While there is substantial research on what people want in their romantic and sexual partners, much of this work focuses on WEIRD, youthful samples, fails to consider the role of undesirable characteristics (i.e., things people do not want in partners) at all, or in conjunction with desirable characteristics (i.e., things people do want in partners), and may be overly reliant on psychometric approaches to pivotal variables in mating psychology like mate value and sociosexuality. In a nationally representative (online) sample of 2280 people from Czechia (aged between 18 and 50 years old), we examined linear and quadratic age, education, and self-perceived mate value (desirability) effects on the desired levels in mate choice of eight undesirable and seven desirable characteristics in men and women in relation to ostensible metrics of mate value. Self-perceived mate value alone explained little variance (men 1%, women 2%), while all mate value and mating strategy indicators together explained little variance of mate preferences and aversions (men 3%, women 5%). Desirable characteristics were better explained by mate value than undesirable ones. Our results are in line with evolutionary predictions suggesting that women are more demanding. Also, more qualities to offer correlate with more expectations in a partner.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželství psychologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sebepojetí MeSH
• sexuální chování psychologie   MeSH
• sexuální partneři * psychologie   MeSH
• výběrové chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• chování MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželství MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociální hodnoty MeSH
• svobodní MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Mate value is a construct that can be measured in various ways, ranging from complex but difficult-to-obtain ratings all the way to single-item self-report measures. Due to low sample sizes in previous studies, little is known about the relationship between mate value and demographic variables. In this article, we tested the Mate Value Scale, a relatively new, short, 4-item self-report measure in two large samples. In the first sample of over 1,000, mostly college-age participants, the scale was found to be reliable and correlated with criterion variables in expected ways. In the second, larger sample, which included over 21,000 participants, we have tested for differences across demographics. Contrary to theoretical expectations and previous findings with smaller samples, the differences were either very small (sexual orientation, age, education) or small (sex, socioeconomic status, relationship status) in terms of their effect size. This suggests that the scale is not measuring "objective" mate value (as understood either in terms of fitness or actual mating decisions by potential partners on the "market"), but a self-perception of it, open to social comparison, relative standards, possibly even biases, raising questions about measuring self-perceived versus objective mate value.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• psychometrie přístrojové vybavení   normy   MeSH
• sebepojetí * MeSH
• sexuální partneři psychologie   MeSH
• sociální percepce * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

We assessed the relative contribution of economic, personal, and affective power bases to perceived relationship power. Based on evolutionary studies, we predicted that personality dominance and mate value should represent alternative personal power bases. Our sample was comprised of 84 Czech heterosexual couples. We measured the economic power base using self-report scales assessing education, income and work status. Personal power bases were assessed using self-report measures of personality dominance (International Personality Item Pool Dominance and Assertiveness subscale from NEO Personality Inventory-Revised Extraversion scale), and partner-report measures of mate value (Trait-Specific Dependence Inventory, factors 2-6). The first factor of Trait-Specific Dependence Inventory, which measures agreeableness/commitment was used to assess the affective power base. Our results show that perceived relationship power is associated with a perception of partner's high agreeableness/commitment. Moreover, women's personality dominance and mate value are also linked with perceived relationship power, which supports our evolutionary prediction of dominance and mate value working as power bases for women. The stronger effect of women's than men's power bases may be due to gender differences in investment into relationships and/or due to transition to more equal relationships currently sought by women in the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• heterosexualita * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• muži MeSH
• sexuální partneři * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• bydlení MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželství MeSH
• rodina MeSH
• sociální hodnoty MeSH
• svobodní MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Spojené království MeSH

Mate value is an important concept in mate choice research although its operationalization and understanding are limited. Here, we reviewed and evaluated previously established conceptual and methodological approaches measuring mate value and presented original research using individual differences in how people view themselves as a face-valid proxy for mate value in long- and short-term contexts. In data from 41 nations (N = 3895, Mage = 24.71, 63% women, 47% single), we tested sex, age, and relationship status effects on self-perceived mate desirability, along with individual differences in the Dark Triad traits, life history strategies, peer-based comparison of desirability, and self-reported mating success. Both sexes indicated more short-term than long-term mate desirability; however, men reported more long-term mate desirability than women, whereas women reported more short-term mate desirability than men. Further, individuals who were in a committed relationship felt more desirable than those who were not. Concerning the cross-sectional stability of mate desirability across the lifespan, in men, short- and long-term desirability rose to the age of 40 and 50, respectively, and decreased afterward. In women, short-term desirability rose to the age of 38 and decreased afterward, whereas long-term desirability remained stable over time. Our results suggest that measuring long- and short-term self-perceived mate desirability reveals predictable correlates.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• individualita * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• sexuální chování MeSH
• sexuální partneři MeSH
• výběrové chování * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Efavirenz (EFV) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in first-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). It is usually administered with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), many of which are substrates of OCT uptake solute carriers (SLC22A) and MATE (SLC47A), P-gp (MDR1, ABCB1), BCRP (ABCG2), or MRP2 (ABCC2) efflux transporters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory potential of efavirenz towards these transporters and investigate its effects on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a known Oct/Mate substrate, lamivudine, in rats. Accumulation and transport assays showed that efavirenz inhibits the uptake of metformin by OCT1-, OCT2- and MATE1-expressing MDCK cells and reduces transcellular transport of lamivudine across OCT1/OCT2- and MATE1-expressing MDCK monolayers. Only negligible inhibition of MATE2-K was observed in HEK-MATE2-K cells. Efavirenz also reduced the efflux of calcein from MDCK-MRP2 cells, but had a rather weak inhibitory effect on Hoechst 33342 accumulation in MDCK-MDR1 and MDCK-BCRP cells. An in vivo pharmacokinetic interaction study in male Wistar rats revealed that intravenous injection of efavirenz or the control Oct/Mate inhibitor cimetidine significantly reduced the recovery of lamivudine in urine and greatly increased lamivudine retention in the renal tissue. Co-administration with efavirenz or cimetidine also increased the AUC0-∞ value and reduced total body clearance of lamivudine. These data suggest that efavirenz is a potent inhibitor of OCT/Oct and MATE/Mate transporters. Consequently, it can engage in drug-drug interactions that reduce renal excretion of co-administered substrates and enhance their retention in the kidneys, potentially compromising therapeutic safety.

• MeSH
• benzoxaziny farmakologie   MeSH
• buňky MDCK MeSH
• cimetidin farmakologie   MeSH
• eliminace ledvinami MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• inhibitory reverzní transkriptasy farmakokinetika   farmakologie   moč   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lamivudin farmakokinetika   farmakologie   moč   MeSH
• ledviny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metformin metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• plocha pod křivkou MeSH
• poločas MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• proteiny přenášející organické kationty antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny spojené s mnohočetnou rezistencí k lékům antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Manželství v současné době silně konkuruje nesezdané soužití, proto jsme se převážně z demografického a sociologického hlediska zabývali problematikou zmapování změn v manželském chování u respondentů starších 20 let. Pro obšírnější přehled postojů obyvatel ČR k manželství jsme zvolili následující oblasti: subjektivně vnímané funkce manželství, podmínky před sňatkem, motivaci k manželství, očekávání od manželství, komunikaci o potřebách a přáních a rozdělení rolí v manželském vztahu. Ke sběru dat byl použit dotazník vlastní konstrukce založený na důkladné rešerši převážně tuzemské literatury. Získaná data byla testována analýzou hlavních komponent, jednofaktorovou analýzou rozptylu a Tukeyovým testem. Byly zjišťovány signifikantní rozdíly u respondentů 20–39 let a 60 a více let, přičemž tyto intervaly vychází z rozdělení dospělosti od Marie Vágnerové. Vzorek tvořilo celkem 199 respondentů, z toho 149 žen a 50 mužů. V manželství bylo 105 respondentů, svobodných 54, vdovec/vdova 10 respondentů, 12 bylo rozvedených a 18 respondentů mělo druha/družku. Výsledky analýz ukázaly statisticky významné rozdíly mezi respondenty 20–39 let a 60 a více let ve vnímaných funkcích manželství, v podmínkách před sňatkem, očekávání od manželství a rozdělení rolí v manželství.

Marriage is currently in a strong competition with cohabitation, that's why we focused on demographic and sociological aspects of changes in marital behavior among respondents older than 20 years. To get more comprehensive overview of the attitudes of the Czech population to marriage, we chose the following areas: a subjectively percieved function of marriage, the conditions before marriage, the motivation for marriage, the expectations of marriage, the communication about the needs and wishes and distribution of roles in the marital relationship. Data were collected using a questionnaire of our own design based on a thorough research of mainly local literature. The obtained data were tested by the principal component analysis, one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test. We detected significant differences among respondents 20–39 years and respondents 60 and over, where these intervals are based on a division of adulthood by Marie Vágnerová. The sample consisted of 199 respondents (149 women and 50 men). There were 105 respondents in marriage, 54 singles, 10 were widowed, 12 were divorced, and 18 respondents had a companion/mate. Results of the analyses showed statistically significant differences among respondents aged 20–39 years, and 60 or more years in perceived functions of marriage, the conditions before marriage, expectations of marriage and division of roles in marriage.

• MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželství * MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rodičovství MeSH
• rodinné vztahy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Sexually reproducing organisms require males and females to find each other. Increased difficulty of females finding mates as male density declines is the most frequently reported mechanism of Allee effects in animals. Evolving more effective mate search may alleviate Allee effects, but may depend on density regimes a population experiences. In particular, high-density populations may evolve mechanisms that induce Allee effects which become detrimental when populations are reduced and maintained at a low density. We develop an individual-based, eco-genetic model to study how mating systems and fitness trade-offs interact with changes in population density to drive evolution of the rate at which males or females search for mates. Finite mate search rate triggers Allee effects in our model and we explore how these Allee effects respond to such evolution. We allow a population to adapt to several population density regimes and examine whether high-density populations are likely to reverse adaptations attained at low densities. We find density-dependent selection in most of scenarios, leading to search rates that result in lower Allee thresholds in populations kept at lower densities. This mainly occurs when fecundity costs are imposed on mate search, and provides an explanation for why Allee effects are often observed in anthropogenically rare species. Optimizing selection, where the attained trait value minimizes the Allee threshold independent of population density, depended on the trade-off between search and survival, combined with monogamy when females were searching. Other scenarios led to runaway selection on the mate search rate, including evolutionary suicide. Trade-offs involved in mate search may thus be crucial to determining how density influences the evolution of Allee effects. Previous studies did not examine evolution of a trait related to the strength of Allee effects under density variation. We emphasize the crucial role that mating systems, fitness trade-offs and the evolving sex have in determining the density threshold for population persistence, in particular since evolution need not always take the Allee threshold to its minimum value.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• genetická zdatnost * MeSH
• hustota populace MeSH
• modely genetické MeSH
• sexuální výběr u zvířat * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• charakteristiky rodiny dějiny   etnologie   MeSH
• demografie metody   využití   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželství MeSH
• populační dynamika dějiny   MeSH
• populační růst MeSH
• reprodukční chování dějiny   psychologie   MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• rozvod MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• zaměstnanost MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH