Rose chafers (Cetoniinae) are a large group of flower visitors within the pleurostict Scarabaeidae that are characterized by their distinctive flight mode with nearly closed forewings. Despite their popularity, this is the first study to use molecular data to infer their phylogenetic relationships. We used partial gene sequences for 28S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase I (cox1) and 16S rRNA (rrnL) for 299 species, representing most recognized subfamilies of Scarabaeidae, including 125 species of Cetoniinae. Combined analyses using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences recovered Cetoniinae as monophyletic in all analyses, with the sister clade composed of Rutelinae and Dynastinae. Rutelinae was always recovered as paraphyletic with respect to Dynastinae. Trichiini sensu lato (s.l.) was recovered as a polyphyletic clade, while Cetoniini s.l. was recovered as paraphyletic. The inferred topologies were also supported by site bootstrapping of the ML trees. With the exception of Cremastochelini, most tribes of Cetoniinae were poly- or paraphyletic, indicating the critical need for a careful revision of rose chafer classification. Analysis of elytral base structure (including 11 scored characters) in the context of phylogeny, revealed a complex, concerted and rapid transformation of the single trait elements linked to a modified flight mode with closed elytra. This appears to be unlinked to the lateral sinuation of the elytra, which originated independently several times at later stages in the evolution of the group.
- MeSH
- Bayes Theorem MeSH
- Biological Evolution * MeSH
- Coleoptera classification genetics MeSH
- DNA chemistry isolation & purification metabolism MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Wings, Animal anatomy & histology MeSH
- Electron Transport Complex IV genetics MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S genetics MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Laser Desorption Ionisation (LDI) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation (MALDI) Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOFMS) were used to study the pulsed laser ablation of aluminium nitride (AlN) nano powder. The formation of Al(m)(+) (m=1-3), N(n)(+) (n=4, 5), AlN(n)(+) (n=1-5, 19, 21), Al(m)N(+) (m=2-3), Al(3)N(2)(+), Al(9)N(n)(+) (n=5, 7, 9, 11 and 15), Al(11)N(n)(+) (n=4, 6, 10, 12, 19, 21, 23, and 25), and Al(13)N(n)(+) (n=25, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36) clusters was detected in positive ion mode. Similarly, Al(m)(-) (m=1-3), AlN(n)(-) (n=1-3, 5), Al(m)N(-) (n=2, 3), Al(2)N(n)(-) (n=2-4, 28, 30), N(n)(-) (n=2, 3), Al(4)N(7)(-) Al(8)N(n)(-) (n=1-6), and Al(13)N(n)(-) (n=9, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41 and 43) clusters were observed in negative ion mode. The formation of the stoichiometric Al(10) N(10) cluster was shown to be of low abundance. On the contrary, the laser ablation of nano-AlN led mainly to the formation of nitrogen-rich Al(m)N(n) clusters in both negative and positive ion mode. The stoichiometry of the Al(m)N(n) clusters was determined via isotopic envelope analysis and computer modelling.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
In this study, the potential of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF MS) to enable rapid and comprehensive analysis of 212 pesticide residues in QuEChERS extracts obtained from four plant matrices has been investigated. Method optimization is discussed in detail. In addition to molecular adducts, also fragment ions were provided for all target pesticides, thus obtaining at least three identification points required by European Decision 2002/657/EC was achieved. To get maximum information on analytes present in the extracts, each sample was examined within two injections, the first in a positive and the next one in a negative ionization mode. Under UHPLC conditions, both analyses were completed within 24min. For more than 96% of pesticides involved in this study, the limit of quantification was < or =10micro/kg. As a part of the work, strategy enabling screening of non-target pesticides and their metabolites is demonstrated on analysis of real-life samples.
- MeSH
- Linear Models MeSH
- Fruit chemistry MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Pesticide Residues analysis MeSH
- Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods MeSH
- Vegetables chemistry MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
RATIONALE: The bacterial genus Cronobacter was established quite recently, in 2008. Therefore, its systematic classification is still in progress as well as the risk assessment of Cronobacter strains. The possibility of rapid identification within the biogroup level has an essential epidemiological significance. We examined the potential of mass spectrometry to accomplish this task on species Cronobacter sakazakii comprising eight different biogroups. METHODS: Members of all Cronobacter sakazakii biogroups were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) using intact cells. Analyses were performed on a Biflex IV MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer in the range of 2000 to 20 000 Da in linear mode with an accelerated voltage of 19 kV. RESULTS: Optimal conditions for a proper identification of biogroups, such as suitable cultivation media or growth time of bacteria, were investigated. The biomarker patterns characterizing each of the Cronobacter sakazakii biogroups were obtained. The established identification protocol was applied to ten previously non-identified strains and their biogroups were successfully determined. CONCLUSIONS: The presented work is the first report of successful and rapid bacterial biogroup taxonomy classification using MALDI-TOF-MS that could substitute demanding biochemical testing.
- MeSH
- Biomarkers analysis chemistry MeSH
- Cronobacter sakazakii chemistry classification growth & development MeSH
- Culture Media chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Cluster Analysis MeSH
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods MeSH
- Bacterial Typing Techniques methods MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Wounds, Stab complications MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Echocardiography MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Angiography MeSH
- Ventricular Septum injuries MeSH
- Incidental Findings MeSH
- Postoperative Care MeSH
- Ventricular Septal Rupture etiology surgery MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
The lipid composition of sperm membranes is crucial for fertilization and differs among species. As the evolution of internal fertilization modes in fishes is not understood, a comparative study of the sperm lipid composition in freshwater representatives of externally and internally fertilizing fishes is needed for a better understanding of taxa-specific relationships between the lipid composition of the sperm membrane and the sperm physiology. The lipidomes of spermatozoa from stingray, a representative of cartilaginous fishes possessing internal fertilization, and sterlet, a representative of chondrostean fishes with external fertilization, have been studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), electrospray MS, gas chromatography-(GC) MS, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). NMR experiments revealed higher cholesterol content and the presence of phosphatidylserine in stingray compared to sterlet sperm. Unknown MS signals could be assigned to different glycosphingolipids in sterlet (neutral glycosphingolipid Gal-Cer(d18:1/16:0)) and stingray (acidic glycosphingolipid sulpho-Gal-Cer(d18:1/16:0)). Free fatty acids in sterlet sperm indicate internal energy storage. GC-MS experiments indicated a significant amount of adrenic acid, but only a low amount of docosahexaenoic acid in stingray sperm. In a nutshell, this study provides novel data on sperm lipid composition for freshwater stingray and sterlet possessing different modes of fertilization.
- MeSH
- Chromatography, Thin Layer MeSH
- Species Specificity MeSH
- Fertilization physiology MeSH
- Glycosphingolipids chemistry MeSH
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization MeSH
- Docosahexaenoic Acids chemistry MeSH
- Lipidomics MeSH
- Lipids chemistry MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy MeSH
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Fishes physiology MeSH
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization MeSH
- Spermatozoa chemistry MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Radiographics, ISSN 0271-5333 Volume 23, Special Issue, October 2003
202 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular MeSH
- Echocardiography MeSH
- Heart Function Tests MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Angiography MeSH
- Heart diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Publication type
- Collected Work MeSH
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- kardiologie
- radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
- MeSH
- Echocardiography methods trends MeSH
- Electrocardiography methods trends MeSH
- Cardiac Imaging Techniques * methods instrumentation trends MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Angiography * methods instrumentation trends MeSH
- Nuclear Medicine * methods trends MeSH
- Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
- Positron-Emission Tomography methods trends MeSH
- Radionuclide Ventriculography methods instrumentation trends MeSH
- Radioisotopes MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
RATIONALE: Rare earth-doped sulphide glasses in the Ga-Ge-Sb-S system present radiative emissions from the visible to the middle infrared range (mid-IR) range, which are of interest for a variety of applications including (bio)-chemical optical sensing, light detection, and military counter-measures. The aim of this work was to reveal structural motifs present during the fabrication of thin films by plasma deposition techniques as such knowledge is important for the optimization of thin film growth. METHODS: The formation of clusters in plasma plume from different concentrations of erbium-doped Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 glasses (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt. % of erbium) using laser (337 nm) desorption ionization (LDI) was studied by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) in both positive and negative ion mode. The stoichiometry of the Ga(m)Ge(n)Sb(o)S(p)(+/-) clusters was determined via isotopic envelope analysis and computer modelling. RESULTS: Several Ga(m)Ge(n)Sb(o)S(p)(+/-) singly charged clusters were found but, surprisingly, only four species (Sb3S4(+/-), GaSb2S(p)(+/-) (p = 4, 5), Ga3Sb2S7(+/-) ) were common to both ion modes. For the first time, species containing rare earths (GaSb2SEr(+) and GaS6 Er2(+)) were identified in the plasma formed from rare earth-doped chalcogenide glasses, directly confirming the importance of gallium presence for rare earth bonding within the glassy matrix. CONCLUSIONS: The local structure of Ga-Ge-Sb-S glasses is at least partly different from the structure of species identified in plasma by mass spectrometry, as deduced from Raman scattering spectroscopy analysis; these glasses are mainly formed by [GeS4/2]/[GaS4/2] tetrahedra and [SbS3/2] pyramids. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements show that Er(3+) ions in Ga-Ge-Sb-S glasses are surrounded by 7 sulphur atoms.
