BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer. The treatment of GBM consists of a combination of surgery and subsequent oncological therapy, i.e., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or their combination. If postoperative oncological therapy involves irradiation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for radiotherapy treatment planning. Unfortunately, in some cases, a very early worsening (progression) or return (recurrence) of the disease is observed several weeks after the surgery and is called rapid early progression (REP). Radiotherapy planning is currently based on MRI for target volumes definitions in many radiotherapy facilities. However, patients with REP may benefit from targeting radiotherapy with other imaging modalities. The purpose of the presented clinical trial is to evaluate the utility of 11C-methionine in optimizing radiotherapy for glioblastoma patients with REP. METHODS: This study is a nonrandomized, open-label, parallel-setting, prospective, monocentric clinical trial. The main aim of this study was to refine the diagnosis in patients with GBM with REP and to optimize subsequent radiotherapy planning. Glioblastoma patients who develop REP within approximately 6 weeks after surgery will undergo 11C-methionine positron emission tomography (PET/CT) examinations. Target volumes for radiotherapy are defined using both standard planning T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI and PET/CT. The primary outcome is progression-free survival defined using RANO criteria and compared to a historical cohort with REP treated without PET/CT optimization of radiotherapy. DISCUSSION: PET is one of the most modern methods of molecular imaging. 11C-Methionine is an example of a radiolabelled (carbon 11) amino acid commonly used in the diagnosis of brain tumors and in the evaluation of response to treatment. Optimized radiotherapy may also have the potential to cover those regions with a high risk of subsequent progression, which would not be identified using standard-of-care MRI for radiotherapy planning. This is one of the first study focused on radiotherapy optimization for subgroup of patinets with REP. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05608395, registered on 8.11.2022 in clinicaltrials.gov; EudraCT Number: 2020-000640-64, registered on 26.5.2020 in clinicaltrialsregister.eu. Protocol ID: MOU-2020-01, version 3.2, date 18.09.2020.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glioblastom * diagnostické zobrazování terapie diagnóza radioterapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- methionin * MeSH
- nádory mozku * diagnostické zobrazování terapie radioterapie diagnóza MeSH
- PET/CT metody MeSH
- plánování radioterapie pomocí počítače metody MeSH
- progrese nemoci * MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- radiofarmaka terapeutické užití MeSH
- radioizotopy uhlíku MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in the developed world and is predicted to become the second by 2030. A cure may be achieved only with surgical resection of an early diagnosed disease. Surgery for more advanced disease is challenging and can be contraindicated for many reasons. Neoadjuvant therapy may improve the probability of achieving R0 resection. It consists of systemic treatment followed by radiation therapy applied concurrently or sequentially with cytostatics. A novel approach to irradiation, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), has the potential to improve treatment results. SBRT can deliver higher doses of radiation to the tumor in only a few treatment fractions. It has attracted significant interest for pancreatic cancer patients, as it is completed quickly, requires less time away from full-dose chemotherapy, and is well-tolerated than conventional radiotherapy. In this review, we aim to provide the reader with a basic overview of current evidence for SBRT indications in the treatment of pancreatic tumors. In the second part of the review, we focus on practical information with respect to SBRT treatment plan preparation the performance of such therapy. Finally, we discuss future directions related to the use of magnetic resonance linear accelerators.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Background and Objectives: The treatment of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma consists of either perioperative chemotherapy or preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Radiotherapy (RT) in the neoadjuvant setting is associated with a higher probability of resections with negative margins (R0) and better tumor regression rate, which might be enhanced by incrementing RT dose with potential impact on treatment results. This virtual planning study demonstrates the feasibility of increasing the dose to GEJ tumor and involved nodes using PET/CT imaging. Materials and Methods: 16 patients from the chemoradiotherapy arm of the phase II GastroPET study were treated by a prescribed dose of 45.0 Gray (Gy) in 25 fractions. PET/CT was performed before treatment. The prescribed dose was virtually boosted on PET/CT-positive areas to 54.0 Gy by 9 Gy in 5 fractions. Dose-volume histograms (DVH) were compared, and normal tissue complication (NTCP) modeling was performed for both dose schedules. Results: DVHs were exceeded in mean heart dose in one case for 45.0 Gy and two cases for 54.0 Gy, peritoneal space volume criterion V45Gy < 195 ccm in three cases for 54.0 Gy and V15Gy < 825 ccm in one case for both dose schedules. The left lung volume of 25 Gy isodose exceeded 10% in most cases for both schedules. The NTCP values for the heart, spine, liver, kidneys and intestines were zero for both schemes. An increase in NTCP value was for lungs (median 3.15% vs. 4.05% for 25 × 1.8 Gy and 25 + 5 × 1.8 Gy, respectively, p = 0.013) and peritoneal space (median values for 25 × 1.8 Gy and 25 + 5 × 1.8 Gy were 3.3% and 14.25%, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Boosting PET/CT-positive areas in RT of GEJ tumors is feasible, but prospective trials are needed.
Východiska: Glioblastom představuje nejčastější a zároveň nejagresivnější primární mozkový nádor dospělých. Radioterapii podstupuje naprostá většina pacientů s tímto onemocněním. Význam správného konturingu (stanovení cílových objemů) v radioterapii glioblastomů v současnosti stále stoupá. Dvěma základními přístupy ke konturování glioblastomů jsou postup "americký" dle Pracovní skupiny pro radioterapii v onkologii (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group – RTOG), tzv. RTOG contouring approach s definicí dvou cílových objemů, a postup "evropský" dle Evropské organizace pro výzkum a léčbu nádorových onemocnění (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer – EORTC), tzv. EORTC contouring approach s definicí jednoho cílového objemu. Oba přístupy v definování cílových objemů jsou považovány za standardní a v praxi se výběr konkrétního postupu liší i dle zvyklostí daného pracoviště. Významným parametrem hodnocení přístupu ke konturingu je prostorové hodnocení následných recidiv, tzv. patterns of failure (PoF). Cíl: Akademická klinická studie GlioART srovnává RTOG a EORTC přístupy v prospektivním nastavení a se zohledněním všech parametrů nutných pro validní hodnocení následných recidiv – definice recidiv, specifikace MR prokazujícího progresi, specifikace techniky plánované radioterapie, molekulárně biologické charakteristiky glioblastomů, rozsah resekce a lokalizace původního glioblastomu. Cílem tohoto textu je představit zmiňovanou studii GlioART a diskutovat přidružená témata spojená s definováním cílových objemů radioterapie. Závěr: Výsledky akademické studie GlioART mohou definovat doporučení ovlivňující každodenní praxi v radioterapii glioblastomů.
Background: Glioblastoma represents the most common and the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Radiotherapy is indicated in almost all patients suffering with this disease. The importance of valid contouring (target volume definition) in radiotherapy of glioblastomas is currently increasing. The two basic contouring approaches in glioblastoma are the "American" approach of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG contouring approach defining two target volumes) and the "European" approach of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC contouring approach with one target volume). Both mentioned approaches are considered standard of radiotherapy care. In daily radiotherapy practice, a specific contouring procedure is often chosen also according to the convention and tradition of the pertinent workplace. An important parameter in assessing the approach to contouring in radiotherapy is the evaluation of patterns of failure (PoF, spatial evaluation of subsequent relapses). Purpose: The GlioART, academic investigator initiated clinical study, compares the RTOG and EORTC approaches in a prospective setup, taking into account all parameters necessary for valid evaluation of progressions – definition of relapses, MR specification demonstrating progression, planned radiotherapy technique, glioblastoma molecular biological characteristics, resection extent and localization of the original glioblastoma. The aim of this paper is to present the GlioART study and to discuss the associated topics associated with defining the target volumes in radiotherapy.Conclusion: The results of the GlioART trial may define recommendations influencing daily clinical practice in glioblastoma radiotherapy.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Oncologists play a vital role in the interpretation of radiographic results in glioblastoma patients. Molecular pathology and information on radiation treatment protocols among others are all important for accurate interpretation of radiology images. One important issue that may arise in interpreting such images is the phenomenon of tumor "pseudoprogression"; oncologists need to be able to distinguish this effect from true disease progression.Exact knowledge about the location of high-dose radiotherapy region is needed for valid determination of pseudoprogression according to RANO (Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology) criteria in neurooncology. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the radiologists' understanding of a radiotherapy high-dose region in routine clinical practice since radiation oncologists do not always report 3-dimensional isodoses when ordering follow up imaging. METHODS: Eight glioblastoma patients who underwent postresection radiotherapy were included in this study. Four radiologists worked with their pre-radiotherapy planning MR, however, they were blinded to RT target volumes which were defined by radiation oncologists according to current guidelines. The aim was to draw target volume for high dose RT fields (that is the region, where they would consider that there may be a pseudoprogression in future MRI scans). Many different indices describing structure differences were analyzed in comparison with original per-protocol RT target volumes. RESULTS: The median volume for RT high dose field was 277 ccm (range 218 to 401 ccm) as defined per protocol by radiation oncologist and 87 ccm (range 32-338) as defined by radiologists (median difference of paired difference 31%, range 15-112%). The Median Dice index of similarity was 0.46 (range 0.14 - 0.78), the median Hausdorff distance 25 mm. CONCLUSION: Continuing effort to improve education on specific procedures in RT and in radiology as well as automatic tools for exporting RT targets is needed in order to increase specificity and sensitivity in response evaluation.
- MeSH
- dávka záření * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glioblastom patofyziologie radioterapie chirurgie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezisektorová spolupráce MeSH
- nádory mozku radioterapie MeSH
- počítačová simulace normy MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- radiační onkologie normy MeSH
- radiační onkologové MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Východiska: Cílem této retrospektivní studie je zhodnotit na neselektované skupině pacientů z reálné klinické praxe efektivitu a toxicitu extrakraniální stereotaktické radioterapie v léčbě oligometastatického postižení lymfatických uzlin lokalizovaných v mediastinu, retroperitoneu a pánvi. Materiál a metody: Z celkového počtu 50 pacientů léčených v letech 2011–2017 bylo 29 mužů a 21 žen, průměrný věk byl 62 let (medián 66 let, rozmezí 25–81 let). Pacienti byli ozařováni nejčastěji v pěti frakcích; dávka byla volena podle dávkově-objemových histogramů rizikových orgánů v okolí plánovacího cílového objemu. Primárním cílem bylo zhodnocení lo-kální kontroly (local control – LC), doby bez progrese onemocnění (progression-free survival – PFS), doby do vícečetné diseminace neumožňující využití lokálních metod léčby (freedom from widepread dissemination – FFWD) a celkového přežití (overall survival – OS). Rovněž byla zhodnocena akutní a pozdní toxicita léčby. Výsledky: Medián bio logického ekvivalentu dávky při / = 10 (BED10) byl 54 Gy (rozmezí 48–80 Gy). Medián doby sledování byl 40,4 měsíce. LC v 1 roce od ozáření byla 90 %, 3letá 75 %. Mediánu doby do lokální progrese nebylo zatím dosaženo. Pacienti ozáření vyšší dávkou měli signifikantně lepší LC onemocnění než pacienti ozáření dávkou nižší; hranicí byl medián aplikovaných dávek (tj. BED10 = 54 Gy). Lokalizace patologických uzlin na LC signifikantní vliv neměla. Medián PFS byl 8,2 měsíce (95% CI 7,4–11,6 měsíce). Jednoleté PFS bylo 38,5 % a 3leté 17 %. Medián OS byl 37,3 měsíce (95% CI 23,2–51,4 měsíce). Jednoleté OS bylo 83 % a 3leté OS bylo 51 %. Medián FFWD byl 13,6 měsíce (s rozmezím 8,7–18,5 měsíce). Jednoletá FFWD byla 55 % a 3letá FFWD 24 %. Žádný z těchto parametrů (PFS, OS, FFWD) nebyl závislý na aplikované dávce ani na lokalizaci metastáz. Nebyla zaznamenána žádná toxicita III. a IV. stupně. Závěr: Naše studie prokázala, že cílená stereotaktická radioterapie je v případě oligometastatického postižení lymfatických uzlin minimálně toxickou a vysoce efektivní lokální metodou léčby. Je schopna s minimálním úsilím pacienta oddálit indikaci cytotoxické chemoterapie a tím event. zlepšit kvalitu života pacientů. Necelá pětina takto léčených pacientů přežívá bez známek onemocnění dlouhodobě. Identifikace pacientů, kteří mají z této léčby největší prospěch, správné načasování extrakraniální stereotaktické radioterapie v léčebné strategii, popř. velikost dávky by se měly stát předmětem dalších studií.
Background: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of oligometastatic lymph node involvement in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and pelvis in a consecutive group of patients from real clinical practice. Material and methods: Of a total of 50 patients treated between 2011 and 2017, 29 were men and 21 were women, and the mean age was 62 years (median 66 years, range 25–81 years). Patients were most often irradiated in five fractions; the dose was selected according to dose-volume histograms of organs-at-risk in proximity to the planning target volume. The primary objectives were local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), time to multiple dissemination not allowing the use of local treatment methods (freedom from widepread dissemination – FFWD), and overall survival (OS). Acute and delayed toxicity were evaluated as well. Results: The median dose equivalent at α/β = 10 (BED10) was 54 Gy (range 48–80 Gy). The median follow-up period was 40.4 months. LC after irradiation was 90% in 1 year and 75% in 3 years. Median time to local progression was not achieved. Patients irradiated with a high dose had significantly better LC than patients irradiated with a low dose; the cut-off was the median of the applied dose (ie BED10 = 54 Gy). Pathological node localization had no significant effect on LC. The median PFS was 8.2 months (95% CI 7.4–11.6 months). PFS in 1 year was 38.5% and 17% in 3 years. The median OS was 37.3 months (95% CI 23.2–51.4 months).One-year OS was 83% and 3-year OS was 51%. The median FFWD was 13.6 months (range 8.7–18.5 months). The one-year FFWD was 55% and the 3-year FFWD was 24%. None of these parameters (PFS, OS, FFWD) was dose or localization dependent. No grade III or IV toxicity was reported. Conclusion: Our study shows that targeted stereotactic radiotherapy is a very effective low toxic treatment for oligometastatic lymph node involvement. It can delay cytotoxic chemotherapy and thus improve/maintain the quality of life of patients. Approximately one fifth of patients treated with extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy for oligometastatic lymph node involvement survived without signs of disease for prolonged periods. Future studies should aim at identifying patients who would benefit most from this treatment, adjusting the timing of extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy depending on the treatment strategy, and optimizing the dose prescription.
- Klíčová slova
- extrakraniální stereotaktická readioterapie, oligometastázy,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy * radioterapie MeSH
- radiochirurgie metody MeSH
- radioterapie metody MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Postoperative management of patients with brain metastases is controversial. Besides local control, cognitive function and quality of life are the most important outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy. In this case report, we introduce a patient with aggressive recurred solid metastasis treated with repeated surgery and an individual radiotherapy approach in order to highlight that close mutual collaboration leads to a clear benefit for our patients. The local targeted radiotherapy with 35 Gy in 10 fractions was performed with the volumetric modulated arc technique, leading to more than 2.5 years of local control and survival without any of the side effects usually attributed to whole brain radiotherapy.
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
