The genus Raoultella belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. Raoultella spp. are Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile rods. This genus can be distinguished from the genus Klebsiella, in that genus use histamine as the only source of carbon in the medium. Also, Raoultella grow at 4 °C and do not produce gas from lactose at 44.5 °C. Raoultella sp. is known to inhabit natural environments (water, soil, plants). The reservoir of Raoultella is the gastrointestinal tract and upper respiratory tract. Raoultella spp. are opportunistic bacteria, which usually cause infections of the biliary tract, pneumonia and bacteraemia in oncologic and with lower immunity patients. Raoultella planticola and Raoultella ornithinolytica are the most frequently encountered human pathogens among the genus Raoultella. In this review, the current knowledge on Raoultella infections is summarized.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- bakteriální pneumonie epidemiologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- bakteriemie epidemiologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky MeSH
- cholecystitida epidemiologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Enterobacteriaceae účinky léků izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- enterobakteriální infekce epidemiologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oportunní infekce epidemiologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of biologically active phospholipids (BAP) used in preparations for clinical practice in humans. Until date, except anti-neoplastic ability, little is known about anti-inflammatory property of the phospholipids. METHODS: While the course of bacterially induced acute pneumonia and markers of inflammation were studied in in vivo system in pigs orally supplemented with BAP, the pro- and anti-inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated porcine monocyte-derived macrophages to 24 h- and 48 h-treatment by BAP was investigated in in vitro system. In vivo, the animal health status was monitored and pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-8 in sera were detected by ELISA during the experiment, while bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and the lungs were examined post-mortem. Total and differential counts of white blood cell (WBC) were determined in blood and BALF. In vitro, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL10) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and Arg1) cytokines, and level of activated caspase 1 and phosphorylated protein kinase C epsilon (pPKCϵ), were studied using qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. For the purposes of both systems, 6 animals were used in each of the BAP-supplemented and the control groups. RESULTS: In vivo, BAP had a positive influence on the course of the disease. The immunomodulatory effects of BAP were confirmed by lower levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and a lower WBC count in the supplemented group in comparison with the control group. A lower percentage of lung parenchyma was affected in the supplemented group comparing to the control group (on average, 4% and 34% of tissue, respectively). In vitro, BAP suppressed mRNA expression of mRNA for IL-10 and all pro-inflammatory cytokines tested. This down-regulation was dose- and time-dependent. Arg1 mRNA expression remained unaffected. Further dose- and time-dependent suppression of the activated caspase 1 and pPKCϵ was detected in macrophages when treated with BAP. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that BAP has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, thus emphasizing the potential of this compound as a natural healing agent.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální pneumonie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- bronchoalveolární lavážní tekutina cytologie MeSH
- cytokiny krev MeSH
- fosfolipidethery farmakologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- leukocyty MeSH
- lipopolysacharidy MeSH
- makrofágy účinky léků MeSH
- plíce účinky léků patologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- zánět farmakoterapie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae MeSH
- bakteriální pneumonie imunologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- bronchoalveolární lavážní tekutina cytologie imunologie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Actinobacillus imunologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci prasat imunologie patologie MeSH
- podskupiny lymfocytů imunologie patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
Akutní febrilní stavy bez zjevné příčiny (nejsou odhaleny řádným klinickým vyšetřením a anamnézou) vyžadují včasné rozlišení závažné bakteriální infekce od virového onemocnění...
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- bakteriální infekce diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- bakteriální pneumonie diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- farmakoterapie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meningitida bakteriální diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- pyelonefritida diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- sepse diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- bakteriální pneumonie farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- plicní nemoci farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- recenze MeSH
