Sportovní aktivity nepochybně patří mezi významné faktory, kterými lze ovlivnit u jedinců vznik a rozvoj kardiovaskulárních onemocnění. Cílem tohoto příspěvku bylo zjistit, popsat a vyhodnotit souvislosti výše finančních prostředků vynakládaných občany ČR do sportovních aktivit v kontextu prevence a léčby kardiovaskulárních onemocnění v relaci se vzděláním, zaměstnáním a rodinným stavem respondentů. Výzkum byl realizován s využitím kvantitativní výzkumné strategie, pomocí nestandardizovaného dotazníku. Výzkumný výběrový soubor složený z 1 992 občanů ČR (937 mužů a 1 055 žen) svou strukturou odpovídal složení všech občanů ČR a vykazuje znaky reprezentativnosti z hlediska regionů (krajů), pohlaví a věku. Výsledky výzkumu prokázaly statisticky významné souvislosti mezi výší finančních prostředků vynakládaných obyvateli České republiky v průměru za měsíc do sportovních aktivit v kontextu prevence a léčby kardiovaskulárních onemocnění ve všech vybraných souvislostech. V souvislosti se vzděláním více do sportovních aktivit investují respondenti s vyšším, zejména pak vysokoškolským vzděláním, méně občané se základním vzděláním či vyučení. Ve vztahu k zaměstnání více do sportovních aktivit investují občané v zaměstnaneckém poměru a podnikatelé, méně naopak starobní a invalidní důchodci. V relaci s rodinným stavem více do sportovních aktivit investují svobodní, méně ovdovělí, což může být následkem i toho, že v České republice dochází ke změně struktury obyvatelstva. Tato zjištění poskytují zdravotnickým pracovníkům cenné informace prakticky využitelné pro zefektivnění zdravotního poradenství v oblasti vhodných pohybových aktivit v rámci jednotlivých úrovní prevence kardiovaskulárních onemocnění a zároveň poukazují na nutnost individuálního přístupu při sestavování praktických doporučení zejména ve vazbě na vzdělání, zaměstnání i rodinný stav jedinců.
Sports activities are important factors in the prevention of the incidence and development of cardiovascular diseases. The goal of this article was to find out, describe and assess the relationship of the finances spent on sports activities to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases to education, employment and marital status. The research was carried out using the quantitative research strategy (a non-standardized questionnaire). The sample group (1,992 people from the Czech Republic - 937 men and 1,055 women) had the typical structure of the Czech population and was representative from the point of view of regions, gender and age. The results showed statistically significant relationships between the money spent monthly on sports activities to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. Respondents with a higher level of education invested more money in sports activities than those with a lower level of education. Employed and self-employed people invested more money in sports activities than pensioners. Single people invest more in sports activities; the widowed invest less, which could be caused by the fact that the Czech Republic is undergoing a change in the population structure. These facts provide medical workers with valuable information that can be used in practice. This information can help to make medical consulting regarding sports activities more efficient and so prevent cardiovascular diseases. It also points out the necessity of an individual approach regarding practical recommendations in relation to education, employment and marital status.
- MeSH
- Cardiovascular Diseases * prevention & control MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Marital Status statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Sports * economics statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Educational Status MeSH
- Employment economics statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
BACKGROUND: The proportion of women among neurosurgeons appears to be growing worldwide with time. Official data concerning the current situation across Europe have not yet been published. Thus, there are still concerns about gender inequality. The European Women in Neurosurgery Project 2016 was designed to recognize the current situation across Europe. METHODS: The office holders of the national neurosurgical societies of 39 countries forming the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies were contacted to provide data stating the proportion of women in neurosurgery. Obtained data were supplied with the results of an online survey. RESULTS: The response rate of national office holders was 90%. The number of reported neurosurgeons was 12,985, and overall proportion of women represented was 12%. Two hundred thirty-seven responses to online questionnaire were taken into account. The overall proportion of female respondents was 30%. There was no intergender variability in responses regarding amount of working time per week, exposure to surgeries, or administrative work. Male respondents reported dedicating significantly more time to scientific work and feeling more confident dictating own career direction. Female respondents reported being less often married, having fewer children, a stronger perception of gender significance level, and a higher appreciation of personal qualities. CONCLUSIONS: Neurosurgery is a challenging field of medicine. The results of our survey did not imply an overall feeling of gender inequality among European respondents, although women believe that the gender issue to be more important than men do and that they have to sacrifice more of their personal lives.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Physicians, Women statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Marital Status statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Neurosurgery manpower MeSH
- Neurosurgeons statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Attitude of Health Personnel * MeSH
- Sex Distribution MeSH
- Sexism statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe epidemiology MeSH
Biological age estimates the functional status of an individual (in comparison with the chronological peers). In this study we used a Borkan and Norris method (1980b) for assessment of biological age in adult Slovak women and men using bioimpedance, biochemical and anthropometrical parameters in the context of lifestyle behavior characteristics. Our findings revealed that healthy life-style such as sporting, no-smoking and living with partner may be associated with younger biological age.
- MeSH
- Anthropometry methods MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
- Smoking adverse effects MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Marital Status statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Aging physiology MeSH
- Exercise Movement Techniques methods statistics & numerical data utilization MeSH
- Age Groups MeSH
- Life Style MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Geographicals
- Slovakia MeSH
- MeSH
- Alcoholism diagnosis epidemiology MeSH
- Family Characteristics MeSH
- Inpatients statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Marital Status statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
- Educational Status MeSH
- Age Distribution MeSH
- Employment statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Comparative Study MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Infant and childhood mortality from injuries in Central and Eastern Europe is high but little is known about its determinants. This study examined whether maternal socioeconomic characteristics predict infant mortality from injuries in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Data on all live births registered in the Czech Republic 1989-91 (n=387 496) were linked with the national death register, 1989-92, using the unique national identification number. Effects of maternal socioeconomic characteristics, birth weight and gestational age, recorded in the birth register, on the risk of death from external causes (ICD-9 800-999) were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 195 linked infant deaths from external causes (rate 50/100000 live births), 73% were from suffocation. After controlling for other factors, the risk of death was higher in boys, declined with increasing maternal education (odds ratio for primary v university education 3.5, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 8.6), maternal age, birth weight and gestational age, and was increased in infants of unmarried mothers and of mothers with higher parity. The effect of education appeared stronger in married mothers and in mothers of low parity. CONCLUSION: The risk of infant death from external causes in this population was strongly associated with maternal and family characteristics.
- MeSH
- Gestational Age MeSH
- Cohort Studies MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Infant Mortality * trends MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Logistic Models MeSH
- Marital Status statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Mothers * psychology MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Parity MeSH
- Birth Weight MeSH
- Predictive Value of Tests MeSH
- Cause of Death MeSH
- Wounds and Injuries etiology mortality prevention & control MeSH
- Registries MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Birth Certificates MeSH
- Sex Distribution MeSH
- Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
- Educational Status MeSH
- Population Surveillance MeSH
- Death Certificates MeSH
- Maternal Age MeSH
- Check Tag
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- MeSH
- Marital Status statistics & numerical data trends MeSH
- Life Tables MeSH
- Age Distribution MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
