Purpose: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a sensitive but unspecific marker for prostate cancer (PC) detection, which may result in harms including overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Therefore, the development of new markers is of absolute value. The urinary level of engrailed-2 (EN2) protein has been recently suggested as a promising PC biomarker, correlating with tumour volume and stage. This study evaluated EN2 and its potential use in clinical practice.Materials and methods: Urinary EN2 was assessed by different commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The study sample included 90 patients with clinically localized PC compared to 30 healthy controls, and a group of 40 patients indicated for prostate biopsy due to an elevated PSA level where both pre- and post-digital rectal examination urine samples were collected.Results: No statistical difference between the patient group and the control group was obtained in all measured variables. There was no significant correlation between urinary EN2 and serum PSA, tumour staging and grading. Attentive DRE did not lead to significant changes of urinary EN2 or impact on its predictive power.Conclusions: Our results show that EN2 as a PC biomarker brings no additional value to the current use of PSA in clinical practice.

• MeSH
• analýza moči MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• homeodoménové proteiny moč   MeSH
• kalikreiny krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery krev   moč   MeSH
• nádory prostaty krev   diagnóza   patologie   moč   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• prostatický specifický antigen krev   MeSH
• proteiny nervové tkáně moč   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• stupeň nádoru MeSH
• tumor burden MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Purpose: To assess the prognostic significance of the nuclear receptor binding SET protein 2 (NSD2), a co-activator of the NFkB-pathway, on tumour progression in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa).Methods: We retrospectively assessed NSD2 expression in 53 patients with metastatic and castration-resistant PCa. Immunohistochemical staining for NSD2 was carried out on specimen obtained from palliative resection of the prostate. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the association between NSD2 expression and PCa progression.Results: Of the 53 patients, 41 had castration-resistant PCa and 48 men had metastases at time of tissue acquisition. NSD2 expression was increased in tumour specimen from 42 patients (79.2%). In univariable Cox regression analyses, NSD2 expression was associated with PSA progression, progression on imaging and overall survival (p = 0.04, respectively). In multivariable analyses, NSD2 expression did not retain its association with these endpoints.Conclusions: NSD2 expression is abnormal in almost 80% of patients with advanced PCa. Expression levels of this epigenetic regulator are easily detected by immunohistochemistry while this biomarker exhibited prognostic value for PCa progression and death in univariable analysis. Further studies on NSD2 involvement in PCa proliferation, progression, metastasis and resistance mechanisms are needed.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• histonlysin-N-methyltransferasa biosyntéza   MeSH
• imunohistochemie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery biosyntéza   MeSH
• nádory prostaty diagnóza   metabolismus   terapie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• prostata metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• represorové proteiny biosyntéza   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Environmental exposure is a growing public health burden associated with several negative health effects. An estimated 4.2 million deaths occur each year from ambient air pollution alone. Biomarkers that reflect specific exposures have the potential to measure the real integrated internal dose from all routes of complex environmental exposure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, have been studied as biomarkers in various diseases and have also shown potential as environmental exposure biomarkers. Here, we review the available human epidemiological and experimental evidence of miRNA expression changes in response to specific environmental exposures including airborne particulate matter. In doing so, we establish that miRNA exposure biomarker development remains in its infancy and future studies will need to carefully consider biological and analytical 'design rules' in order to facilitate clinical translation.

• MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA analýza   MeSH
• pracovní expozice analýza   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To compare chromosomal damage in lymphocytes of individuals who did or did not report first-degree relatives with cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases and controls (68 each) were matched for sex, age and radon exposure. Chromosomal damage was quantified as frequency of micronucleus-containing cells and proportion of centromere-free micronuclei. RESULTS: Individuals not reporting cancer in their families showed lower values of both the frequency of micronucleus-containing cells (n.s.) and the proportion of centromere-free micronuclei (p < 0.05) in some subgroups, but not in all. CONCLUSION: The chromosomal damage observed may be due to inheritable genomic instability, but environmental influences cannot be excluded.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty patologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• mikrojádra chromozomálně defektní * MeSH
• nádory etiologie   genetika   MeSH
• radiační expozice MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zdraví rodiny MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of S100A4 as a biomarker in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). S100A4 levels were measured in 59 patients with early RA and in 41 healthy controls. The association between the S100A4 levels and the treatment outcome after 12 months was determined using multivariate regression analysis. Serum S100A4 levels were significantly higher in the patients with early RA than in the healthy subjects and significantly decreased after 3 months of treatment. Diseases activity at 12 months was significantly higher in female patients who had initially high levels of S100A4. Persistently high S100A4 levels predicted poor treatment outcome and S100A4 may thus represent promising biomarker for assessing treatment response in patients with RA.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metastázy nádorů MeSH
• proteiny S100 krev   MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida krev   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Correlation of increased levels of serum urea and creatinine with retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thinning on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was studied in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Sixty consecutive cases and 20 healthy controls were included. Cases were divided into three groups: without DR, non-proliferative DR with macular oedema and proliferative DR with oedema. Serum urea and creatinine were measured using a standard protocol. Average (RNFL) was measured using SD-OCT. Increased severity of DR was associated with decrease in levels of serum urea and serum creatinine levels. RNFL thinning correlated positively with increase in serum urea and creatinine levels.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• diabetická retinopatie krev   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kreatinin krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• močovina krev   MeSH
• nervová vlákna patologie   MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie MeSH
• retina patologie   MeSH
• rozdělení chí kvadrát MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) can elicit a wide range of toxic properties including embryotoxicity and teratogenicity. OTA crosses the placenta at early gestation rather than in late gestation, maternal OTA exposure may represent a risk for the developing fetus. The study focuses on the assessment of OTA intake of pregnant women (aged 19-40 years) in the first trimester of pregnancy by means OTA levels in 100 blood serum samples by high-performance liquid chromotography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) method and comparison with dietary OTA exposure in pregnant women. Of all, 96% tested serum samples were positive with values ranging from 0.1 to 0.35 µg/l with a mean value of 0.15 µg/l.

• MeSH
• dieta * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fluorescenční spektrometrie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mykotoxiny aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• ochratoxiny krev   MeSH
• první trimestr těhotenství MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion is a common pathway for many diseases in children. The objective of our study was an analysis of Trefoil factor 1 levels dynamics in patients with SIRS or septic condition during a 5-day period. Analysis of TFF1 levels dynamics revealed that TFF1 levels kept steady state during the 5-day period. TFF1 levels were similar in patients with SIRS, sepsis and severe sepsis. Significantly higher levels of TFF1 were in patients with septic shock and MODS.

• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádorové supresorové proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• plocha pod křivkou MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• sepse patologie   MeSH
• střevní sliznice patologie   MeSH
• žaludeční sliznice patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Among ochratoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA) occupies a dominant place and represents significant risk for human and animal health which also implies economic losses around the world. OTA is nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic and immunotoxic mycotoxin. OTA exposure may lead to formation of DNA adducts resulting to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity (human carcinogen of 2B group). Now it seems that OTA could be "a complete carcinogen" which obliges to monitor its presence in biological materials, especially using the suitable biomarkers. In this article, OTA findings in urine, blood, serum, plasma and human kidneys (target dose) in the Czech Republic and comparison with foreign countries are presented.

• MeSH
• karcinogeny metabolismus   farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin MeSH
• ledviny účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko metabolismus   MeSH
• nemoci ledvin etiologie   MeSH
• ochratoxiny metabolismus   farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The aim of study was to examine relationship among levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-13, IL-15, TNF-α) and chemokine (IL-8), production of autoantibodies, radiographic progression, and factors describing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A total of 156 RA patients according to ACR criteria, and 55 control subjects were recruited into study. We observed higher levels of IL-15 within RA patients compared to healthy controls. Correlations among cytokine levels and the measures of rheumatoid factors, anti-CCP, measures of disease activity, and radiographic progression were observed. We conclude that IL-15 level in circulation could serve as one of the biomarkers for RA detection.

• MeSH
• autoprotilátky krev   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• cyklické peptidy imunologie   MeSH
• cytokiny krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• interleukin-15 krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida krev   imunologie   radiografie   MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH