The objective of this research was to determine the effect of L-carnitine antioxidant ability on some hematological parameters such as the extent of red blood corpuscles (RBCs), "Packed cells volume (PCV)", Hemoglobin (Hb), and Mean cellular volume (MCV) in normal and oxidative stress exposed rats respectively. Using an animal model, "Hydrogen peroxide ((H2O2 0.5 %)" was mixed with drinking tap water to induce oxidative stress through the experiment period (30 days). Three groups were used in this study (each containing 7 rats) one of them was the negative control group and the other two were the positive control group (oxidative stress group treated with H2O2) and the treatment group treated with H2O2 + L-carnitine. The oxidative stress group showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in RBCs count, and no significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in Hb, PCV, and MCV compared with the control group on the other hand the treatment group revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in RBCs count in cooperation with the oxidative stress group. It can be concluded that L-carnitine has a positive key role toward H2O2 induced oxidative stress. This role positively affects the red bone marrow and erythropoiesis through balancing the negative effect of oxidative stress and can be monitored through RBCs count only.

• MeSH
• erytrocyty MeSH
• erytropoéza fyziologie   MeSH
• hematologické testy MeSH
• hemoglobiny MeSH
• karnitin * fyziologie   krev   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
• oxidační stres fyziologie   MeSH
• peroxid vodíku škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• počet buněk MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

Long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD/MTPD) and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) were included in the expanded neonatal screening program (ENBS) in Czechia in 2009, allowing for the presymptomatic diagnosis and nutritional management of these patients. The aim of our study was to assess the nationwide impact of ENBS on clinical outcome. This retrospective study analysed acute events and chronic complications and their severity in pre-ENBS and post-ENBS cohorts. In total, 28 children (12 before, 16 after ENBS) were diagnosed with LCHADD/MTPD (incidence 0.8/100,000 before and 1.2/100,000 after ENBS). In the subgroup detected by ENBS, a significantly longer interval from birth to first acute encephalopathy was observed. In addition, improvement in neuropathy and cardiomyopathy (although statistically non-significant) was demonstrated in the post-ENBS subgroup. In the MCADD cohort, we included 69 patients (15 before, 54 after ENBS). The estimated incidence rose from 0.7/100,000 before to 4.3/100,000 after ENBS. We confirmed a significant decrease in the number of episodes of acute encephalopathy and lower proportion of intellectual disability after ENBS (p < 0.0001). The genotype-phenotype correlations suggest a new association between homozygosity for the c.1528C > G variant and more severe heart involvement in LCHADD patients.

• MeSH
• 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenasy nedostatek   MeSH
• acyl-CoA-dehydrogenasa nedostatek   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kardiomyopatie diagnóza   dietoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• karnitin analogy a deriváty   krev   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondriální myopatie diagnóza   dietoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• mitochondriální trifunkční protein nedostatek   MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému diagnóza   dietoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• novorozenecký screening metody   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rhabdomyolýza diagnóza   dietoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• vrozené poruchy metabolismu tuků diagnóza   dietoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• vrozené poruchy metabolismu diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Ve druhé části článek pojednává o zásadách výživy psů a koček s kardiovaskulárním onemocněním a zabývá se hlavními principy nutričního managementu. K významným dietním opatřením patří úprava klíčových minerálních látek, které ovlivňují činnost srdce i rozvoj kompenzačních změn provázejících srdeční selhání. A v neposlední řadě také dotace některých látek, které se mohou podílet na zmírnění patologických procesů a zlepšení funkce srdce. Jedná se především o n-3 mastné kyseliny, taurin a L-karnitin. Článek se zabývá také rizikovými faktory ve výživě, jež mohou přispět k rozvoji dilatační kardiomyopatie.

The second part of the article discusses the principles of nutrition for dogs and cats with cardiovascular disease and deals with the main principles of nutrient management. Important steps in diet include the alteration of key minerals that affect heart activity and the development of compensatory changes accompanying heart failure. And last but not least, supplementation of some sub-stances that may contribute to alleviating pathological processes and improving heart function. These are mainly n-3 fatty acids, taurine and L-carnitine. The article also deals with risk factors in nutrition that may contribute to the development of dilated cardiomyopathy.

• MeSH
• chloridy fyziologie   MeSH
• dieta klasifikace   veterinární   MeSH
• dilatační kardiomyopatie dietoterapie   etiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• fyziologie výživy zvířat MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * dietoterapie   etiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• karnitin aplikace a dávkování   fyziologie   krev   nedostatek   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• mastné kyseliny aplikace a dávkování   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny MeSH
• psi MeSH
• sodík aplikace a dávkování   fyziologie   MeSH
• taurin aplikace a dávkování   biosyntéza   krev   metabolismus   nedostatek   MeSH
• živiny * aplikace a dávkování   fyziologie   klasifikace   krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

A feared adverse effect of dyslipidaemia therapy by fibrates is myopathy. We examined the effect of fenofibrate (FF) on protein and amino acid metabolism. Rats received a low (50 mg/kg, LFFD) or high (300 mg/kg, HFFD) dose of FF or vehicle daily by oral gavage. Blood plasma, liver, and soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were analysed after 10 days. The FF-treated rats developed hepatomegaly associated with increased hepatic carnitine and ATP and AMP concentrations, decreased protein breakdown, and decreased concentrations of DNA and triglycerides. HFFD increased plasma ALT and AST activities. The weight and protein content of muscles in the HFFD group were lower compared with controls. In muscles of the LFFD group there were increased ATP and decreased AMP concentrations; in the HFFD group AMP was increased. In both FF-treated groups there were increased glycine, phenylalanine, and citrulline and decreased arginine and branched-chain keto acids (BCKA) in blood plasma. After HFFD there were decreased levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA; valine, leucine and isoleucine), methionine, and lysine and increased homocysteine. Decreased arginine and increased glycine concentrations were found in both muscles in FF-treated animals; in HFFD-treated animals lysine, methionine, and BCAA were decreased. We conclude that FF exerts protein-anabolic effects on the liver and catabolic effects on muscles. HFFD causes signs of hepatotoxicity, impairs energy and protein balance in muscles, and decreases BCAA, methionine, and lysine. It is suggested that increased glycine and decreased lysine and methionine levels are due to activated carnitine synthesis; decreased BCAA and BCKA levels are due to increased BCAA oxidation.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• energetický metabolismus účinky léků   MeSH
• fenofibrát aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• glycin metabolismus   MeSH
• hepatomegalie chemicky indukované   metabolismus   MeSH
• hypolipidemika aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• karnitin krev   MeSH
• kosterní svaly účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• leucin metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lysin metabolismus   MeSH
• methionin metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• proteiny účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• větvené aminokyseliny krev   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This study tested the hypothesis that in human aging, a decreased intramuscular acylcarnitine status is associated with (pre-)frailty, reduced physical performance, and altered mitochondrial function. We used a cross-sectional study design with well-matched fit and (pre-)frail old males and females, using young males and females as healthy controls. Frailty was assessed according to the Fried criteria and physical performance was determined by 400 m walk test, short physical performance battery and handgrip strength. Muscle and plasma acylcarnitine status, and muscle mitochondrial gene expression was analyzed. Results showed that intramuscular total carnitine levels and short-chain acylcarnitine levels were lower in (pre-)frail old females compared to fit old females and young females, whereas no differences were observed in males. The low intramuscular short-chain acylcarnitine levels in females correlated with low physical performance, even after correction for muscle mass (%), and were accompanied with lowered expression of genes involved in mitochondrial energy production and functionality. It is, therefore, concluded that in (pre-)frail old females, intramuscular total carnitine levels and short-chain acylcarnitine levels are decreased, and this decrease is associated with reduced physical performance and low expression of a wide range of genes critical for mitochondrial function. The results stress the importance of taking sex differences into account in aging research.

• MeSH
• chůze fyziologie   MeSH
• karnitin analogy a deriváty   krev   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• křehkost metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• křehký senior MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• síla ruky fyziologie   MeSH
• stárnutí metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• svaly metabolismus   MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Plasma profiles of acylcarnitines (ACs) and amino acids (AAs) may have interest as potential biomarkers. Here we analyzed plasma AC and AA profiles in 2 rat models with different metabolic programming outcomes: offspring of dams fed a cafeteria diet during lactation (O-CAF, with a thin-outside-fat-inside phenotype) and the offspring of dams with diet-induced obesity subjected to dietary normalization before gestation [offspring of postcafeteria dams (O-PCaf), nonaltered phenotype]. The purpose was to identify early variables that might indicate a propensity for a dysmetabolic state. O-CAF rats presented higher circulating levels of most of the lipid-derived ACs and higher hepatic expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation ( Ppara and Cpt1a) than controls [offspring of control dams (O-C)]. They also exhibited an altered plasma AA profile. These differences were not observed in O-PCaf animals. A partial least squares-discriminant analysis score plot of the metabolomics data showed a clear separation between O-CAF and O-C animals. The long-chain ACs (C18, C18:1, C18:2, C16:1, and C16DC) and the AAs glycine, alanine, isoleucine, serine, and proline are the variables mainly influencing this separation. In summary, we have identified a cluster of ACs and AAs whose alterations may indicate poor nutrition during lactation due to maternal unbalanced diet intake and predict the later dysmetabolic phenotype observed in the offspring.-Pomar, C. A., Kuda, O., Kopecky, J., Rombaldova, M., Castro, H., Picó, C., Sánchez, J., Palou, A. Alterations in plasma acylcarnitine and amino acid profiles may indicate poor nutrition during the suckling period due to maternal intake of an unbalanced diet and may predict later metabolic dysfunction.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny krev   MeSH
• dieta * MeSH
• fyziologie výživy v mateřství * MeSH
• játra metabolismus   MeSH
• karnitin analogy a deriváty   krev   MeSH
• kojená zvířata * MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• laktace MeSH
• metabolické nemoci etiologie   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• nutriční stav * MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the carboxylic form of vitamin A, lowers body weight in rodents by promoting oxidative metabolism in multiple tissues including white and brown adipose tissues. We aimed to identify novel markers of the metabolic impact of ATRA through targeted blood metabolomics analyses, with a focus on acylcarnitines and amino acids. Blood was obtained from mice treated with a high ATRA dose (50 mg/kg body weight/day, subcutaneous injection) or placebo (controls) during the 4 days preceding collection. LC-MS/MS analyses with a focus on acylcarnitines and amino acids were conducted on plasma and PBMC. Main results showed that, relative to controls, ATRA-treated mice had in plasma: increased levels of carnitine, acetylcarnitine, and longer acylcarnitine species; decreased levels of citrulline, and increased global arginine bioavailability ratio for nitric oxide synthesis; increased levels of creatine, taurine and docosahexaenoic acid; and a decreased n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio. While some of these features likely reflect the stimulation of lipid mobilization and oxidation promoted by ATRA treatment systemically, other may also play a causal role underlying ATRA actions. The results connect ATRA to specific nutrition-modulated biochemical pathways, and suggest novel mechanisms of action of vitamin A-derived retinoic acid on metabolic health.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny krev   MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• karnitin analogy a deriváty   krev   MeSH
• leukocyty mononukleární účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• metabolom účinky léků   MeSH
• metabolomika * metody   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oxidace-redukce účinky léků   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• tretinoin farmakologie   MeSH
• tuková tkáň MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The case of atypical myopathy (AM) in newborn Haflinger foal with clinical signs of depression and weakness appearing 6 hours after birth resulting in recumbency 12 hours after birth is described. The foal's dam was diagnosed with AM in the 6th month of gestation based on clinical signs of a myopathy, elevated serum activity of creatine kinase, metabolomic analysis and the presence of methylenecyclopropyl acetyl carnitine (MCPA-carnitine) in the blood. At the time of delivery, the mare was grazing on a pasture near sycamore trees but was free of clinical signs of AM. Metabolomic analysis of the foal's blood revealed increased concentrations of acylcarnitines and MCPA-carnitine consistent with metabolic profiles of blood from AM affected horses. Two theories could explain this observation (a) hypoglycin A or its metabolites accumulated in the mare's placenta with consequent transfer to fetus or (b) these compounds were secreted into mare's milk.

• MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• karnitin analogy a deriváty   krev   MeSH
• koně MeSH
• nemoci koní diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• nemoci svalů diagnóza   veterinární   MeSH
• novorozená zvířata * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous condition with multiple clinical faces. Metabolomic profiling studies small molecules present in biological samples by combined use of chromatography with mass spectrometry. OBJECTIVES: The goal of our work was to perform a high performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) metabolomic study to compare the concentrations of metabolites in COPD patients and in controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants were recruited at the University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, with the approval of the ethics committee. The analysis of blood samples was performed at Health Sciences Center (HSC) in Kuwait. The blood samples were analyzed for concentrations of acylcarnitines and amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography (Waters 2690 HPLC; Waters, Milford, USA) and a triple-quadruple tandem mass spectrometer (Quattro LC, Micromass, Manchester, United Kingdom). RESULTS: Groups of 10 subjects with COPD and 10 healthy controls were analyzed. Carnitine analysis showed that the free carnitine to acylcarnitine ratio (C0/AC ratio) was significantly lower in COPD (0.58 μM/L) compared to the controls (0.73 μM/L; p = 0.002). The mean C8/C2 ratio in the COPD group was significantly higher (0.03 μM/L) - in the control group it was 0 μM/L (p = 0.03). Amino acid analysis showed lower levels of phenylalanine in the COPD group (22.05 μM/L) compared to the controls (30.05 μM/L; p = 0.008). The alanine concentrations were significantly lower in the COPD group (173 μM/L) than in the control group (253 μM/L; p = 0.001). The pyroglutamate levels were higher in COPD (1.58 μM/L) than in the controls (1 μM/L; p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: The carnitine and acylcarnitine levels in COPD subjects in this study possibly indicate a predisposition to atherosclerosis as a result of inadequate β-oxidation of fatty acids and show the presence of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the high sensitivity to changes in circulating amino acid levels may allow us to detect subclinical malnutrition and take early preventative interventions such as nutritional supplementation and patient education.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny krev   MeSH
• analýza dat MeSH
• chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• karnitin analogy a deriváty   krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

To enable the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, the search for and definition of reliable biomarkers remain a subject of great interest, with the specificity and sensitivity of the currently used biomarkers being below the required values. We tested a novel diagnostic approach for pancreatic cancer based on the specific molecular signature of blood plasma components. To acquire more detailed structural information, structure-sensitive chiroptical methods (electronic circular dichroism and Raman optical activity) were supplemented by conventional Raman and infrared spectroscopies. The obtained spectra were subsequently processed by linear discriminant analysis yielding high values of specificity and sensitivity. In addition, to monitor not only large biomolecules as potential biomarkers but also those of low molecular weight, we conducted an analysis of blood plasma samples by using metabolomics. The achieved results suggest a panel of promising biomarkers for a reliable detection of pancreatic cancer. Copyright © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

• MeSH
• cirkulární dichroismus * metody   MeSH
• diskriminační analýza MeSH
• karnitin analogy a deriváty   krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lysofosfatidylcholiny krev   MeSH
• metabolomika * metody   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery krev   MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní * krev   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie * metody   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací * metody   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH