• MeSH
• embryo savčí MeSH
• fertilizace MeSH
• gonadotropiny MeSH
• infertilita terapie   MeSH
• ovarium účinky léků   MeSH
• přenos embrya MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• těhotenství MeSH

Results of 550 transfers of cryopres jserved and thawed embryos were analyzed. A total number of 47 pregnancies was achieved (8.5 % per embryo transfer). Significantly better results were obtained when no selection of embryos before cryopreservation was made (i.e. pronucleate stage embryos and patients with all embryos frozen) compared to the „spare embryos'' group-14 pregnancies per 99 transfers (14 %) vs. 33 pregnancies per 451 transfers (7 %) respectively. Cultivation of thawed embryos before embryo transfer has a beneficial effect on implantation-19 pregnancies per 121 transfers (16 %) in the group of cultured embryos vs. 28 pregnancies per 429 transfers (7 %) in the group without cultivation. Cryopreservation significantly contributes to the effectivity of WF and provides further possibilities for conception in addition to those achieved from the fresh cycle.

• MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro MeSH
• kryoprezervace metody   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přenos embrya MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Polyploidy and increased genome size are hypothesized to increase organismal nutrient demands, namely of phosphorus (P), which is an essential and abundant component of nucleic acids. Therefore, polyploids and plants with larger genomes are expected to be selectively disadvantaged in P-limited environments. However, this hypothesis has yet to be experimentally tested. We measured the somatic DNA content and ploidy level in 74 vascular plant species in a long-term fertilization experiment. The differences between the fertilizer treatments regarding the DNA content and ploidy level of the established species were tested using phylogeny-based statistics. The percentage and biomass of polyploid species clearly increased with soil P in particular fertilizer treatments, and a similar but weaker trend was observed for the DNA content. These increases were associated with the dominance of competitive life strategy (particularly advantageous in the P-treated plots) in polyploids and the enhanced competitive ability of dominant polyploid grasses at high soil P concentrations, indicating their increased P limitation. Our results verify the hypothesized effect of P availability on the selection of polyploids and plants with increased genome sizes, although the relative contribution of increased P demands vs increased competitiveness as causes of the observed pattern requires further evaluation.

• MeSH
• délka genomu * MeSH
• DNA rostlinná MeSH
• fosfor metabolismus   MeSH
• genom rostlinný * MeSH
• lipnicovité genetika   MeSH
• molekulární evoluce * MeSH
• polyploidie * MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva * MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• rostliny genetika   MeSH
• selekce (genetika) MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Cíl: Popsat strategie zvládání stresu (coping) a prožívaný stres v souvislosti s neplodností u mužů a žen podstupujících léčbu in vitro fertilizace (IVF). Zjistit, zda jsou mezi ženami a muži rozdíly v prožívání a zároveň vytipovat adaptivní a neadaptivní strategie pro zvládání neplodnosti. Soubor a metoda: Korelační studie, 162 pacientů s primární neplodností (99 žen a 63 mužů), kteří podstupovali léčbu IVF v Sanus Pardubice, vyplnilo psychologické dotazníky Fertility Problem Inventory a COPE Inventory. Výsledky: Mezi muži a ženami nebyl nalezen statisticky významný rozdíl v míře prožívaného stresu. Nejčastěji užívali muži i ženy copingové strategie pozitivní reinterpretace, plánování a akceptace, muži užívali signifikantně častěji než ženy strategii zdrženlivost, potlačení a plánování, ženy užívaly signifikantně častěji než muži strategie využívání emoční sociální opory a náboženský coping. U žen i mužů signifikantně korelovala s celkovou mírou prožívaného stresu strategie popření v pozitivním směru, strategie pozitivní reinterpretace a akceptace v negativním směru. Závěr: Nedobrovolně bezdětné ženy a muži v léčbě IVF prožívají podobný stres, užívají ale mírně odlišné copingové strategie. Pro muže i ženy se jako adaptivní copingové strategie ukazují pozitivní reinterpretace a akceptace, jako neadaptivní popření.

Aim: To describe coping strategies and infertility stress in men and women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. To determine whether there are differences in coping strategies between men and women and to identify adaptive and non-adaptive coping strategies for infertility. Materials and methods: A correlational study, where 162 patients (99 women and 63 men) with primary infertility undergoing IVF treatment at Sanus Pardubice completed the Fertility Problem Inventory and COPE Inventory psychological questionnaires. Results: There were no significant differences between women and men in experiencing infertility stress. The coping strategies used most frequently by both men and women were Positive Reinterpretation, Planning, and Acceptance; men used the strategies Restraint, Suppression, and Planning significantly more frequently than women; and women used the strategies Using Emotional Social Support and Religious Coping significantly more frequently than men. For both women and men, level of Global infertility stress significantly correlated with Denial in the positive direction and with Positive Reinterpretation and Acceptance in the negative direction. Conclusion: Involuntarily childless women and men in IVF treatment experience similar infertility stress, but use slightly different coping strategies. For both men and women, Positive Reinterpretation and Acceptance emerged as adaptive strategies, while Denial emerged as non-adaptive.

• MeSH
• copingové dovednosti * MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro * psychologie   MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychický stres MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

The present experiments were designed to study the effects of Robertsonian translocations on the efficiency and kinetics of in vitro fertilization and early and advanced embryo development. Spermatozoa from bulls with rob(16;20), rob(1;29) and normal karyotype (A, B and C, respectively) were used. Oocytes were matured, fertilized and cultured by the standard protocol described previously. Twenty-four hours after fertilization, adequate numbers of oocytes were fixed, stained and examined. The development of embryos was evaluated on days 2 (D2), 7 (D7) and 8 (D8) after fertilization. The rate of normally fertilized oocytes was significantly lower (p < or = 0.01) for bull A than for bulls B and C. However, no significant differences in the kinetics of fertilization were found between bulls A, B and C. The D2 cleavage rate of embryos was significantly lower (p < or = 0.01) for bull A than for bulls B and C. Both D7 and D8 blastocyst rates for bull A or bull B were significantly lower (p < or = 0.01 or p < or = 0.05) than those for bull C. The percentages of both D7 advanced blastocysts and D8 expanded blastocysts were significantly lower (p < or = 0.01) for bulls A and B than for bull C. In conclusion, for rob(16;20), the efficiency of fertilization was strongly reduced; it resulted in low early and advanced embryo development. On the other hand, for the rob(1;29), neither fertilization nor early embryo development were affected and only advanced embryo development was decreased. But for both translocations, blastocyst formation was significantly delayed.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• embryonální vývoj fyziologie   genetika   MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro metody   veterinární   MeSH
• fertilizace fyziologie   genetika   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• oocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• skot embryologie   genetika   MeSH
• spermie chemie   MeSH
• translokace genetická genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• skot embryologie   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Species may be prevented from interspecific hybridization by a number of different reproductive barriers that operate precopulatory and postcopulatory. In situation, when natural precopulatory reproductive barriers are affected by anthropogenic factors, postcopulatory reproductive barriers may be important for maintaining gametic isolation and hence preventing interspecific hybridization. This is highly topical in sturgeon (order Acipenseriformes) which exhibits remarkable ease of interspecific hybridization. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the fertilization success of Acipenser ruthenus and Acipenser baerii spermatozoa under the interspecific competitive conditions and assessed, whether their spermatozoa tend to differentially fertilize eggs of conspecifics. We set up several in vitro fertilization experiments: (i) pooled eggs of both species were fertilized by sperm of each species separately; (ii) eggs of each species were fertilized by pooled sperm; (iii) pooled eggs were fertilized by pooled sperm and (iv) purebred and hybrid control groups. Using parental assignment by molecular markers, we found that when these species competed in pooled sperm, 78.9% of progeny were sired by A. ruthenus and 21.1% by A. baerii, demonstrating higher fertilization success for the former, irrespective of conspecificity of fertilized eggs. When pooled eggs were inseminated by A. ruthenus or A. baerii sperm separately, progeny almost equally comprised hybrid and purebred individuals. Hence, neither A. ruthenus nor A. baerii eggs showed a tendency to biased fertilization by spermatozoa of conspecific males. These findings together show that there may not be postcopulatory mechanisms preventing hybridization between A. ruthenus and A. baerii.

• MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro veterinární   MeSH
• hybridizace genetická MeSH
• interakce spermie a vajíčka genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• motilita spermií MeSH
• oocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• ryby genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• spermie fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Fertilization is a complex process that requires successive stages and culminates in the adhesion/fusion of gamete membranes. If the question of the involvement of oocyte integrins has been swept away by deletion experiments, that of the involvement of sperm integrins remains to be further characterized. In the present study, we addressed the question of the feasibility of sperm-oocyte adhesion/fusion and early implantation in the absence of sperm β1 integrin. Males and females with β1 integrin-depleted sperm and oocytes were mated, and fertilization outcome was monitored by a gestational ultrasound analysis. Results suggest that although the sperm β1 integrin participates in gamete adhesion/fusion, it is dispensable for fertilization in mice. However, sperm- and/or oocyte-originated integrin β1 is essential for post-implantation development. Redundancy phenomena could be at the origin of a compensatory expression or alternative dimerization pattern.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD29 * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fertilizace MeSH
• integriny metabolismus   MeSH
• interakce spermie a vajíčka * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• sperma metabolismus   MeSH
• spermie metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cíl studie: Analyzovat data o cyklech in vitro fertilizace – IVF – v Národním registru asistované reprodukce (NRAR). Typ studie: Retrospektivní studie. Metodika: Bylo analyzováno celkem 107 529 záznamů o všech cyklech asistované reprodukce v NRAR za roky 2007–2011 se zaměřením především na cykly IVF, a to podle standardů European IVF monitoring – Eureopean Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (EIM ESHRE). Výsledky: V Česku je ročně přibližně 11 000–14 000 zahájených cyklů IVF. Ve shodě s všeobecnou zkušeností se výsledky léčby IVF výrazně liší podle věku žen. Úplnost dat v NRAR významně klesá se stoupající dobou od začátku cyklu, a v případě údajů o porodu nedosahuje mnohdy ani 50 %. Efektivitu IVF tedy nelze zatím hodnotit. Závěr: Počet pracovišť asistované reprodukce v Česku stále roste. Cyklů IVF (a obdobně i kryotransferů) provedených ročně v Česku a vykázaných v NRAR je přibližně setrvalý počet. Ve věkové skupině do 34 let je patrný mírný úbytek cyklů IVF, zatímco ve skupině 34–40 let mírný nárůst. Přibývá cyklů v dárcovském programu (Darování oocytů a Přijetí darovaných oocytů). Efektivita léčby metodou IVF je vzhledem k významnému podílu chybějících dat v NRAR zatím nehodnotitelná. Je zapotřebí jednak posílit zpětnou vazbu na centra ohledně zadání chybějících údajů, jednak propojit NRAR s registrem porodů a potratů ke získání těch údajů, které centra mohou získat jen obtížně.

Objective: Analysis of IVF cycles (excluding donor oocytes programs) in Czech National Assisted Reproduction Register (NRAR). Design: Retrospective study. Methods: We analyzed NRAR data from 1. 1. 2007 to 31. 12. 2011 (107 529 cycles) concerning IVF cycles, according standards of European IVF monitoring – European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (EIM ESHRE). Results: Yearly in Czech Republic there is 10 000–14 000 initiated IVF cycles. In agreement with common experience, IVF results differ depending the age of woman. The completeness of data in NRAR decreases significantly during the cycle course; data concerning the delivery after the cycle are missing in more than 50% of cycles in some years. So, parameters of cycle effectiveness are not possible to evaluate yet. Conclusion: Number of IVF centers in Czech Republic is still growing. Number of IVF cycles (and similarly frozen embryo transfer cycles) in Czech Republic is in general yearly very similar. In the subgroup of the age under 34, the number of cycles slightly diminishes, in the age group 34–40 increases. Number of cycles in Oocyte donation cycles and in Oocyte reception cycles is increasing. The effectiveness of IVF treatments is not possible to evaluate due to an important part of cycles with missing data concerning pregnancies and deliveries. It is necessary to stimulate centers to send missing data, but also to create the interconnection with the Deliveries register and the Abortions register, to reach data in cases, where it is really difficult to reach them by centers.

• Klíčová slova
• IVF, efektivita,
• MeSH
• darování oocytu statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kryoprezervace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odběr oocytu statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• registrace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• sběr dat metody   MeSH
• těhotenství statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

The lipid composition of sperm membranes is crucial for fertilization and differs among species. As the evolution of internal fertilization modes in fishes is not understood, a comparative study of the sperm lipid composition in freshwater representatives of externally and internally fertilizing fishes is needed for a better understanding of taxa-specific relationships between the lipid composition of the sperm membrane and the sperm physiology. The lipidomes of spermatozoa from stingray, a representative of cartilaginous fishes possessing internal fertilization, and sterlet, a representative of chondrostean fishes with external fertilization, have been studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), electrospray MS, gas chromatography-(GC) MS, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). NMR experiments revealed higher cholesterol content and the presence of phosphatidylserine in stingray compared to sterlet sperm. Unknown MS signals could be assigned to different glycosphingolipids in sterlet (neutral glycosphingolipid Gal-Cer(d18:1/16:0)) and stingray (acidic glycosphingolipid sulpho-Gal-Cer(d18:1/16:0)). Free fatty acids in sterlet sperm indicate internal energy storage. GC-MS experiments indicated a significant amount of adrenic acid, but only a low amount of docosahexaenoic acid in stingray sperm. In a nutshell, this study provides novel data on sperm lipid composition for freshwater stingray and sterlet possessing different modes of fertilization.

• MeSH
• chromatografie na tenké vrstvě MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fertilizace fyziologie   MeSH
• glykosfingolipidy chemie   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací MeSH
• kyseliny dokosahexaenové chemie   MeSH
• lipidomika MeSH
• lipidy chemie   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• ryby fyziologie   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
• spermie chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The aim of present study was to optimize culture conditions for pig embryos. Initially, we evaluated three different basic culture conditions. When embryos from electro-activation (parthenotes) or in vitro fertilization (IVF-embryos) were cultured in PZM supplemented with 3 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (PZM-3) in 4-well dishes, in medium covered with oil in 4-well dishes or in droplets under oil, 0%, 33% and 20% of the parthenotes, and 11%, 23% and 20% of the IVF-embryos developed to blastocysts. Subsequently, we examined the development of embryos when they were cultured in 4-well dishes in medium covered with oil continuously for 7 days or cultured under the same conditions but with a change to fresh medium on Days 2 and 4. In this experiment, 23% (no medium change) and 34% (change) of the parthenotes developed to blastocysts, respectively. When IVF-embryos were cultured under similar conditions, 33% and 38% of the embryos developed to blastocysts. Further improvement was achieved when PZM was supplemented with FBS from Day 4. In this experiment, 47% of the parthenotes developed to blastocysts with an average cell number of 57 +/- 7.7. In IVF-embryo group, 49% of the embryos developed to blastocysts with a mean cell number of 60 +/- 6.1. These results indicate that a change to fresh medium and inclusion of FBS in the medium during the late stages of culture can generate a higher proportion of high-quality blastocysts.

• MeSH
• blastocysta MeSH
• elektřina MeSH
• embryonální vývoj účinky léků   MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro veterinární   MeSH
• fetální krev MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kultivace embrya metody   veterinární   MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• oocyty MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• skot MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• zygota MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH