- MeSH
- azbest škodlivé účinky MeSH
- azbestóza * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci z povolání epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- zprávy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: In the Czech Republic, asbestos has been classified as a known human carcinogen since 1984. The use of asbestos-containing products was limited to scenarios where the use of other materials was not possible. Since 1997, the manufacture of asbestos materials has been forbidden, and in 1999, the import, manufacture and distribution of all types of asbestos fibres was legally banned by Act No. 157/1998 Coll. Although the use of asbestos is forbidden, the risk of exposure still exists given the ongoing demolition and reconstruction of buildings in which asbestos has been used. In addition, a novel risk has arisen through the quarrying of asbestos-containing aggregates and their subsequent use. The aim of this paper was to describe and evaluate asbestos in terms of history, legislation, current risk of occupational exposure and its health consequences in the Czech Republic over the last three decades. METHODS: This retrospective descriptive study used the collected data on occupational exposure and occupational diseases. The counts of workers occupationally exposed to asbestos were obtained from the Registry of Work Categorization; the numbers and structure of occupational diseases caused by asbestos were taken from the Czech National Registry of Occupational Diseases. Data on the total number of mesothelioma cases recorded in the Czech National Cancer Registry was provided by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic. RESULTS: A total of 13,112 subjects were registered as occupationally exposed to asbestos during the period 2001-2020. A total of 687 cases of asbestos-related occupational diseases were reported in the period 1991-2020 in the Czech Republic, comprising 178 cases of asbestosis, 250 cases of pleural hyalinosis, 168 cases of pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma, 90 cases of lung cancer, and one case of laryngeal cancer. The data from the Czech National Cancer Registry, available for a shorter period (1991-2018), reveal 1,389 cases of mesothelioma, of which only ~11% were recognised as occupational, despite the fact that the occupational causality of mesotheliomas is estimated to be up to 90% of mesotheliomas. Moreover, the latency of mesotheliomas since the last occupational exposure reached up to 50 years and this trend is still slightly increasing, unlike asbestosis, where a high cumulative dose of inhaled asbestos is needed. The real proportion of occupational lung cancers may obviously be even higher, especially in smokers, where occupational causes including asbestos are not suspected by most physicians. CONCLUSION: Czech data on asbestos-related occupational diseases, especially cancers, are grossly underestimated, which is most apparent through the low proportion of mesotheliomas diagnosed as occupational. Asbestos materials in older buildings remained in situ and may represent a danger during reconstruction works. The current source of exposure appears to be quarrying of asbestos-containing aggregate and its subsequent use. Awareness of the professional community is therefore crucial, not only for the possibility of compensating those affected, but also for the early detection of the diseases through the dispensary of exposed persons.
- MeSH
- azbest * toxicita MeSH
- azbestóza epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezoteliom epidemiologie MeSH
- nádory plic epidemiologie MeSH
- nemoci z povolání * epidemiologie MeSH
- pracovní expozice * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- azbest * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- azbestóza epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci z povolání * epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Vznik mnoha onemocnění respiračního systému může být způsoben látkami z pracovního prostředí. Článek seznamuje s aktuálním spektrem nemocí dýchacích cest, plic a pohrudnice, které byly v České republice ohlášeny v letech 2009 až 2013 národnímu registru jako nemoci z povolání. Bylo uznáno 1 159 profesních nemocí respiračního systému. Mezi nimi dominovaly 37,2 % pneumokonióza uhlokopa a 20,0 % profesní astma. Následovaly nemoci způsobené azbestem (12,5 %), silikóza (11,8 %) a řada dalších onemocnění. Autor seznamuje s jejich příčinami, rizikovými faktory, výskytem a trendy.
Occupational respiratory diseases are caused by exposure to harmful substances in the work-place. This paper presents the profile of occupational lung disorders in the Czech Republic in the years 2009–2013. A total of 1159 new cases were recorded., of which 37.2% were coalworkers'pneumoconioses, 20.0 % was occupational asthma, the rest was divided between asbestos-related disorders (12.5%), silicosis (11.8%) and variety of other respiratory diseases (18.5 %). The author analyses structure, causes, occurrence, and trends of occupational diseases.
- Klíčová slova
- profesní astma,
- MeSH
- antrakóza diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- azbest škodlivé účinky MeSH
- azbestóza diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- bronchiální astma epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc etiologie MeSH
- hypersenzitivní pneumonitida epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- inhalační expozice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory plic etiologie MeSH
- nádory epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy * etiologie MeSH
- nemoci pleury diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- nemoci z povolání * epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- pneumokonióza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- profesionální astma epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- radioaktivní znečišťující látky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- silikóza diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
AIMS: Pleural mesothelioma is a highly aggressive and difficult-to-treat form of cancer induced by asbestos in 80-90% of cases. The population group most at risk of the condition are asbestos-exposed workers. Mesothelin or soluble mesothelin-related protein (SMRP) is studied as a potential marker of mesothelioma in the at-risk population. METHODS: The study comprised 239 subjects with a mean duration of occupational exposure to asbestos of 19.9 years. In all of them, a complete medical history was taken, focused on exposure duration and a physical examination, a chest X-ray or other imaging investigations and a lung function test were performed. Their serum SMRP levels were measured and biopsy samples were taken to diagnose pleural disease. Based on the above examinations, the subjects were classified into subgroups and serum SMRP concentrations were statistically analyzed with respect to individual parameters. RESULTS: In asbestos-exposed individuals, mesothelin levels were significantly higher in those with pathological X-ray findings than in those with normal X-ray results (0.78 ± 0.63 vs. 0.50 ± 0.35, P<0.0001). The group of patients with benign disease had statistically significantly higher mesothelin levels than those with normal X-ray findings (0.755 ± 0.543 vs. 0.50 ± 0.35, P<0.001). In the group with present malignant processes, mesothelin levels were higher than in individuals with benign disease (1.19 ± 0.89 vs. 0.76 ± 0.54, P=0.015). Only a weak correlation was found between mesothelin levels and asbestos exposure duration. There were relatively high sensitivity and high specificity (75% and 90.6%, respectively) of serum mesothelin for pleural mesothelioma. However, given the small number of mesothelioma cases in the group, the results cannot be considered as statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In persons followed up for asbestos exposure, increased mesothelin levels signalize pathological processes in the chest and correlate with severity of the disease. The study suggests that mesothelin cannot be considered a reliable marker for the early stage of malignant degeneration of pleural disease but only an additional criterion for examination of the followed-up individuals.
- MeSH
- azbest škodlivé účinky MeSH
- azbestóza krev komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- GPI-vázané proteiny krev MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezoteliom krev epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery krev MeSH
- nádory pleury krev epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- nádory plic krev epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- ROC křivka MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
Mezi nemocemi z povolání dýchacích cest, plic a pohrudnice které byly v roce 2008 uznány v České republice za nemoci z povolání, dominovaly 48% podílem nemoci způsobené prachem s obsahem volného krystalického oxidu křemičitého – uhlokopská pneumokonióza a silikóza před profesionálním astmatem a alergickou rýmou (32 %), nemocemi z azbestu (16 %). Autoři se zabývají současnými posudkovými postoji a názory odborníků na zásady diagnostiky nemocí z povolání.
Diseases caused by dust containing free crystalic silicic oxide (coal mine pneumoconiosis and silicosis) prevailed by 48% above professional asthma and allergic rhinitis (32%) and diseases from asbestos (16%) among diseases of respiratory pathways, lungs and pleura acknowledged as occupational diseases in the Czech Republic in 2008. The authors deal with current review attitudes and opinions of experts on principles of diagnostics of occupational diseases.
- MeSH
- azbestóza epidemiologie MeSH
- bronchiální astma epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy MeSH
- nemoci z povolání diagnóza MeSH
- pneumokonióza dějiny epidemiologie radiografie MeSH
- pracovní lékařství MeSH
- silikóza dějiny epidemiologie radiografie MeSH
- zákonodárství lékařské MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Asbestos manufacturing has been banned in the Czech Republic; however, about 280 workers in the 2nd-4th work category have been exposed during the remediation of asbestos, and the health consequences of the former use of asbestos will be apparent for many years. The incidence of mesothelioma in the Czech Republic is about 0.5/100,000 inhabitants, which places it among the lowest incidences of mesothelioma in Europe, and ranks the Czech Republic among the countries with the lowest rates in the world. The proportion of occupational mesotheliomas is only about one-tenth of these malignancies. These data show an underreporting of occupational cancers, most probably due to low awareness of the association of exposures more than 40 years ago with this disease. Physicians should focus more on the occupational history of these patients and refer them to the Departments of occupational diseases. Benefits are available for all patients with mesothelioma, in whom industrial hygienists confirm former exposure to asbestos, corresponding to the latency period.
- MeSH
- azbest škodlivé účinky MeSH
- azbestóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezoteliom epidemiologie chemicky indukované MeSH
- nádory plic epidemiologie chemicky indukované MeSH
- nemoci z povolání epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Silica and asbestos exposure are thought to belong to the triggering factors of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. We carried out a study to find out whether patients with pulmonary involvement attributable to ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) have been exposed to silicon-containing materials. Thirty-one patients (12 women, 19 men, median age 51 years) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Occupational exposure to silicon-containing chemicals was reported by 22.6% of the patients (12.9% to SiO2, 9.7% to asbestos), compared with 0% of control subjects (p<0.05). Our findings support the pathophysiologic role of silica in AAV.
- MeSH
- azbest škodlivé účinky MeSH
- azbestóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kožní leukocytoklastická vaskulitida epidemiologie etiologie imunologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- oxid křemičitý škodlivé účinky MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- protilátky proti cytoplazmě neutrofilů imunologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- silikóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- azbest MeSH
- azbestóza diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- nemoci z povolání epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
