- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity MeSH
- BCG Vaccine MeSH
- Immunity, Cellular MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Tuberculin MeSH
- Vaccination MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
Pseurotins, secondary metabolites of fungi, represent a group of bioactive natural products with newly recognized biological activities, including the modulation of specific immune response. However, the type of immune response affected by pseurotins and the mechanistic details underlying these effects are still not understood. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine the effects of pseurotin D on delayed-type IV hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction induced by chicken ovalbumin in vivo and to examine the effects of pseurotin D on major types of leukocytes responsible for DTH development in vitro. Pseurotin D significantly decreased paw swelling, the major symptom of DTH, as well as the DTH-related production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in paws tissue, spleen enlargement, and DTH-related changes in leukocyte counts in peripheral blood. In vitro, pseurotin D mediated a decrease in the proliferation and differentiation of both Th1 and Th2 cells, as was concluded on the basis of the inhibition of the gene expressions of Gata3 and Tbx21 and the production of effector cytokines IFN-γ and IL-13 in vitro. Further, pseurotin D significantly inhibited the activation and differentiation of B cells, as was documented by the significant inhibition of B cell proliferation, CD138 expression, and IgE production. In conclusion, the results show the potential of pseurotin D to inhibit DTH reaction, this phenomenon involving the inhibition of the activation and differentiation of both T cells and B cells.
- MeSH
- Cytokines MeSH
- Interferon-gamma MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed * drug therapy MeSH
- Th2 Cells MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Antigens MeSH
- Erythrocytes immunology MeSH
- Hemagglutination Tests MeSH
- Injections, Intraperitoneal MeSH
- Skin Tests MeSH
- Lymph Nodes immunology MeSH
- Guinea Pigs MeSH
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed MeSH
- Streptococcus immunology MeSH
- Suspensions MeSH
- Tissue Extracts administration & dosage MeSH
- Antibody Formation MeSH
- Bile Acids and Salts MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Guinea Pigs MeSH
- Animals MeSH
The causes of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy are classified as genetic or nongenetic, but environmental factors such as metal pollutants may interact with genetic susceptibility. The presence of metal particles has been detected in the myocardium, including in those patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. It is also known that hypersensitivity reactions can induce inflammation in tissue. The present study aimed to verify if metal-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity is present in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. The patient group consisted of 30 patients with newly diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy; the control group comprised 41 healthy subjects. All patients and control subjects provided blood samples for lymphocyte transformation testing (MELISA®) to assess possible hypersensitivity to seven common metals. Specific exposure to metals was based on interview data. Results showed that exposure to cadmium and lead (p = 0.0002), aluminum (p = 0.0006), nickel (p = 0.0012), and chromium (p = 0.0065) was more often reported by patients than controls. The patients also had significantly more frequent hypersensitivity reactions to mercury (26.7% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.014624), nickel (40% vs. 12.2%, p = 0.02341), and silver (20% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.025468) than the control group. Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy had greater exposure to certain metals compared with healthy controls. Hypersensitivity to metals was more frequent in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, suggesting a possible association that warrants further investigation.
- MeSH
- Lymphocyte Activation MeSH
- Biopsy MeSH
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated complications diagnosis physiopathology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Risk Assessment MeSH
- Metals adverse effects MeSH
- Cells, Cultured MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pilot Projects MeSH
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed diagnosis etiology immunology MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Case-Control Studies MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
