Placement of a single-tooth implant should be performed when a patient's facial growth has ceased. In this retrospective observational study, we evaluated if there was a difference in the timing of cessation of craniofacial growth in short, average, and long facial types. Based on the value of the angle between cranial base and mandibular plane (SN/MP angle), three groups comprising 48 subjects with short facial type (SF; SN/MP ≤28°), 77 with average facial type (AF; SN/MP ≥31.5° and ≤34.5°), and 44 with long facial type (LF; SN/MP ≥38°) were selected. Facial growth was assessed on lateral cephalograms taken at 15.4 years of age, and 2, 5, and 10 years later. Variables were considered to be stable when the difference between two successive measurements was less than 1 mm or 1°. We found no difference between facial types in the timing of cessation of facial growth. Depending on the variable, the mean age when variables became stable ranged from 18.0 years (Is-Pal in LF group) to 22.0 years (SN/MP in LF group). However, facial growth continued at the last follow-up in approximately 20% subjects. This study demonstrates that facial type is not associated with the timing of cessation of facial growth.

• MeSH
• baze lební růst a vývoj   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kefalometrie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maxilofaciální vývoj * MeSH
• obličej MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• zubní implantáty jednotlivých zubů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a source of a number of cytokines which could act in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The potential relationship between known cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, dyslipidaemia or diabetes mellitus and EAT humoral signalling, has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we designed and conducted a cross-sectional study to determine whether selected cardiovascular risk factors are linked to levels of cytokines in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). METHODS: Samples of SAT and EAT were collected from consecutive patients undergoing scheduled cardiac surgery. Tissue concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, leptin, and adiponectin were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: We enrolled 140 patients. TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations in EAT and SAT were significantly higher in current smokers (CS) than in never smokers (NS) and former smokers (FS). There were no differences between FS and NS. No other clinical variables were associated with cytokine concentrations in a regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking was independently associated with higher TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations in EAT and SAT. A novel observation that pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in EAT in smokers could contribute to identify potential mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of adverse effects of tobacco smoking. There were no differences between EAT cytokine production in NS and FS, which support the importance of smoking cessation for cardiovascular risk reduction.

• MeSH
• interleukin-6 metabolismus   MeSH
• kouření škodlivé účinky   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mediátory zánětu metabolismus   MeSH
• odvykání kouření * MeSH
• perikard metabolismus   MeSH
• podkožní tuk metabolismus   MeSH
• prevence kouření * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• TNF-alfa metabolismus   MeSH
• upregulace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Donedávna dospelí pacienti s panhypopituitarizmom nedostávali v komplexnej substitučnej liečbe rastový hormón. Predpokladalo sa, že rastový hormón nemá fyziologický význam po ukončení rastu a jeho deficit sa nepovažoval za klinický problém. Až v posledných rokoch sa zistili dôležité metabolické účinky rastového hormónu u dospelých. Dostupnosť rekombinantného rastového hormónu prispela k definovaniu klinického syndrómu deficitu rastového hormónu v dospelosti. Prejavuje sa centripetálnou obezitou, znížením svalovej masy a sily, emočnou labilitou, depresiou a pocitom zníženej kvality života. Dyslipoproteinémia, inzulínová rezistencia a endotelová dysfunkcia spôsobujú predčasnú aterosklerózu a vyššiu úmrtnosť pacientov na kardiovaskulárne ochorenia. Substitučná liečba rastovým hormónom je bezpečná a účinná, upravuje všetky symptómy a príznaky spojené s jeho deficitom.

Until recently, adult patients with hypopituitarism did not receive growth hormone in complex hormonal replacement therapy. It was assumed that growth hormone had no physiologic relevance after cessation of growth and its deficiency was not regarded as a clinical problem. Only in last 2 decades important metabolic effects of growth hormone in adults were revealed. The availability of recombinant human growth hormone enabled the description of adult growth hormone deficiency syndrome. Its typical signs include central adiposity, reduced muscle mass and strength, emotional lability, depressed mood, impaired sense of well-being and quality of life. Hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction contribute to premature atherosclerosis and higher mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Growth hormone replacement therapy is safe and effective and improves all symptoms and signs of growth hormone deficiency.

