Hydrolates obtained via the hydrodistillation and steam distillation of Lavandulaangustifolia Mill., Syzygiumaromaticum L., Foeniculumvulgare Mill., and Laurusnobilis L. were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, the hydrolates were evaluated for antimicrobial activity (disk-diffusion and microdilution method), influence on biofilm formation (Christensen method) and cytotoxicity of concentrated hydrolates against human cell lines (A549) by xCELLigence system. Using chemical analysis, 48, 9, 13 and 33 different components were detected in lavender, clove, fennel and laurel hydrolates, respectively. Lavender hydrolate contained the largest proportion of 1,8-cineol, linalool furanoxide, and linalool. The main components of laurel hydrolate were 1,8-cineol, 4-terpineol and α-terpineol. Fenchone and estragole were the most abundant in fennel hydrolate, and eugenol and eugenyl acetate in clove hydrolate. Concentrated hydrolates showed significant antimicrobial activity. Clove hydrolate was among the most antimicrobially active agents, most preferably against C. albicans, with an inhibition zone up to 23.5 mm. Moreover, concentrated hydrolates did not show any cytotoxic effect again8 st human A549 cells. In the presence of the non-concentrated hydrolates, significantly reduced biofilm formation was observed; however, with concentrated clove hydrolate, there was an increase in biofilm formation, e.g., of A. thereius, A. lanthieri, and A. butzleri. Research shows new findings about hydrolates that may be important in natural medicine or for preservation purposes.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Arcobacter účinky léků   MeSH
• buňky A549 MeSH
• Candida albicans účinky léků   MeSH
• destilace MeSH
• levandule chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory plic farmakoterapie   MeSH
• oleje prchavé farmakologie   MeSH
• oleje rostlin farmakologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Arcobacter butzleri is an emerging human and animal pathogen for which an increased prevalence of resistance to antibiotics has been observed, and so alternative compounds to modulate resistance of A. butzleri are required. This work aims to study the potential use of several polyphenols as efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) and to evaluate their interaction with antibiotics, in order to enhance antibiotic activity against A. butzleri. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, rutin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, resveratrol, pterostilbene, and pinosylvin was determined, in absence and presence of four known EPIs. Subsequently, ethidium bromide accumulation in presence of subinhibitory concentrations of polyphenols was evaluated, and the synergistic potential of the compounds with antibiotics was assessed by checkerboard dilution test. Only stilbenes presented activity against A. butzleri, with MIC values ranging between 64 and 512 μg/mL. The MIC determination of the polyphenols in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of known EPIs showed that efflux pumps play a role in the resistance to these compounds. Stilbenes also induced a higher intracellular accumulation of ethidium bromide, indicating that they may inhibit the activity of efflux pumps. Checkerboard assays showed that several combinations of polyphenol/antibiotic had an additive effect against A. butzleri. Overall, the results indicate that some polyphenols reduce A. butzleri resistance to antibiotics, suggesting the potential of stilbenes as EPIs. The potential of resveratrol and pinosylvin as resistance modulators was evidenced, insofar as these compounds can even revert antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the use of polyphenols as resistance modulators could be an alternative to overcome the decreasing susceptibility of A. butzleri to antibiotics.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Arcobacter účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny antagonisté a inhibitory   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• gramnegativní bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• polyfenoly farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Arcobacter spp. are considered to be potential foodborne pathogens, and consumption of contaminated food containing these bacteria could endanger human and animal health. Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus are the species most frequently isolated from food of animal origin and from other samples. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of arcobacters isolated in the Czech Republic. No information about antibiotic susceptibility and multidrug resistance of arcobacters isolated in the Czech Republic is available in the literature before now. METHODS: The antimicrobial resistance of A. butzleri (n=80) and A. cryaerophilus (n=20) isolated from meat of animal origin, water sources and clinical samples was examined by the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: Arcobacters were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents in 99% (99/100) of tested isolates. Most of the Arcobacter isolates were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, i.e. ampicillin (81.0%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (28.0%), cefalotin (73.0%) and aztreonam (93.0%). Arcobacters were also frequently resistant to lincosamides, i.e. clindamycin (98.0%). Of the aminoglycosides, amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin were evaluated to be the most effective antibiotics among those tested against arcobacters. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate substantial resistance in Arcobacter isolates to 18 antimicrobial agents commonly used in medical and veterinary medicine. Multidrug resistance was found in 93.8% (75/80) of A. butzleri isolates and 70.0% (14/20) of A. cryaerophilus isolates.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Arcobacter účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• diskové difúzní antimikrobiální testy MeSH
• gramnegativní bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiologie vody * MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The genus Arcobacter is related to the well-known human pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni, and has been linked to human diseases. In this study, the survival of Arcobacter spp. in various concentrations of ethanol, in various samples of beers, and in a model stomach has been investigated. For most of these bacteria, a concentration of 10 % ethanol was determined to be the minimum inhibitory concentration. The fact that these organisms are able to survive under these conditions may have an impact in the food processing industry. We studied the activity of beer against arcobacters. These bacteria were killed in all samples of beer within 30 min. A model stomach, containing a food matrix and a synthetic gastric fluid, was used to deduce the effect of beer against Arcobacter spp. during food consumption. Complete inactivation of all monitored arcobacters was detected usually within 15 min. However, the presence of beer does not potentiate the effect of gastric fluid against these bacteria. This is apparently the first study focusing upon the effect of beer on Arcobacter spp.

• MeSH
• Arcobacter účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• ethanol toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita účinky léků   MeSH
• pivo analýza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• žaludek mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The inhibitory effects of 17 organic acids (C₂-C₁₆ fatty acids, sorbic, benzoic, phenylacetic, fumaric, succinic, lactic, malic and citric) on Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii were investigated by determining their IC₅₀ values, defined as the concentration of acid at which the target DNA sequence was expressed at 50% of the positive control level in cultures incubated at 30°C for 24 h. DNA was analysed by real-time PCR. The Arcobacter strains tested were inhibited by all the organic acids, with the sensitivities in the order A. skirrowii > A. cryaerophilus > A. butzleri. Eight acids with IC₅₀ values of <1 mg/mL against A. butzleri were tested for their effects on A. butzleri inoculated on chicken carcasses at a concentration of 5 log CFU/g of skin. Inoculated halved carcasses were immersed in solutions of the acids at 5 mg/mL for 1 min. Samples of skin were collected from carcass halves after storage at 4°C for 0, 1, 2 or 3 days for enumeration of arcobacters on Muller-Hinton agar. All eight tested acids suppressed bacterial proliferation. The highest inhibitory activities were observed for benzoic, citric, malic and sorbic acids. Subsequent sensory analysis revealed benzoic acid to be the most suitable organic acid for chicken skin treatment.

• MeSH
• Arcobacter účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
• kur domácí MeSH
• kůže mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kyseliny farmakologie   MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami MeSH
• maso mikrobiologie   normy   MeSH
• organické látky farmakologie   MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The inhibitory effect of some plant oil aromatics against three strains of Arcobacter butzleri, two strains of Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and one strain of Arcobacter skirrowii was evaluated. When MICs were determined using the broth macrodilution method, cinnamaldehyde was most inhibitory followed by thymol, carvacrol, caffeic acid, tannic acid, and eugenol (P < 0.001). Sublethal concentrations of the three most potent plant oil aromatics also were examined. Overall, cinnamaldehyde was the most bacteriostatic against all arcobacters tested except A. butzleri when these strains were exposed to the MIC25 of this aromatic aldehyde. The bacteriostatic activities of thymol and carvacrol were concentration and species dependent.

• MeSH
• akrolein analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• Arcobacter růst a vývoj   účinky léků   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• eugenol farmakologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• konzervace potravin metody   MeSH
• kyseliny kávové farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• monoterpeny farmakologie   MeSH
• oleje rostlin farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
• potravinářské konzervační látky farmakologie   MeSH
• spotřebitelská bezpečnost produktů MeSH
• taniny farmakologie   MeSH
• thymol farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Arcobacter spp. has been isolated from food of animal origin (particularly meats) and from various kind of water. Despite its phylogenetically related neighbor Campylobacter, Arcobacter is regarded as an emerging foodborne pathogen. Since Arcobacter differs in its phenotypic characteristics, the physical and chemical treatments designed for elimination of campylobacters from food and environment needs to be verified. This review focuses on the occurrence, and mainly on susceptibility to various physical and chemical treatments for inactivation of Arcobacter spp. The existing studies have been critically discussed and new challenges were proposed for further studies.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Arcobacter fyziologie   účinky léků   účinky záření   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita MeSH
• mikrobiologie vody MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH