Monoaminergic neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), also known as serotonin, plays important roles in modulating the function of the olfactory system. However, thus far, the knowledge about 5-HT and its receptors in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and their physiological role have not been fully characterized. In the present study, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed the presence of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B) receptor subtypes in mouse olfactory epithelium at the mRNA level. With subtype selective antibodies and standard immunohistochemical techniques, both receptor subtypes were found to be positively labeled. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of 5-HT act on the peripheral olfactory transduction, the whole-cell patch clamp techniques were used on freshly isolated ORNs. We found that 5-HT decreased the magnitude of outward K(+) current in a dose-dependent manner and these inhibitory effects were markedly attenuated by the 5-HT(1A) receptor blocker WAY-100635 and the 5-HT(1B) receptor antagonist GR55562. These data suggested that 5-HT may play a role in the modulation of peripheral olfactory signals by regulating outward potassium currents, both 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B) receptors were involved in this regulation.

• MeSH
• čichové buňky účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• draslíkové kanály účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• membránové potenciály MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• receptor serotoninový 5-HT1A účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• receptor serotoninový 5-HT1B účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• serotonin metabolismus   MeSH
• serotoninové receptory 5-HT1 - antagonisté farmakologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Dwarf bunt of wheat, caused by Tilletia controversa KüHN: , is a destructive disease on wheat as well as an important internationally quarantined disease in many countries. The primer ISSR818 generated a polymorphic pattern displaying a 867-bp DNA fragment specific for T. controversa. The marker was converted into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), and specific primers (TCKSF3/TCKSR3) designed for use in PCR detection assays; they amplified a unique DNA fragment in all isolates of T. controversa but not in the related pathogens. The detection limit with the primer set (TCKSF3/TCKSR3) was 5 ng of DNA which could be obtained from 5.5 microg of teliospores in a 25-microL PCR reaction mixture.

• MeSH
• Basidiomycota genetika   izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• DNA fungální genetika   chemie   MeSH
• DNA primery genetika   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• mykologie metody   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• pšenice mikrobiologie   MeSH
• repetitivní sekvence nukleových kyselin MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH

• MeSH
• barvení a značení metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dusík MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• mikrobiologie životního prostředí MeSH
• půda analýza   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• uhlík MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

We aimed to explore the development and cell communication of osteoblasts and osteoclasts with aneuploidy variation in giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB). We predicted the diploid and aneuploid cells in tissue samples using the CopyKAT package. The Monocle2 package was used to analyse differentiation trajectories of aneuploid cells. We used the CellChat package to observe the signalling pathways and ligand-receptor pairs for the two interaction types, "Cell-Cell Contact" and "Secreted Signalling", respectively. A total of 9,117 cells were obtained including eight cell types. Most aneuploid cells were osteoblasts. As the cell differentiation trajectory matured, we found that aneuploid osteoblasts first increased the inflammatory response activity and then enhanced the ability to activate T cells, whereas osteoclasts gradually enhanced the cellular energy metabolism, cell adhesion, cell proliferation and immune response; the activated biological functions were gradually weakened. The analysis by CellChat indicated that CTLA4 or TIGIT might act as important immune checkpoint genes to attenuate the inhibitory effect of aneuploid osteoclasts on NK/T cells, thereby enhancing the activity of NK/T cells. Our study found that both osteoblasts and osteoclasts might be involved in the development of GCTB, which may provide a new direction for the treatment of GCTB.

• MeSH
• analýza jednotlivých buněk * MeSH
• aneuploidie * MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezibuněčná komunikace * genetika   MeSH
• nádory kostí genetika   patologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• obrovskobuněčný nádor kosti * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• osteoblasty * metabolismus   MeSH
• osteoklasty * metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza RNA metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

We studied hsBAFF activity in in vitro mouse splenic B cells. hsBAFF effects on intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were assayed, using a laser scanning confocal microscope with fluorescent probe, Fluo-3/AM. We showed that treatment of B cells with 0.5-5 µg/ml hsBAFF resulted in significantly higher [Ca2+]i levels in a dose-dependent fashion at 12 and 24 h, respectively (p<0.05 or p<0.01 vs. control). Furthermore, we noticed that 2.5 µg/ml hsBAFF-treated cells were significantly resistant to decrease of cellular viability induced by thapsigargin (Tg), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor (p<0.05 hsBAFF plus Tg group vs. Tg group). Thus hsBAFF may promote B cell survival by direct upregulation of [Ca2+]i physiological homeostasis contributing to prevention of [Ca2+]i dysfunction. Using immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis, we found that the activation of ERK1/2 due to hsBAFF was triggered by a [Ca2+]i-dependent pathway, leading to elevation of B cell proliferation. This is supported by the findings that intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA/AM attenuated phosphorylated ERK1/2 expression and cell proliferation in hsBAFF-stimulated B cells. hsBAFF-stimulated B cell proliferation was obviously reduced by mitogen extracellular kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2, upstream of ERK1/2) inhibitor U0126. Taken together, the main finding of this study is that hsBAFF elicits higher but homeostatic [Ca2+]i levels, which regulates ERK1/2 activity and cell proliferation in in vitro B cells

• MeSH
• B-lymfocyty enzymologie   MeSH
• butadieny farmakologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chelátory farmakologie   MeSH
• EGTA analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• faktor aktivující B-buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fosforylace MeSH
• homeostáza MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů farmakologie   MeSH
• inhibitory proteinkinas farmakologie   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitogenem aktivovaná proteinkinasa 1 metabolismus   MeSH
• mitogenem aktivovaná proteinkinasa 3 metabolismus   MeSH
• myši inbrední ICR MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nitrily farmakologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• sarkoplazmatická Ca2+-ATPáza antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• thapsigargin farmakologie   MeSH
• vápník metabolismus   MeSH
• viabilita buněk MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

• MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dermatologie * dějiny   MeSH
• odměny a ceny * MeSH
• školy lékařské MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• portréty MeSH
• zprávy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Čína MeSH
• Itálie MeSH

• O autorovi
• Třešňák Hercogová, Jana, 1959- Autorita

Oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling plays a major role in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. In the present study, we analyzed the potent role of carnosol against osteoarthritis in cells treated using monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) model through in vitro studies. MIA caused dose-dependent cell death and induced programmed cell death by increasing subG1 accumulation and caspase-3 expressions. MIA caused oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and further induced NF-κB expression and down regulated Nrf-2 levels. Pre-treatment with carnosol significantly protected the cells by reducing the oxidative stress markers and improved the cell viability up to 98%. Further, carnosol down regulated NF-κB nuclear expression with a concomitant increase in Nrf-2 nuclear localization and up regulated the nuclear Nrf-2 levels. Carnosol also inhibited MIA-induced subG1 accumulation and caspase-3 activation. This study demonstrates that, carnosol might act as potent antioxidant and regulate MIA-induced oxidative stress, NF-κB signaling and programmed cell death by up regulating the Nrf-2 levels.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• chondrocyty patologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• chrupavka MeSH
• diterpeny abietanové farmakologie   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• faktor 1 související s NF-E2 aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• jodacetáty farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• NF-kappa B antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• osteoartróza * metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• zánět genetika   chemicky indukované   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH

When, how, and following which paths hominins created the innovations that allowed them to colonize regions of the planet that were not suited to their thermal physiology is still a matter of inquiry. In this paper, we elaborate a theoretical framework to investigate the origin and diversification of bone needles, summarize the evidence for their emergence, create a large database of their morphometric and stylistic characters, and present results of the study of an exceptionally well-preserved collection of needles from Shuidonggou Locality 12 (SDG12), a site located in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Northern China, dated to ca. 11.2 ka BP. Bone needles are reported from 271 sites and 355 archaeological layers. Revision of the evidence shows they represent an original cultural innovation that emerged in Eurasia between 45-40 ka BP. Size differences between the earliest known specimens, found in Siberia and China, indicate needles may have been invented independently in these two regions. Needles from Eastern Europe may represent either an independent invention or a geographic extension of earlier Siberian and Caucasian sewing traditions. In Western Europe, needles appear during the Solutrean. The wider size range characteristic of Magdalenian specimens supports the idea that needles of different sizes were used in a variety of tasks. In China, the robust sub-circular needles found at sites dated between 35-25 ka BP are followed, between 26-23 ka BP, by small flat needles, which may represent an innovation associated with the microblades/microcores toolkit. At SDG12, technological, functional, and morphometric analyses of finished needles and manufacturing by-products identify two previously undetected reduction sequences for the production of needles of different size and, probably, function. The bone needles found at Paleoindian sites are the smallest and reflect a never previously achieved mastery in the production of such tools.

• MeSH
• archeologie * MeSH
• kulturní evoluce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• technologie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Asie MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Severní Amerika MeSH

• MeSH
• hypotyreóza * epidemiologie   krev   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• jod * aplikace a dávkování   moč   nedostatek   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• štítná žláza ultrasonografie   MeSH
• thyreotropin * analýza   krev   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• souhrny MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH