URA5-RFLP is one of the most widely used genotyping methods relating to Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii consensus genotype nomenclature. In order to identify a molecular type, this method uses a visual comparison of digested PCR products of tested and reference strains, therefore any anomaly in RFLP patterns of studied isolates makes recognition difficult or impossible. This report describes a strain of VNIV type showing an atypical URA5-RFLP pattern as well as a group of AD hybrids displaying the same anomaly. The atypical RFLP pattern is the result of a point mutation and emergence of a new restriction site. Emergence of the allele presenting a new banding pattern may lead to misidentification using the URA5-RFLP technique; the results of this study as well as the literature data may suggest the spread of the allele in the environment.
- MeSH
- Cryptococcus neoformans classification genetics MeSH
- Genotype MeSH
- Genes, Fungal genetics MeSH
- Environmental Microbiology MeSH
- Mutation MeSH
- Mycological Typing Techniques MeSH
- Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase genetics MeSH
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length MeSH
- Base Sequence MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Cryptococcosis is caused by members of the Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex. Based on molecular identification, these two species have been further differentiated into molecular types. The aim of this work was to characterize clinical cryptococcal isolates recovered from six hospitals in Northeast Mexico from 1995 to 2011. One hundred and sixty-six isolates, which were characterized by biochemical tests and in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and voriconazole, and M13 PCR fingerprinting, were included in this study. Utilizing phenotypic tests, 153 isolates (92.16 %) were identified as C. neoformans and 13 (7.83 %) as C. gattii. All isolates were susceptible to all antifungals tested. Employing M13 PCR fingerprinting, eight molecular types were detected. VNI was the most common genotype (124 cases; 74.6 %), followed by VNII (15 cases; 9 %), VNIII (8 cases; 4.8 %), VNIV (6 cases; 3.6 %), VGI (6 cases; 3.6 %), VGII (3 cases; 1.8 %), and VGIII and VGIV (2 cases, 1.2 % each). We confirm the presence of C. gattii in clinical isolates in Northeast Mexico, and a high clonal diversity in the studied strains of C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex.
- MeSH
- Antifungal Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Cryptococcus gattii classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Cryptococcus neoformans classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- DNA Fingerprinting MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Cryptococcosis epidemiology microbiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Molecular Epidemiology MeSH
- Molecular Typing * MeSH
- Mycological Typing Techniques * MeSH
- Hospitals MeSH
- Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Mexico epidemiology MeSH
- MeSH
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial immunology MeSH
- Cryptococcus neoformans isolation & purification classification MeSH
- Meningitis, Cryptococcal blood microbiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Egypt MeSH
Klinická lekárska mykológia zaznamenala už via jako 200 rôznych druhov mikroskopických húb, izolovaných z mykóz človeka. K novým zaujímavým druhom patria Penicillium marneffei, Cryptococcus neoformans var. gatii, Candida dubliniensis a k mikroskopickým hubám sa priradil druh Pneumocystis carinii. Stúpa počet pacientov s nosokomiálnymi mykózami. Sú problémy s diagnostikou, s terapiou a novými ale aj staršími antimykotikami, s citiivosťou a rezistenciou mikromycét, štandardizáciou metodík apod. Environmentálna lekárska mykológia sa venovala aflatoxínu (kwashiorkor a hepatómy), ochratoxínu A (u dialýzovaných pacientov) a novým mykotoxínom – fumonizínom, 2-nitropropionovej kyseline. Objavila sa problematika mikromycét v bytoch. V mykológii sa rozvíjajú „nekultivačné“ metódy detekcie mikromycét a metódy molekulárnej biologie. V referáte sa dala prednost poznatkom, ktoré majú dosah pre praktickú aplikáciu.
Clinical medici mycology records more than 200 different species of microscopic fungi isolated from patiens presenting with some type of mycosis. Rather interesting new species are Penicillium mameffei, Cryptococcus neoformans van gatti, Candida dubliniensis; the species Pneumocystis carinii has been addend to microscopic fungi. The number of patiens presenting nosocomial mycoses is risik. Problems koncern diagnosis, treatment, both new and older antimycotic agents, sensitivity and resistence of micromycetes, standardization of methods ETA. Environmental medici mycology investigated aflatoxin (kwashiorkor and hepatomas), ochratoxin A (in dialysed patients) and the new mycotoxins – fumonisinome and 2-nitropropionic acid. A new problem that has recentiy cropped up are nicromycetes in priváte homes (households). Mycology is developing „non-culture“ methods for the detection of micromycetes, as well as nethods of molecular biology. The paper highlights findings of importace for practical applications.