The growth charts of basic body measurements are an important aid for the daily routine practice of paediatricians. Charts for children from birth to 2 years of age form an integral component of a set of such tools for the age spectrum from birth to 18 years of age. The interpretation of growth charts is highly dependent on the data on basis of which the charts were constructed. In the Czech Republic, the growth reference data have been regularly updated since 1951, in 10-year intervals. These updates are based on data from nation-wide anthropological surveys of children and adolescents. Countries, which do not have their own reference data, have been using for growth assessment the 1977 World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international reference growth charts. These charts, developed for height for age, weight for age, and weight for height, were based for children younger than 2 years on a longitudinal study of North American children. Over the years, use in practice showed that because of the original criteria used to select the child population studied, these reference growth charts were not suitable for assessing growth of breastfed children. The 1977 reference is based on predominantly artificially, that is formula-fed, child population. The evidence shows that breastfed and artificially fed infants grow differently and that the growth pattern of breastfed children most likely better reflects physiological growth. In 1994, based on the accumulated evidence, the WHO started working on new international standards which would be based on a sample of healthy breastfed children. The project, the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS), was carried out from 1997–2003. It focused on collection of growth and development data of 8440 children from different ethnic and cultural groups. The underlying assumption of the project was that in favourable socio-economic conditions and with a recommended level of nutrition and lack of maternal smoking, children’s growth is very similar, regardless of their ethnic origin and geographic location. The new growth standard for children 0–5 years of age will be available early in 2006. In the Czech Republic, we plan to analyse our national reference against this standard. If considered necessary, a process will be put in place for replacing the Czech reference with the WHO standard. The objective of this article is to alert health professionals that growth charts currently used in their country may not represent an optimal tool, especially with regard to the assessment of nutritional status for 0 to 2-year-old children, unless already based on data of breastfed children. Generally, the lack of awareness of the difference between the two growth patterns – the breastfed versus artificially fed child – poses a serious problem since a strict interpretation of the growth charts may lead to early supplementation of breastmilk with infant formula and/or premature introduction of complementary foods. Both of these practices tend to lead to premature cessation of breastfeeding, one of the key strategies to improve child health and development.

• MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• fyziologie výživy dětí fyziologie   MeSH
• kojení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• růst a vývoj fyziologie   MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

V souborném referátu jsou shrnuty experimentální, klinické a epidemiologické poznatky o účincích intrauterinní expozice nikotinu. Nikotin vyvolává charakteristické účinky v mozku, a to i v nižších dávkách, než které způsobují symetrickou růstovou retardaci plodu. Tyto účinky nikotinu zvyšují vnímavost novorozence k hypoxii a současně brání rozvoji unikátní obranné reakce, která je pozorována fyziologicky jen v časném období života po narození. Klinickým důsledkem těchto změn je pak vyšší riziko syndromu náhlé smrti, které bylo již dříve nalezeno pomocí epidemiologických studií. Odborníci se v současné době shodiyí na následujících závěrech: * plod by neměl být exponován ve svém prenatálním vývoji žádnému nikotinu, zejména ve druhé polovině těhotenství podávání NNT ve formě žvýkaček je bezpečnější než kouření * dávky nikotinu v NNT by v žádném případě neměly být vyšší než ty, které přijímá těhotná žena kouřením. Proto podávání NNT by mělo být podmíněno vyšetřením hladiny nikotinu/cotininu v biologickém materiálu * dosud neznáme bezpečnou dávku nikotinu v období těhotenství * odvykáni kouřeni v těhotenství by mělo být podporováno každým ošetřujícím lékařem, neboť ženy jsou v tomto období vysoce motivovány pro zdravý způsob života.

In the submitted review the author summarizes experimental, clinical and epidemiological fíndings on the intrauterine exposure to nicotine. Nicotine exerts typical effects on the brain in lower doses than those which cause symmetrical foetal growth retardation. These effects of nicotine increase the perception of the leonate to hypoxia and prevent at the samé time the development of the unique defence reaction observed under normál conditions only in the early period of life after birth. The clinical consequence of these changes is a higher risk of the sudden death syndrome as revealed formerly by epidemiological studies. Specialists agree at present on the following conclusions: - during prenatal development the foetus should not be exposed to any nicotine. particularly not in the second half of pregnancy - administration of NNT in chewing gum is safer than smoking • amounts of nicotine in NNT should not exceed those derived by the pregnant woman from smoking. Therefore NNT administration should be preceded by ixamination of the nicotine/cotinine level in biological material - so far we do not know a safe nicotine dose during pregnancy every attending physician should support smoking cessation in women during pregnancy, as during this period women are highly motivated for a healthy lifestyle.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kouření aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhlá smrt kojenců MeSH
• nikotin MeSH
• odvykání kouření MeSH
• růstová retardace plodu MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• žvýkačka MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Context: Heterozygous mutations in the aggrecan gene (ACAN) cause autosomal dominant short stature with accelerated skeletal maturation. Objective: We sought to characterize the phenotypic spectrum and response to growth-promoting therapies. Patients and Methods: One hundred three individuals (57 females, 46 males) from 20 families with autosomal dominant short stature and heterozygous ACAN mutations were identified and confirmed using whole-exome sequencing, targeted next-generation sequencing, and/or Sanger sequencing. Clinical information was collected from the medical records. Results: Identified ACAN variants showed perfect cosegregation with phenotype. Adult individuals had mildly disproportionate short stature [median height, -2.8 standard deviation score (SDS); range, -5.9 to -0.9] and a history of early growth cessation. The condition was frequently associated with early-onset osteoarthritis (12 families) and intervertebral disc disease (9 families). No apparent genotype-phenotype correlation was found between the type of ACAN mutation and the presence of joint complaints. Childhood height was less affected (median height, -2.0 SDS; range, -4.2 to -0.6). Most children with ACAN mutations had advanced bone age (bone age - chronologic age; median, +1.3 years; range, +0.0 to +3.7 years). Nineteen individuals had received growth hormone therapy with some evidence of increased growth velocity. Conclusions: Heterozygous ACAN mutations result in a phenotypic spectrum ranging from mild and proportionate short stature to a mild skeletal dysplasia with disproportionate short stature and brachydactyly. Many affected individuals developed early-onset osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease, suggesting dysfunction of the articular cartilage and intervertebral disc cartilage. Additional studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment strategy for these patients.

• MeSH
• agrekany genetika   MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• brachydaktylie genetika   MeSH
• degenerace meziobratlové ploténky genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• heterozygot MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA metody   MeSH
• nanismus farmakoterapie   genetika   MeSH
• osteochondritis dissecans vrozené   genetika   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• rodokmen MeSH
• růst genetika   MeSH
• růstový hormon terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výhřez meziobratlové ploténky genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Achondroplasia (ACH) is one of the most prevalent genetic forms of short-limbed skeletal dysplasia, caused by gain-of-function mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase FGFR3. In August 2021, the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) analog vosoritide was approved for the treatment of ACH. A total of six other inhibitors of FGFR3 signaling are currently undergoing clinical evaluation for ACH. This progress creates an opportunity for children with ACH, who may gain early access to the treatment by entering clinical trials before the closure of their epiphyseal growth plates and cessation of growth. Pathophysiology associated with the ACH, however, demands a long observational period before admission to the interventional trial. Public patient registries can facilitate the process by identification of patients suitable for treatment and collecting the data necessary for the trial entry. RESULTS: In 2015, we established the prospective ACH registry in the Czechia and the Slovak Republic ( http://www.achondroplasia-registry.cz ). Patient data is collected through pediatric practitioners and other relevant specialists. After informed consent is given, the data is entered to the online TrialDB system and stored in the Oracle 9i database. The initial cohort included 51 ACH children (average age 8.5 years, range 3 months to 14 years). The frequency of selected neurological, orthopedic, or ORL diagnoses is also recorded. In 2015-2021, a total of 89 measurements of heights, weights, and other parameters were collected. The individual average growth rate was calculated and showed values without exception in the lower decile for the appropriate age. Evidence of paternal age effect was found, with 58.7% of ACH fathers older than the general average paternal age and 43.5% of fathers older by two or more years. One ACH patient had orthopedic limb extension and one patient received growth hormone therapy. Low blood pressure or renal impairment were not found in any patient. CONCLUSION: The registry collected the clinical information of 51 pediatric ACH patients during its 6 years of existence, corresponding to ~ 60% of ACH patients living in the Czechia and Slovak Republic. The registry continues to collect ACH patient data with annual frequency to monitor the growth and other parameters in preparation for future therapy.

• MeSH
• achondroplazie * epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• receptor fibroblastových růstových faktorů, typ 3 genetika   MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Research indicates that among the many elements of resistance exercise protocols, training volume and total training load are the key factors for post-exercise increase in the secretion of testosterone (T), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and cortisol (C). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of resistance exercises with variable volume and constant intensity and movement tempo on post-exercise concentrations of selected anabolic and catabolic hormones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 28 experienced powerlifters (27.8 ± 2.9 years, with 6.64 ± 1.29 years of training experience, average body mass of 85.3 ± 3.3 kg and body height of 165.8 ± 10.3 cm) who compete at the national and international level performed three repetitions of barbell squats with a constant external load of 90% 1RM and variable volume (3, 6 and 12 sets of squats) in three stages (pre-exercise, immediately post exercise, and 1h after exercise) over three consecutive weeks. Venous blood samples (10ml) were collected from the antecubital vein, to determine pre- and post-exercise values of the following variables T, GH, IGF-1, C, at rest, immediately after the cessation of the last set of squats, and after 60 minutes of recovery. RESULTS: The T test showed that performing 6 and 12 sets resulted in increases of post exercise GH (p<0.01). Performing 6 sets of squats resulted in post exercise decrease (p<0.01) in IGF-1 and C. Performing 3 sets of squats resulted in immediate post exercise decrease of IGF-1 (p<0.01), which was not maintained 1h after exercise. There were no other significant differences in analysed variables, with the training volume of three sets of three repetitions, confirming previous data suggesting that low volume is the limiting factor in increased post-exercise secretion. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that in terms of endocrine response, the optimal volume of high intensity strength exercise is six sets. Therefore, intentionally high volume (12 sets) or low volume (3 sets) are not an effective stimuli for endocrine responses of trained individuals. The 6 sets of squats seems to drive hormonal responses of GH, C and IGF-1, which may play a significant role in stimulating muscle growth and tissue regeneration.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hydrokortison krev   MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidský růstový hormon krev   MeSH
• odporový trénink * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• testosteron krev   MeSH
• vzpírání * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

• MeSH
• akneiformní erupce * MeSH
• dějiny ošetřovatelství * MeSH
• erbB receptory * antagonisté a inhibitory   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kongresy jako téma MeSH
• lékařská onkologie * MeSH
• melanom * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• mukozitida * diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• nádory * MeSH
• odvykání kouření * MeSH
• publikace * MeSH
• stomatitida * chemicky indukované   MeSH
• zdravotní sestry * využití   MeSH

• MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   farmakoterapie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory patologie   terapie   MeSH
• odvykání kouření MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• signální transdukce účinky léků   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH