BACKGROUND: Patients with severe aortic stenosis present frequently (∼50%) with concomitant obstructive coronary artery disease. Current guidelines recommend combined surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) as the preferred treatment. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) represent a valid treatment alternative. We aimed to test the non-inferiority of FFR-guided PCI plus TAVI versus SAVR plus CABG in patients with severe aortic stenosis and complex coronary artery disease. METHODS: This international, multicentre, prospective, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial was conducted at 18 tertiary medical centres across Europe. Patients (aged ≥70 years) with severe aortic stenosis and complex coronary artery disease, deemed feasible for percutaneous or surgical treatment according to the on-site Heart Team, were randomly assigned (1:1) to FFR-guided PCI plus TAVI or SAVR plus CABG according to a computer-generated sequence with random permuted blocks sizes stratified by site. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, disabling stroke, clinically driven target-vessel revascularisation, valve reintervention, and life-threatening or disabling bleeding at 1 year post-treatment. The trial was powered for non-inferiority (with a margin of 15%) and if met, for superiority. The primary and safety analyses were done per an intention-to-treat principle. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03424941) and is closed. FINDINGS: Between May 31, 2018, and June 30, 2023, 172 patients were enrolled, of whom 91 were assigned to the FFR-guided PCI plus TAVI group and 81 to the SAVR plus CABG group. The mean age of patients was 76·5 years (SD 3·9). 118 (69%) of 172 patients were male and 54 (31%) patients were female. FFR-guided PCI plus TAVI resulted in favourable outcomes for the primary endpoint (four [4%] of 91 patients) versus SAVR plus CABG (17 [23%] of 77 patients; risk difference -18·5 [90% CI -27·8 to -9·7]), which was below the 15% prespecified non-inferiority margin (pnon-inferiority<0·001). FFR-guided PCI plus TAVI was superior to SAVR plus CABG (hazard ratio 0·17 [95% CI 0·06-0·51]; psuperiority<0·001), which was driven mainly by all-cause mortality (none [0%] of 91 patients vs seven (10%) of 77 patients; p=0·0025) and life-threatening bleeding (two [2%] vs nine [12%]; p=0·010). INTERPRETATION: The TCW trial is the first trial to compare percutaneous treatment versus surgical treatment in patients with severe aortic stenosis and complex coronary artery disease, showing favourable primary endpoint and mortality outcomes with percutaneous treatment. FUNDING: Isala Heart Centre and Medtronic.
- MeSH
- aortální stenóza * chirurgie komplikace MeSH
- chirurgická náhrada chlopně metody MeSH
- frakční průtoková rezerva myokardu * MeSH
- koronární angioplastika * metody MeSH
- koronární bypass * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci koronárních tepen * chirurgie komplikace terapie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transkatetrální implantace aortální chlopně * metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnocení ekvivalence MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) frequently present with concomitant obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). In those, current guidelines recommend combined coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) as the preferred treatment option, although this surgical approach is associated with a high rate of clinical events. Combined transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with or without FFR have evolved as a valid alternative for cardiac surgery in patients with AS and multivessel or advanced CAD. To date, no dedicated trial has prospectively evaluated the outcomes of a percutaneous versus surgical treatment for patients with both severe AS and CAD. AIMS: To investigate whether fractional-flow reserve (FFR)-guided PCI and TAVI is noninferior to combined CABG and SAVR for the treatment of severe AS and multivessel or advanced CAD. METHODS: The Transcatheter Valve and Vessels (TCW) trial (clinicaltrial.gov: NCT03424941) is a prospective, randomized, controlled, open label, international trial. Patients ≥ 70 years with severe AS and multivessel (≥ 2 vessels) or advanced CAD, deemed feasible by the heart team for both; a full percutaneous or surgical treatment, will be randomised in a 1:1 fashion to either FFR-guided PCI followed by TAVI (intervention arm) vs. CABG and SAVR (control arm). The primary endpoint is a patient-oriented composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, disabling stroke, unscheduled clinically-driven target vessel revascularization, valve reintervention, and life threatening or disabling bleeding at 1 year. The TCW trial is powered for noninferiority, and if met, superiority will be tested. Assuming a primary endpoint rate of 30% in the CABG-SAVR arm, with a significance level α of 5%, a noninferiority limit delta of 15% and a loss to follow-up of 2%, a total of 328 patients are needed to obtain a power of 90%. The primary endpoint analysis is performed on an intention-to-treat basis. SUMMARY: The TCW Trial is the first prospective randomized trial that will study if a less invasive percutaneous treatment for severe AS and concomitant advanced CAD (i.e., FFR-guided PCI-TAVI) is noninferior to the guidelines recommended approach (CABG-SAVR).
- MeSH
- aortální chlopeň chirurgie MeSH
- aortální stenóza * komplikace diagnóza chirurgie MeSH
- frakční průtoková rezerva myokardu * MeSH
- koronární angioplastika * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- koronární bypass MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci koronárních tepen * komplikace diagnóza chirurgie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- transkatetrální implantace aortální chlopně * MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
PURPOSE: Left ventricular myocardial work (LVMW) has been shown to better characterize LV function in patients with severe aortic stenosis by correcting LV afterload. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution in LVMW indices after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and their prognostic value. METHODS: The following LVMW indices were calculated before and immediately after TAVR in 255 patients (median age 82 years, 51% male): global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW) and global work efficiency (GWE). The study endpoint was all-cause mortality. RESULTS: After TAVR, LV ejection fraction and LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) did not change significantly (from 56% to 55%, p = 0.470 and from 13.6% to 13.2%, p = 0.068). Concerning LVMW indices, while LV GWW remained unchanged after TAVR (from 247 to 258 mmHg%, p = 0.080), LV GWI, LV GCW, and LV GWE significantly decreased (from 1882 to 1291 mmHg%, p < 0.001, from 2248 to 1671 mmHg%, p < 0.001, and from 89% to 85%, p < 0.001, respectively). During a median follow-up of 59 [40-72] months, 129 patients died. After correcting for potential confounders (sex, diabetes, renal function, atrial fibrillation, Charlson comorbidity index, and pacemaker implantation post-TAVR), post-TAVR LV GLS, GWI, and GCW remained independently associated with all-cause mortality. However, post-TAVR LV GWI demonstrated the highest increase in model predictivity. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing TAVR, LVMW parameters significantly change after intervention. LV GWI after TAVR showed the strongest association with all-cause mortality among both conventional and advanced parameters of LV systolic function both pre- and post-TAVR and might enable better risk stratification of these patients after intervention.
- MeSH
- aortální stenóza * chirurgie patofyziologie komplikace MeSH
- dysfunkce levé srdeční komory patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování etiologie MeSH
- echokardiografie metody MeSH
- funkce levé komory srdeční fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- srdeční komory diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- tepový objem fyziologie MeSH
- transkatetrální implantace aortální chlopně * metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cíl: Cílem naší studie bylo zkoumat případnou souvislost mezi degenerací aortální chlopně (aortic valve, AV) a funkcí levé komory srdeční (left ventricle, LV) a zda se taková souvislost následně projevuje na hodnotách biomarkerů. Metody: Do studie bylo zařazeno 42 po sobě následujících pacientů s degenerativním postižením AV a 25 kontrolních jedinců. Aortální chlopně byly podle typu degenerace rozděleny na chlopně se stenotickými a sklerotickými změnami. U všech pacientů bylo před bicyklovou ergometrií v pozici pololeže a následně po ní provedeno vyšetření metodami dvoudimenzionální (2D) jícnové echokardiografie a 2D speckle tracking echokardiografie (STE). Sledovali jsme rovněž souvislost mezi sklerotickým postižením aorty a hodnoty biomarkerů, jako jsou galektin-3, troponin T stanovený metodou s vysokou citlivostí (high-sensitive [hs] troponin-T), C-reaktivní protein (CRP) a pro-BNP. Výsledky: Celkový longitudinální strain (global longitudinal strain, GLS) LK byl při maximální zátěži a v době zotavování statisticky významně horší u pacientů s degenerovanou AV než u kontrol. Při bazální zátěži a maximální zátěži i v období zotavování byly u pacientů s degenerovanou AV - ve srovnání s kontrolami - statisticky významně více postižené i rezervoárová a konduitní funkce levé síně. Hodnoty CRP, hs-troponinu T a pro-BNP byly ve skupinách s degenerovanou AV statisticky významně vyšší než u kontrol. Hodnota LV GLS korelovala negativně s hodnotami CRP a E/e' při maximální zátěži i s průměrnými transvalvulárními tlakovými gradienty u AV v klidu a při maximální zátěži. Multivariační lineární regresní analýza prokázala, že hodnoty CRP a průměrné transvalvulární tlakové gradienty u AV při maximální zátěži jsou nezávislými prediktory LV GLS. Závěry: Přes normální funkci LV nejenže dochází u pacientů s aortální sklerózou k významnému zhoršení LV GLS, tato změna je výraznější při maximální zátěži. Z výsledků naší studie lze usuzovat, že STE představuje spolehlivý nástroj pro časnou detekci poruchy funkce LV pacientů s aortální sklerózou.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore the association between aortic valve (AV) degeneration and left ventricular (LV) functions and its relation with biomarkers. Methods: Forty-two consecutive patients with degenerative AV disease and 25 controls were included. Degenerative AV were divided into stenotic and sclerotic valves. All patients underwent a two-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography and 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) before and after semi-supine bicycle exercise test. We also evaluated the association between aortic sclerosis and biomarkers such as galactine-3, high-sensitive (hs) troponin-T, C-reactive protein (CRP) and pro-BNP. Results: LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) was significantly impaired in degenerative AV patients than control at peak exercise and recovery period. Left atrial reservoir and conduit functions were also significantly impaired in degenerative AV patients than control at basal, peak exercise, and recovery period. CRP, hs-troponin T, and pro-BNP were significantly higher in degenerative valve groups than controls. LV-GLS was inversely correlated with CRP levels, E/e' at peak exercise, mean transvalvular aortic pressure gradients at rest and peak exercise. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that CRP levels and mean transvalvular aortic pressure gradients at peak exercise were independent predictors of LV-GLS at peak exercise. Conclusions: Despite normal LV function, LV-GLS is not only significantly impaired in patients with aortic sclerosis but also the impairment is more pronounced during peak exercise. Results of the present study suggest that STE is a reliable tool in early detection on LV impairment in patients with aortic sclerosis. Klíčové slovo: Degenerace aortální chlopně
OBJECTIVE: Current guidelines recommend use of heart valve centres (HVCs) to deliver optimal quality of care for patients with valve disease but there is no evidence to support this. The hypothesis of this study is that patient care with severe aortic stenosis (AS) will differ in HVCs compared with satellite centres. We aimed to compare the treatment of patients with AS at HVCs (tertiary care hospitals with full access to AS interventions) to satellites (hospitals without such access). METHODS: IMPULSE enhanced is a European, observational, prospective registry enrolling consecutive patients with newly diagnosed severe AS at four HVCs and 10 satellites. Clinical characteristics, interventions performed and outcomes up to 1 year by site-type were examined. RESULTS: Among 790 patients, 594 were recruited in HVCs and 196 in satellites. At baseline, patients in HVCs had more severe valve disease (higher peak aortic velocity (4.3 vs 4.1 m/s; p=0.008)) and greater comorbidity (coronary artery disease (CAD) (44% vs 27%; p<0.001) prior myocardial infarction (MI) (11% vs 5.1%; p=0.011) and chronic pulmonary disease (17% vs 8.9%; p=0.007)) than those presenting in satellites. An aortic valve replacement was performed more often by month 3 in HVCs than satellites in the overall population (52.6% of vs 31.3%; p<0.001) and in symptomatic patients (66.7% vs 43.2%, p<0.001). One-year survival rate was higher for patients in HVCs than satellites (HR2.19; 95% CI 1.28 to 3.73 total population and 2.89 (95%CI 1.64 to 5.11) for symptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the implementation of referral pathways that direct patients to HVCs performing both surgery and transcatheter interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03112629.
- MeSH
- aortální chlopeň diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- aortální stenóza * diagnóza chirurgie komplikace MeSH
- centra sekundární péče MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- transkatetrální implantace aortální chlopně * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Črevný mikrobióm je prepojený s vývojom jednotlivých ochorení. U pacientov s kongestívnym srdcovým zlyhávaním (SZ) sa vyvíja edém črevnej steny pre venóznu kongesciu, ktorá narúša absorpčnú funkciu a povoľuje bakteriálne prerastanie. Následne patogénne baktérie produkujú mnoho škodlivých substancií vrátane trimetylamín-N-oxidu (TMAO) a endotoxínu (LPS - lipopolysacharid), ktoré vedú k zhoršeniu SZ. Tieto objavy viedli k hypotéze o osi srdce-črevá pri SZ. Vysoké hladiny TMAO prítomné u pacientov so SZ predisponujú k vyššej dlhodobej mortalite, dokonca aj po korelácii s tradičnými rizikovými faktormi a kardiorenálnymi indexami. Väčšina LPS je generovaná črevným mikrobiómom, pričom osteogénna odpoveď pri aortálnej stenóze na LPS stimuláciu intersticiálnych chlopňových buniek je úzko prepojená so zápalom a imunitou. Koncentrácia výskumu na črevný mikrobióm môže poskytnúť nové náhľady pri skúmaní nových terapeutických cieľov srdcového zlyhávania a aortálnej stenózy.
The gut microbiome is linked to the development of individual diseases. Patients with congestive heart failure (HF) develop intestinal wall edema due to venous congestion, which impairs absorption function and allows bacterial overgrowth. Consequently, the pathogenous bacterial strains produce many harmful substances, including trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and endotoxin (LPS - lipopolysaccharide), which lead to deterioration of HF. These discoveries led to hypothesis about the heart-bowel axis. High levels of TMAO present in patients with HF predispose to higher long-term mortality, even after correlation with traditional risk factors and cardiorenal indices. Most LPS is generated by the intestinal microbiome, and the osteogenic response in aortic stenosis to LPS stimulation of valve interstitial cells (VIC) is closely linked to inflammation and immunity. Thus, the concentration of intestinal microbiome research may provide new insights into the investigation of new therapeutic targets for HF and aortic stenosis.
Severe aortic stenosis can be accompanied by various degrees of left ventricular underdevelopment. The assessment whether a borderline-sized left ventricle can or cannot support the systemic circulation is crucial. The decision-making still remains challenging. We present a case that illustrates that the development of haemodynamic parameters can be difficult to estimate, even in the long term. The patient went from biventricular to univentricular circulation and back and could finally be palliated by heart transplantation. Modern technology including long-term mechanical cardiac support as a bridge to candidacy and drug therapy for pulmonary hypertension were vital to successfully combat a previously lethal disease.
OBJECTIVE: There are no data about the prevalence of silent coronary artery disease in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis patients with normal exercise testing. Importantly, unmasking significant coronary artery disease in patients with aortic stenosis could influence the choice/timing of treatment in these patients. METHOD: Exercise testing was performed on semi-supine ergobicycle. Cardiopulmonary analysis during exercise testing, echocardiography, and laboratory analysis at rest was done. Standard clinical/electrocardiography criteria were assessed for symptoms/signs of ischemia during/after exercise testing. In patients with normal exercise testing coronary angiography was performed using standard femoral/radial percutaneous approach. Coronary stenosis was considered significant if >70% of vessel diameter or 50%-70% with fractional flow reserve ≤0.8. RESULTS: Total of 96 patients with normal exercise testing were included (67.6 years, 50.6% males). No patient had any complication or adverse event. The Pmean was 52.7 mmHg, mean indexed aortic valve area was 0.36 cm/m and left ventricular ejection fraction, 69.5%. 19/96 patients (19.8%) had significant coronary artery disease on coronary angiography. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed brain natriuretic peptide and blood glucose as independent predictors of silent coronary artery disease. Brain natriuretic peptide value of 118 pg/ml had sensitivity/specificity of 63%/73% for predicting coronary artery disease (area under the curve 0.727, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Our results are the first to show that in patients with severe aortic stenosis, normal left ventricular ejection fraction,, and normal exercise testing, significant coronary artery disease is present in as many as 1/5 patients. In such patients, further prospective studies are warranted to address the diagnostic value of brain natriuretic peptide in detecting silent coronary artery disease.
- MeSH
- aortální stenóza komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- asymptomatické nemoci * MeSH
- koronární angiografie MeSH
- koronární stenóza komplikace diagnóza epidemiologie metabolismus MeSH
- krevní glukóza metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- logistické modely MeSH
- natriuretický peptid typu B metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci koronárních tepen komplikace diagnóza epidemiologie metabolismus MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- zátěžový test MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Článek se zabývá problematikou léčby I. linie metastatického BRAF-mutovaného maligního melanomu u pacientky se značně pokročilým onemocněním a významnými komorbiditami. Případ popsaný v článku popisuje praktickou zkušenost s výbornou a rychlou odpovědí na léčbu pembrolizumabem.
The article deals with the issue of first-line treatment of metastatic BRAF-mutated malignant melanoma in a female patient with fairly advanced disease and significant comorbidities. The case report describes practical experience with an excellent and rapid response to treatment with pembrolizumab.
- Klíčová slova
- pembrolizumab, odložená léčba,
- MeSH
- aortální stenóza komplikace MeSH
- celotělové zobrazování MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- imunoterapie MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- kontraindikace léčebného výkonu MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melanom * farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- metastázy nádorů diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- methimazol aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádory jater diagnostické zobrazování sekundární MeSH
- nádory plic sekundární MeSH
- PET/CT MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- protinádorové látky imunologicky aktivní aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tyreotoxikóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Transkatétrová implantace aortální chlopně (TAVI) je zavedená léčebná metoda u pacientů se symptomatickou těžkou aortální stenózou, pro které je chirurgická náhrada aortální chlopně vysoce nebo středně riziková. Naprostá většina těchto výkonů je prováděna u pacientů bez známek akutní dekompenzace srdečního selhání. V následujícím textu prezentujeme úspěšnou TAVI u pacientky v kardiogenním šoku.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an established treatment option in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, who are at high or intermediate risk for surgical aortic valve replacement. The vast majority of TAVI are performed on patients without acute decompensated heart failure. In this case report we present the successful TAVI in a patient with a cardiogenic shock.
- Klíčová slova
- transkatetrová implantace aortální chlopně (TAVI),
- MeSH
- aortální stenóza diagnostické zobrazování epidemiologie chirurgie komplikace krev MeSH
- chirurgická náhrada chlopně * metody MeSH
- kardiogenní šok MeSH
- katetrizace * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH