• MeSH
• Rabbits MeSH
• Brain MeSH
• Radiography methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Tomography methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rabbits MeSH

• Keywords
• Magnetická rezonance,
• MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
• NML Publication type
• monografie

• MeSH
• Physical Phenomena MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

Piezosurgery is a promising meticulous system for bone cutting, based on ultrasound microvibrations. It is thought that the impact of piezosurgery on the integrity of soft tissue is generally low, but it has not been examined critically. The authors undertook an experimental study to evaluate the brain tissue response to skull bone removal using piezosurgery compared with a conventional drilling method. In Wistar male rats, a circular bone window was drilled to the parietal bone using piezosurgery on one side and a conventional bone drill on the other side. The behavioural performance of animals was evaluated using the motor BBB test and sensory plantar test. The brains of animals were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology. The results of MRI showed significantly increased depth and width of the brain lesion in the region of conventional drilling compared with the region where piezosurgery was used. Cresylviolet and NF 160 staining confirmed these findings. There was no significant difference in any of the behavioural tests between the two groups. In conclusion, piezosurgery is a safe method for the performance of osteotomy in close relation to soft tissue, including an extremely injury-sensitive tissue such as brain.

• MeSH
• Astrocytes pathology   MeSH
• Coloring Agents diagnostic use   MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Behavior, Animal physiology   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Locomotion physiology   MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
• Brain pathology   MeSH
• Random Allocation MeSH
• Neurofilament Proteins analysis   MeSH
• Osteotomy instrumentation   methods   MeSH
• Oxazines diagnostic use   MeSH
• Intraoperative Complications prevention & control   MeSH
• Piezosurgery instrumentation   methods   MeSH
• Motor Activity physiology   MeSH
• Brain Injuries prevention & control   MeSH
• Rats, Wistar MeSH
• Parietal Bone surgery   MeSH
• Thermosensing physiology   MeSH
• Hindlimb physiology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

Alien limb phenomenon is a rare syndrome associated with a feeling of non-belonging and disowning toward one's limb. In contrast, anarchic limb phenomenon leads to involuntary but goal-directed movements. Alien/anarchic limb phenomena are frequent in corticobasal syndrome (CBS), an atypical parkinsonian syndrome characterized by rigidity, akinesia, dystonia, cortical sensory deficit, and apraxia. The structure-function relationship of alien/anarchic limb was investigated in multi-centric structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Whole-group and single-subject comparisons were made in 25 CBS and eight CBS-alien/anarchic limb patients versus controls. Support vector machine was used to see if CBS with and without alien/anarchic limb could be distinguished by structural MRI patterns. Whole-group comparison of CBS versus controls revealed asymmetric frontotemporal atrophy. CBS with alien/anarchic limb syndrome versus controls showed frontoparietal atrophy including the supplementary motor area contralateral to the side of the affected limb. Exploratory analysis identified frontotemporal regions encompassing the pre-/and postcentral gyrus as compromised in CBS with alien limb syndrome. Classification of CBS patients yielded accuracies of 79%. CBS-alien/anarchic limb syndrome was differentiated from CBS patients with an accuracy of 81%. Predictive differences were found in the cingulate gyrus spreading to frontomedian cortex, postcentral gyrus, and temporoparietoocipital regions. We present the first MRI-based group analysis on CBS-alien/anarchic limb. Results pave the way for individual clinical syndrome prediction and allow understanding the underlying neurocognitive architecture.

• MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
• Brain diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Parkinsonian Disorders diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Alien Limb Phenomenon diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Deep learning has recently been utilized with great success in a large number of diverse application domains, such as visual and face recognition, natural language processing, speech recognition, and handwriting identification. Convolutional neural networks, that belong to the deep learning models, are a subtype of artificial neural networks, which are inspired by the complex structure of the human brain and are often used for image classification tasks. One of the biggest challenges in all deep neural networks is the overfitting issue, which happens when the model performs well on the training data, but fails to make accurate predictions for the new data that is fed into the model. Several regularization methods have been introduced to prevent the overfitting problem. In the research presented in this manuscript, the overfitting challenge was tackled by selecting a proper value for the regularization parameter dropout by utilizing a swarm intelligence approach. Notwithstanding that the swarm algorithms have already been successfully applied to this domain, according to the available literature survey, their potential is still not fully investigated. Finding the optimal value of dropout is a challenging and time-consuming task if it is performed manually. Therefore, this research proposes an automated framework based on the hybridized sine cosine algorithm for tackling this major deep learning issue. The first experiment was conducted over four benchmark datasets: MNIST, CIFAR10, Semeion, and UPS, while the second experiment was performed on the brain tumor magnetic resonance imaging classification task. The obtained experimental results are compared to those generated by several similar approaches. The overall experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods included in the comparative analysis in terms of classification error and accuracy.

• MeSH
• Algorithms MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
• Brain Neoplasms * MeSH
• Neural Networks, Computer * MeSH
• Handwriting MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

BACKGROUND: The paper deals with joint analysis of fMRI and scalp EEG data, simultaneously acquired during event-related oddball experiment. The analysis is based on deriving temporal sequences of EEG powers in individual frequency bands for the selected EEG electrodes and using them as regressors in the general linear model (GLM). NEW METHOD: Given the infrequent use of EEG spectral changes to explore task-related variability, we focused on the aspects of parameter setting during EEG regressor calculation and searched for such parameters that can detect task-related variability in EEG-fMRI data. We proposed a novel method that uses relative EEG power in GLM. RESULTS: Parameter, the type of power value, has a direct impact as to whether task-related variability is detected or not. For relative power, the final results are sensitive to the choice of frequency band of interest. The electrode selection also has certain impact; however, the impact is not crucial. It is insensitive to the choice of EEG power series temporal weighting step. Relative EEG power characterizes the experimental task activity better than the absolute power. Absolute EEG power contains broad spectrum component. Task-related relative power spectral formulas were derived. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: For particular set of parameters, our results are consistent with previously published papers. Our work expands current knowledge by new findings in spectral patterns of different brain processes related to the experimental task. CONCLUSIONS: To make analysis to be sensitive to task-related variability, the parameters type of power value and frequency band should be set properly.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Electroencephalography MeSH
• Oxygen MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
• Brain Mapping * MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Brain blood supply   physiology   MeSH
• Brain Waves physiology   MeSH
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
• Spectrum Analysis * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

The main goal of this paper is to propose application of modern multidimensional systems identification algorithms of the subspace identification theory in the context of fMRI data analysis. The methods originated in 1990s in the field of process control and identification and yield robust linear model parameter estimates for systems with many inputs, outputs and states. Our ultimate goal is to establish an alternative to the DCM analysis procedure which would eliminate its main drawbacks, namely the need to pre-define the models structure. The paper discusses results based on simulated data provided by the DCM simulator in the SPM toolbox. Several scenarios are presented, with varying amount of noise and number of data samples.

• MeSH
• Algorithms MeSH
• Electronic Data Processing MeSH
• Bayes Theorem MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Oxygen metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods   MeSH
• Brain Mapping methods   MeSH
• Brain metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Computer Simulation MeSH
• Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
• Software MeSH
• Models, Statistical MeSH
• Models, Theoretical MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Představujeme kazuistiku 34leté pacientky, heterozygotky Leidenské mutace, postižené autozomálně dominantní polycystickou chorobou ledvin (AD PCKD), přijaté pro náhle vzniklé symptomy netraumatické inkompletní transverzální míšní léze v úrovni Th4-5. Vstupní zobrazení mozku a celé míchy magnetickou rezonancí (MR) neprokázalo žádné ložiskové změny. Pomocí CT angiografie jsme vyloučili disekci aorty. V likvoru byl normální nález. Třetího dne se na kontrolní MR hrudní míchy vykreslilo ložisko myelopatie přibližně v úrovni Th5. Pátého dne bylo toto ložisko již bez podstatného vývoje. Dle klinického průběhu a výsledků komplementárních vyšetření jsme stav hodnotili jako míšní ischemii. Doplněná transezofageální echokardiografie a bubble test prokázaly high­‐grade permanentní pravo-levý zkrat při otevřeném foramen ovale (FOP). Další laboratorní a zobrazovací vyšetření k objasnění etiologie byla negativní. Byla indikována okluze FOP. Pacientka rehabilitovala a její zdravotní stav se postupně zlepšoval.

We present a case report of a 34-year-old female patient, heterozygote f.V Leiden, affected by autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (AD PCKD), admitted for sudden onset of symptoms of a non-traumatic incomplete transverse spinal cord lesion at the Th4-5 level. Initial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain and whole spinal cord showed no focal changes. CT angiography was used to exclude aortic dissection. The CSF showed normal findings. On the third day, a follow-up MRI of the thoracic spinal cord showed a focus of myelopathy at approximately Th5 level. On the fifth day, this lesion was no longer significantly developed. We assessed the condition as spinal cord ischemia based on the clinical course and the results of complementary examinations. The supplementary transesophageal echocardiography and bubble test revealed a high-grade, permanent right-to-left shunt with a patent foramen ovale (FOP). Further laboratory and imaging investigations to clarify the aetiology of spinal cord infractions were negative. FOP occlusion was indicated. The patient was rehabilitated and her condition gradually improved.

• MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Foramen Ovale, Patent diagnosis   complications   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods   MeSH
• Spinal Cord Ischemia * diagnosis   etiology   classification   rehabilitation   MeSH
• Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant diagnosis   MeSH
• Prednisone pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Pregabalin pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Thrombophilia diagnosis   genetics   complications   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

Predmetom publikácie je komplexné spektrálne a fyzikálno- chemické hodnotenie mono[{3-[4-(2-etoxyetoxy)- benzoyloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl}-terc-butylamónium] fumarátu, potenciálneho ultrakrátko pôsobiaceho blokátora ß1-adrenergných receptorov. Totožnosť hodnotenej zlúčeniny (pracovne označenej ako UPB-2) bola potvrdená 1H-, 13C-NMR a IR spektrami. V rámci stanovenia základných fyzikálno-chemických charakteristík bola určená hodnota teploty topenia, rozpustnosť v spektre rozpúšťadiel, čistota (adsorpčná chromatografia na tenkej vrstve), povrchová aktivita (nepriama Traubeho stalagmometrická metóda), acidobázické charakteristiky (hodnota pKa stanovená alkalimetrickou titráciou), hodnoty log ε (spektrofotometricky v UV/ /VIS oblasti), ako aj hodnotenie vplyvu kyslého a zásaditého prostredia na stabilitu UPB-2. Ďalšími experimentálne stanovenými parametrami boli lipohydrofilné deskriptory určené pomocou RP-HPLC (log k’), shake flask metódou stanovené hodnoty rozdeľovacích koeficientov Pexp (resp. log Pexp) v rôznych rozdeľovacích systémoch. Na základe log Pexp-údajov bola predpovedaná schopnosť UPB-2 prechádzať cez hematoencefalickú bariéru. Pre stanovenie obsahu UPB-2 bola aplikovaná RP-HPLC (reversed-phase HPLC) metóda vnútorného štandardu a UV/VIS spektrofotometria pri vlnovej dĺžke 260 nm (vodné prostredie) a 258 nm (prostredie metanolu).

The present paper aims at a complex spectral and physicochemical evaluation of mono[{3-[4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)- benzoyloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl}-tert-butylammonium] fumarate, the potential ultra-short acting blocker of ß1-adrenergic receptors. The identity of the evaluated compound (labelled as UPB-2) was confirmed by 1H-, 13C-NMR and IR spectral data as well. The estimated physicochemical parameters included melting point data, solubility in various media, purity checking (adsorption thin-layer chromatography), surface activity determination (non- -direct Traube stalagmometric method), acidobasic characteristics (pKa value determination by alkalimetric titration), log ε values estimation (spectrophotometrically in UV/VIS region) and a study of the influence of acidic and alkaline media towards the stability of UPB-2. Other experimentally estimated values were lipohydrophilic descriptors using RP- -HPLC (log k’) and the log Pexps in various lipohydrophilic media by the shake flask method. Based on the log Pexp readouts, the ability to permeate across the brain-blood barrier was predicted. For the content determination of UBP-2 the RP-HPLC (reversed-phase HPLC), the method of an internal standard and UV/VIS spectrophotometry at the wavelength of 260 nm (aqueous medium) and at 258 nm (methanolic medium) was applied.

• MeSH
• Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists analysis   MeSH
• Adrenergic beta-Antagonists analysis   MeSH
• Chemistry Techniques, Analytical MeSH
• Chromatography, Thin Layer MeSH
• Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH