• MeSH
• Organelle Biogenesis MeSH
• Cannabis analysis   MeSH

• MeSH
• Organelle Biogenesis MeSH

• Conspectus
• Biologické vědy
• NML Fields
• biologie

• MeSH
• Organelle Biogenesis MeSH
• Cilia MeSH
• Endoplasmic Reticulum MeSH
• Lysosomes MeSH
• Mitochondria MeSH
• Organelles MeSH
• Peroxisomes MeSH
• Ribonucleoproteins MeSH
• Publication type
• Collected Work MeSH

• Conspectus
• Biologické vědy
• NML Fields
• biologie

• MeSH
• Organelle Biogenesis MeSH
• Cell Nucleus MeSH
• Microbodies enzymology   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Gene Expression Regulation MeSH

• MeSH
• Organelle Biogenesis MeSH
• Cell Wall growth & development   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Protoplasts MeSH

• MeSH
• Organelle Biogenesis * MeSH
• Cycloheximide MeSH
• Cytochromes c MeSH
• Cytoplasm MeSH
• Erythromycin MeSH
• Eukaryotic Cells MeSH
• Genome, Mitochondrial MeSH
• RNA, Messenger biosynthesis   MeSH
• DNA, Mitochondrial MeSH
• Mitochondria * genetics   metabolism   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Proteins * metabolism   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Electron Transport Complex IV MeSH
• RNA, Ribosomal biosynthesis   MeSH
• RNA, Transfer biosynthesis   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Models, Theoretical MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Organelle Biogenesis MeSH
• Mitochondria MeSH

In mammals, mature oocytes and early preimplantation embryos contain transcriptionally inactive structures termed nucleolus precursor bodies instead of the typical fibrillo-granular nucleoli. These nuclear organelles are essential and strictly of maternal origin. If they are removed from oocytes, the resulting embryos are unable to replace them and consequently fail to develop. Historically, nucleolus precursor bodies have been perceived as a passive repository site of nucleolar proteins that are required for embryos to form fully functional nucleoli. Recent results, however, contradict this long-standing dogma and show that these organelles are dispensable for nucleologenesis and ribosome biogenesis. In this article, we discuss the possible roles of nucleolus precursor bodies and propose how they might be involved in embryogenesis. Furthermore, we argue that these organelles are essential only shortly after fertilization and suggest that they might actively participate in centromeric chromatin establishment.

• MeSH
• Organelle Biogenesis * MeSH
• Cell Nucleolus physiology   MeSH
• Embryo, Mammalian physiology   MeSH
• Embryonic Development * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

The biosynthesis of ribosomes is a complex process that requires the coordinated action of many factors and a huge energy investment from the cell. Ribosomes are essential for protein production, and thus for cellular survival, growth and proliferation. Ribosome biogenesis is initiated in the nucleolus and includes: the synthesis and processing of ribosomal RNAs, assembly of ribosomal proteins, transport to the cytoplasm and association of ribosomal subunits. The disruption of ribosome biogenesis at various steps, with either increased or decreased expression of different ribosomal components, can promote cell cycle arrest, senescence or apoptosis. Additionally, interference with ribosomal biogenesis is often associated with cancer, aging and age-related degenerative diseases. Here, we review current knowledge on impaired ribosome biogenesis, discuss the main factors involved in stress responses under such circumstances and focus on examples with clinical relevance.

• MeSH
• Organelle Biogenesis MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neoplasms metabolism   MeSH
• Ribosomal Proteins metabolism   MeSH
• Ribosomes metabolism   MeSH
• Aging metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

Two experiments were carried out to examine the impacts of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in Megalobrama amblycephala. Triplicate groups of fish were fed four test diets: (1) low-fat diet (LFD, 5% fat), (2) high-fat diet (HFD, 15% fat), (3) LFD + 100 mg/kg HT (LFD + HT), and (4) HFD + 100 mg/kg HT (HFD + HT) (in vivo). Hepatocytes from the same batch were exposed to three media including L-15 medium (L15), oleic acid (OA) medium [L15 + 400 μM OA], and OA + HT medium [L15 + 400 μM OA + 10 μM HT] to explore the roles of HT in mitochondrial function (in vitro). Fish fed HFD had excessive fat deposition in the liver, and HT inclusion in the HFD decreased hepatic fat deposition. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the HFD triggers loss of cristae and metrical density and hydropic changes in mitochondria and that HT supplementation attenuates the ultrastructural alterations of mitochondria. The in vitro test showed that HT decreases fat deposition in hepatocytes, suppresses the reactive oxygen species formation, and facilitates the expression of phospho-AMPK protein and the genes involved in mitochondria biogenesis (PGC-1, NRF-1, TFAM) and autophagy (PINK1, Mul1, Atg5). These findings suggest the lipid-lowering effect of HT mediated by activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy through the AMPK pathway.

• MeSH
• Autophagy * MeSH
• Organelle Biogenesis MeSH
• Cyprinidae genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Dietary Fats metabolism   MeSH
• Phenylethyl Alcohol analogs & derivatives   metabolism   MeSH
• Hepatocytes metabolism   MeSH
• Liver cytology   metabolism   MeSH
• Animal Feed analysis   MeSH
• Mitochondria metabolism   MeSH
• AMP-Activated Protein Kinases genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Fish Proteins genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH