African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes hemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs, presenting the biggest global threat to animal farming in recorded history. Despite the importance of ASFV, little is known about the mechanisms and regulation of ASFV transcription. Using RNA sequencing methods, we have determined total RNA abundance, transcription start sites, and transcription termination sites at single-nucleotide resolution. This allowed us to characterize DNA consensus motifs of early and late ASFV core promoters, as well as a polythymidylate sequence determinant for transcription termination. Our results demonstrate that ASFV utilizes alternative transcription start sites between early and late stages of infection and that ASFV RNA polymerase (RNAP) undergoes promoter-proximal transcript slippage at 5' ends of transcription units, adding quasitemplated AU- and AUAU-5' extensions to mRNAs. Here, we present the first much-needed genome-wide transcriptome study that provides unique insight into ASFV transcription and serves as a resource to aid future functional analyses of ASFV genes which are essential to combat this devastating disease.IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes incurable and often lethal hemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs. In 2020, ASF presents an acute and global animal health emergency that has the potential to devastate entire national economies as effective vaccines or antiviral drugs are not currently available (according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). With major outbreaks ongoing in Eastern Europe and Asia, urgent action is needed to advance our knowledge about the fundamental biology of ASFV, including the mechanisms and temporal control of gene expression. A thorough understanding of RNAP and transcription factor function, and of the sequence context of their promoter motifs, as well as accurate knowledge of which genes are expressed when and the amino acid sequence of the encoded proteins, is direly needed for the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.

• MeSH
• africký mor prasat prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• aktivace transkripce genetika   MeSH
• genetická transkripce genetika   MeSH
• genom virový MeSH
• hemoragické horečky virové virologie   MeSH
• prasata virologie   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• Sus scrofa virologie   MeSH
• terminace genetické transkripce MeSH
• transkriptom genetika   MeSH
• virové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• virus afrického moru prasat genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Tetraparvovirus, formerly known as Partetravirus, is a newly discovered genus in the family Parvoviridae that is considered phylogenetically distinct from other parvoviruses. However, nothing is known about the prevalence of Tetraparvovirus in special livestock living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, such as Tibetan pigs and Tibetan sheep. A pair of special primers was designed based on the conserved regions in the genome of ungulate tetraparvovirus 2 (P-PARV4) and ungulate tetraparvovirus 4 (O-PARV4) and was used to detect P-PARV4 in domestic pigs and Tibetan pigs and O-PARV4 in ovines and Tibetan sheep. The results showed a 15.59 and 9.38% prevalence of P-PARV4 in domestic pigs (18.96% in Gansu Province and 11.76% in Qinghai Province) and Tibetan pigs (14.28% in Gansu Province and 4.44% in Qinghai Province), respectively, and a 7.31 and 5.20% prevalence of O-PARV4 in ovines (6.61% in Gansu Province and 8.00% in Qinghai Province) and Tibetan sheep (4.55% in Gansu Province and 5.50% in Qinghai Province), respectively. The prevalence of P-PARV4 was 14.76% (31/210) for ≤1-month-old pigs and 10.58% (20/189) for > 1-month-old pigs, and the positive rates of O-PARV4 were 7.65% (18/235) for ≤1-month-old sheep and 5.05% (11/218) for > 1-month-old sheep. The phylogenetic analysis of NS1, VP1, VP2 and the whole PARV4-related provirus genome demonstrated that both P-PARV4 and O-PARV4 sequences in this study were more closely related to the sequences of other strains discovered in the same genus of animals. The identity analyses for the full-length VP2 genomes of O-PARV4 revealed 98.84-100.00% sequence identity among the 7 strains and the previously reported strain, which was 98.60-99.28% for P-PARV4. In the present study, for the first time, we have provided comprehensive information regarding the widespread infection of P-PARV4 and O-PARV4 in special livestock on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Our present findings highlight the importance of epidemiologic surveillance to limit the spread of Tetraparvovirus in livestock at high altitudes in China.

• MeSH
• dobytek virologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom virový * MeSH
• infekce viry z čeledi Parvoviridae epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• ovce virologie   MeSH
• Parvovirinae genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• prasata virologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• virové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH
• Tibet MeSH

• MeSH
• epidemiologické faktory MeSH
• feces virologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom virový MeSH
• genotypizační techniky metody   MeSH
• klinické chemické testy metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prasata virologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Rotavirus * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• virové zoonózy * epidemiologie   přenos   virologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Since its arrival in the Caucasus and Russia in 2007, African swine fever virus (ASFV) has spread widely and has now affected the EU countries of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and, more recently, the Czech Republic and Romania. The ever-increasing evidence of seropositive wild boar in certain areas suggests that some animals may be surviving for some time or could even be recovering from the disease. This could be due to acquired immunity after the primary infection and/or the presence of related viruses of reduced virulence. To assess these hypotheses, two ASFV field strains from Estonia were studied in vivo in two groups of domestic pigs. After an incubation period of 4 ± 1.6 days, the pigs inoculated intramuscularly with Es15/WB-Tartu 14 ASFV (group 2) developed clinical signs associated with acute disease and succumbed 7 and 11 days post infection (dpi). Pigs inoculated with Es15/WB-Valga-14 ASFV (group 1) had longer incubation times (8 days) than those in group 2 and developed variable clinical signs and lesions compatible with subacute and chronic forms of ASF; they succumbed at 11 and 25 dpi. The in-contact pigs in both groups became infected 7-14 days after exposure and exhibited variable clinical manifestations and pathological findings ranging from acute to chronic disease. Two animals per group recovered completely after infection and were protected against a subsequent homologous virus challenge-exposure performed at 78 dpi. Under experimental conditions, no transmission occurred from the survivors to susceptible sentinel pigs housed together with the survivors 137 days after the primary infection.

• MeSH
• africký mor prasat epidemiologie   imunologie   přenos   virologie   MeSH
• delece genu MeSH
• epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
• genotyp * MeSH
• molekulární evoluce * MeSH
• prasata virologie   MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• sérologické testy MeSH
• Sus scrofa MeSH
• viremie epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• virulence genetika   MeSH
• virus afrického moru prasat genetika   imunologie   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Polsko MeSH

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a recently discovered RNA virus that belongs to the family Coronaviridae and genus Deltacoronavirus. This virus causes enteric disease in piglets that is characterized by enteritis and diarrhoea. In our present investigation, 189 diarrhoeic samples were collected between July 2016 and May 2017 from Tibetan pigs inhabiting in three different provinces surrounding the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. We then applied the molecular-based method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) to detect the presence of PDCoV in collected samples, and RT-PCR indicated that the prevalence of PDCoV was 3.70% (7/189) in Tibetan pigs. Four of 7 PDCoV-positive pigs were monoinfections of PDCoV, three samples were co-infections of PDCoV with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), and 52 (27.51%) samples were positive for PEDV. Four strains with different full-length genomes were identified (CHN/GS/2016/1, CHN/GS/2016/2, CHN/GS-/2017/1 and CHN/QH/2017/1), and their genomes were used to analyse the characteristics of PDCoV currently prevalent in Tibetan pigs. We found a 3-nt insertion in the spike gene in four strains in Tibetan pigs. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome and spike and nucleocapsid gene sequences revealed that these strains shared ancestors with the strain CHN-AH-2004, which was found in pigs from the Anhui province of China mainland. However, PDCoV strains from Tibetan pigs formed different branches within the same cluster, implying continuous evolution in the field. Our present findings highlight the importance of epidemiologic surveillance to limit the spread of PDCoV in livestock at high altitudes in China.

• MeSH
• Coronavirus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces virologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom virový genetika   MeSH
• koronavirové infekce diagnóza   epidemiologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci prasat diagnóza   epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• prasata virologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průjem veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• virové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Tibet epidemiologie   MeSH

• MeSH
• hmyz - vektory MeSH
• infekce přenášené vektorem MeSH
• infekce viry z rodu Flavivirus přenos   MeSH
• japonská encefalitida * přenos   MeSH
• prasata virologie   MeSH
• zdroje nemoci virologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Japonsko MeSH

We evaluated the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the pork production chain in Czech Republic, Italy, and Spain during 2010. A total of 337 fecal, liver, and meat samples from animals at slaughterhouses were tested for HEV by real-time quantitative PCR. Overall, HEV was higher in Italy (53%) and Spain (39%) than in Czech Republic (7.5%). HEV was detected most frequently in feces in Italy (41%) and Spain (39%) and in liver (5%) and meat (2.5%) in Czech Republic. Of 313 sausages sampled at processing and point of sale, HEV was detected only in Spain (6%). HEV sequencing confirmed only g3 HEV strains. Indicator virus (porcine adenovirus) was ubiquitous in fecal samples and absent in liver samples and was detected in 1 slaughterhouse meat sample. At point of sale, we found porcine adenovirus in sausages (1%-2%). The possible dissemination of HEV and other fecal viruses through pork production demands containment measures.

• MeSH
• feces virologie   MeSH
• hepatitida E epidemiologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• jatka MeSH
• játra virologie   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami metody   MeSH
• maso virologie   MeSH
• nemoci prasat epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• prasata virologie   MeSH
• virus hepatitidy E genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Itálie MeSH
• Španělsko MeSH

All twenty-nine PRRSV ORF7 nucleotide sequences obtained from clinical samples originating from the three Central European countries Austria (n = 7), Czech Republic (n = 12), and Slovakia (n = 10) belonged to type 1, subtype I (EU-1). Twenty-seven sequences encoded the typical length of the nucleocapsid protein composed of 128 amino acids. Two genetically identical ORF7s of PRRSV originating from a single farm in Slovakia showed a new length polymorphism of the nucleocapsid protein comprising 132 amino acids.

• MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny virologie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• nukleokapsida - proteiny genetika   MeSH
• otevřené čtecí rámce MeSH
• plíce virologie   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
• prasata virologie   MeSH
• reprodukční a respirační syndrom prasat virologie   MeSH
• RNA virová krev   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenční seřazení MeSH
• virus reprodukčního a respiračního syndromu prasat klasifikace   genetika   patogenita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Rakousko MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• Tamiflu, Roche,
• MeSH
• chřipka lidská farmakoterapie   terapie   virologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci prasat etiologie   přenos   MeSH
• oseltamivir farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• prasata virologie   MeSH
• virová léková rezistence MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H1N1 genetika   patogenita   účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• novinové články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Austrálie MeSH

This study presents results of epidemiological survey and genetic characterisation of porcine enteric picornaviruses belonging to the genera Teschovirus, Sapelovirus, and Porcine enterovirus B. Faecal or gut content samples from domestic pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) and the cecal content of wild boars (Sus scrofa) of different ages (collected between 2005 and 2011) were analysed by molecular methods. Porcine enterovirus B was the most prevalent virus detected in both domestic pigs and wild boars (50.2% and 69.4%, respectively), followed by Porcine teschovirus and Porcine sapelovirus. The majority of positive domestic pigs (69.4%) and wild boars (64.3%) were infected with two or three tested viruses. There was no significant difference in prevalences of teschoviruses, sapeloviruses, and enteroviruses among healthy and diarrhoeic pigs. Results of epidemiological survey demonstrated that all target viral genera are common in Czech farms producing pigs and wild boars. Amplified nucleotide fragments of VP2 region obtained from randomly selected both historical and recent Teschovirus isolates were sequenced. Based on sequence data, historical Porcine teschovirus isolate CAPM V-180, previously determined as serotype 1 was reclassified into serotype 11. Moreover, another recent Porcine teschovirus isolate OH264/2010 was described and classified into serotype 11. Four nontypeable PTV strains (historical isolate CAPM V-182/1976 and recent isolates JA247/2010, NI429/2010, and BR1576/2007) identified in this study might represent novel serotypes. To the best of our knowledge, our study represents the first description of this serotype in the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• cékum virologie   MeSH
• enteroviry prasat klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces virologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• Picornaviridae klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• pikornavirové infekce epidemiologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• prasata virologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sérotypizace MeSH
• surveillance populace MeSH
• Sus scrofa virologie   MeSH
• Teschovirus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• virové plášťové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH