OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to examine the knowledge levels, beliefs, and self-efficacies of men regarding osteoporosis according to the health belief model. METHODS: Men aged 55 years and older were included in the study. After the descriptive characteristics of the participants were recorded, the Male Osteoporosis Knowledge Quiz, Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale, Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale, and Osteoporosis Knowledge Test were administered to the participants face-to-face. RESULTS: A total of 435 men with an average age of 67.3 ± 0.4 years participated in the study. When the participants were categorized according to age subgroups, it was found that marital status (p = 0.002), economic status (p = 0.016), and education level (p < 0.001) differed with age. The results of the osteoporosis-specific measurement tools used in data collection also differed with age (p < 0.05). It was observed that men's levels of osteoporosis knowledge decreased with increasing age (p < 0.05). The lowest scores for the exercise benefits and health motivation subdimensions of the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale and the Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale were obtained from the subgroup that included the oldest participants (p < 0.05). The highest scores for the calcium barriers subdimension of the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale were obtained from younger participants (p = 0.036). The level of osteoporosis knowledge showed a low-to-moderate correlation with each question of the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (p < 0.05). Age, education, associating the role of physiotherapy with primary-secondary treatment approaches, and health beliefs were the factors that affected the osteoporosis knowledge levels of the participating men (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of osteoporosis and preventive beliefs and behaviours of men need to be increased. Knowledge and perceptions of susceptibility to osteoporosis should be developed in men with appropriate education from an early age. We recommend that exercise and physiotherapy approaches should be utilized to a greater extent, especially for individuals in the at-risk age range.

• MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• model zdravotního přesvědčení MeSH
• osteoporóza * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

To better prepare for a potential future pandemic, it is important to investigate factors that influenced responses to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the present study was to investigate factors that influenced the decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost everyone throughout the world. Vaccines are a significant factor in managing a pandemic. As vaccines are developed, governments develop vaccine roll-out plans. Unfortunately, vaccine hesitancies can slow the implementation of any vaccine program. A question arises as to the factors that are associated with the decision to get vaccinated. The present study explored associations between vaccine hesitancy, and the Health Belief Model (HBM) in student samples from the Czech Republic, Israel, and the United States. From August, 2021 through December, 2021, an online survey was distributed in Czech, Hebrew, and English. A total of 447 participants completed the survey. A binomial logistic regression was conducted to ascertain the influence of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers on the likelihood that participants are vaccinated. Results revealed that the factors of perceived severity and perceived benefits explained 52.6% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance in vaccination. An analysis of Variance (ANOVA) found significant differences between countries for the 4 HBM factors. Based on these findings, it is recommended that policymakers put forth added emphasis on the severity of a virus and the benefits associated with the vaccine. Further, since there appears to be variability between countries in perceptions of the virus, and associated vaccine, governments should consider factors within their own environment when developing a strategy to combat a pandemic. More specifically, government could explore their own strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as they develop a pandemic strategy. Additional practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• model zdravotního přesvědčení MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Pacienti považují své případné nekompliantní chován í za poměrně srozumitelné. Zdravotníci je naopak často vnímají jako nepochopit elné. Vědci proto objevují různé teoretické modely, kterými se snaží vysvětlit a pře dpovědět lidské jednání ve vztahu ke zdraví. Mezi nejvýznamnější vysvětlení nekompliantn ího chování patří „model zdravotního přesvědčení“, „behaviorální modely“, „t ransteoretický model“ a „teorie reaktance“. Každý z uvedených přístupů přispívá svý m dílem k porozumění chování pacientů (a také zdravotníků, protože i jejich chov ání lze se stejnou mírou vnímat jako nekompliantní). Většinu modelů spojuje neobviňující přístup k nekompliantnímu člověku; optimismus, že neexistuje z hlediska kompl iance žádný beznadějný pacient, a zájem o pacientova očekávání, představy, přesvědčen í a hodnoty.

Patients perceive their non-compliant behavior as q uite clear. On the other hand, health- care providers often consider it to be incomprehens ible. Therefore scientists think of various theoretical models explaining patients ́ beh avior and predicting it. Among the most important explanations we can find the “health belief model”, “behavioral model”, “transtheoretical model” and “reactance theory”. Ea ch of these approaches contribute to making patients ́ behavior more understandable (and health-care providers ́ behavior as well, because it can be also perceived as noncompli ant). Most of the models agree on not accusing person of his/her noncompliant behavior. T hey are optimistic regarding the success of the compliance promoting activities. And they are interested in patients ́ expectations, ideas, beliefs, and values.

• Klíčová slova
• adherence, transteoretický model, teorie reaktance,
• MeSH
• adherence pacienta * MeSH
• behaviorální lékařství * MeSH
• filozofie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• model zdravotního přesvědčení MeSH
• vztahy mezi zdravotnickým pracovníkem a pacientem * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Studie se v širším rámci zaměřuje na vztah víry ve spravedlivý svět k aspektům životní spokojenosti. Konkrétně se věnuje tomu, jakým způsobem víra ve spravedlivý svět vstupuje do vztahu mezi depresivitou a jedincem prožívanou psychosociální zátěží. Pro ověření tohoto předpokladu byl použit mediační model, ve kterém byla depresivita zavedena jako prediktor, prožívaná psychosociální zátěž jako závisle proměnná a osobní a obecný aspekt víry ve spravedlivý svět jako mediátory. Výzkumný vzorek zahrnoval 266 patnáctiletých respondentů (136 dívek, 130 chlapců), kteří dlouhodobě participují na mezinárodním longitudinálním výzkumu ELSPAC (European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood). Výsledky ukazují, že osobní víra ve spravedlivý svět je částečným mediátorem vlivu depresivity na prožívanou míru zátěže ve smyslu protektivního faktoru; tedy zmírňuje vztah mezi depresivitou a mírou prožívané zátěže. V případě obecné víry ve spravedlnost je tento vztah jen marginální.

The paper focuses on mutual relations of the belief in a just world and various life satisfaction aspects. More specifically, the function of the belief in a just world in relation between depressivity and experienced psychosocial stress is explored. Structural model assuming mediational effect of personal and general belief in a just world on relation between depressivity and psychosocial stress was successfully verified. Study sample consisted of 266 15-years-old Czech adolescents (136 girls, 130 boys), participating on international project “ELSPAC” (European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood). Results show partial mediation effect of personal belief in justice and only a marginal mediation effect of general belief in justice.

• MeSH
• deprese * psychologie   MeSH
• duševní zdraví MeSH
• kvalita života * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství * MeSH
• občanská práva * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• osobnost MeSH
• sociální psychologie metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství * MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: The recent human monkeypox virus (HMPXV) outbreak in non-endemic countries that started in May 2022 has raised concerns among public health authorities worldwide. Healthcare workers (HCWs) play a decisive role during epidemics in transmitting accurate information to the public and motivating them to pursue protective behaviours, including immunisation. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in the Czech Republic in September 2022 to evaluate HMPXV-related knowledge and vaccination perceptions among HCWs. The study utilised a digital self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) to collect data from the target population. The proposed SAQ inquired about participants' sociodemographic and anamnestic characteristics, perceived knowledge of HMPXV, factual knowledge, and vaccination perceptions according to the health belief model (HBM). RESULTS: A total of 341 participants were included in this study; most of them were females (88.9%), allied HCWs (89.4%), heterosexuals (87.1%), married (61.9%), and vaccinated against COVID-19 (91.2%). Only 8.8% of the participants agreed to receive vaccination against HMPXV; 44.9% rejected it, while 46.3% were hesitant. While digital news portals (47.5%) and social media (25.8%) were among the most utilised sources of information about HMPXV, the scientific journals (5.6%), ECDC (5%), and the U.S. CDC (1.5%) were the least common sources. The participants demonstrated suboptimal levels of factual knowledge, especially regarding HMPXV vaccines (1.5 ± 1.2 (0-4)) and treatments (0.9 ± 0.9 (0-4)). Additionally, several misconceptions were detectable among the participants, regarding topics such as the availability of effective vaccines and antivirals against HMPXV, the risk of vertical transmission, and homosexual stigmatisation. The HBM indicated that the cues to action and perceived susceptibility were the most important constructs to predict HMPXV vaccine acceptance. CONCLUSIONS: the findings of this study call upon public health practitioners and health policymakers in the Czech Republic to act accordingly in order to determine the drivers of vaccine hesitancy among Czech HCWs. Dedicated educational campaigns should aim to counter the HCWs' misconceptions around HMPXV, and future studies should aim to explore the prevalence and drivers of HMPXV vaccine hesitancy among the general population.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Vaccination is undoubtedly one of the most effective strategies to halt the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study aimed to investigate the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and its associated factors using two health behavior change frameworks: the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A total of 639 Bangladeshi adults (mean age: 24 years) participated in a cross-sectional online study between July and August 2021. The questionnaire covered questions regarding vaccine intentions, sociodemographic features, health status, perceived trust in/satisfaction with health authorities, reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and factors related to the health behavior change frameworks. Hierarchical logistic regression was employed to determine associations between these predictors and vaccine acceptance. The intention to get a COVID-19 vaccination was expressed among 85% of the participants. In fully adjusted models, students and respondents with more normal body weights reported higher intentions to get vaccinated. Respondents were also more likely to seek vaccination if they reported greater levels of perceived susceptibility, benefits, and cues to action, as well as lower levels of barriers and self-efficacy. Fear of future vaccine side effects was the most common reason for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and was expressed by 94% of the vaccine-hesitant respondents. These factors should be considered by health authorities in Bangladesh and perhaps other countries when addressing the plateauing COVID-19 vaccination rates in many populations.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cíl. Měření přesvědčení, která se vztahují ke zdraví, má u pacientů ve zdravotnictví velký význam. Cílem studie bylo ověřit faktorovou strukturu české verze dotazníku Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLCS, verze B) a její invarianci. Metoda. N = 549 dospělých respondentů vyplnilo MHLCS v online průzkumu. Pomocí konfirmační faktorové analýzy byly ověřovány tři modely založené na předchozích studiích a dále byla ověřována invariance měření v závislosti na pohlaví, věku a času (šest měsíců). Výsledky. Žádný z navržených modelů nevykazoval dostatečnou shodu s daty. Proto byl navržen modifikovaný třífaktorový model, který vykázal přijatelnou shodu s daty a byl striktně invariantní ve vztahu k pohlaví, věku i času. U faktorů Vlivní druzí a Náhoda byl nalezen slabý efekt věku. Závěr. Českou verzi MHLCS lze považovat za validní a reliabilní nástroj, s výjimkou faktoru Náhoda, který vykazoval nízkou reliabilitu.

Aim. Measuring patients' health-related beliefs is of high importance in health care. The aim of the study was to test the factor structure of the Czech version of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLCS) Form B and its measurement invariance. Method. N = 549 adults answered the MHLCS in an online survey. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test three competing models based on previous studies and to assess measurement invariance of the MHLCS across gender, age, and time (six months). Results. None of the hypothesized models fit the data; therefore, a modified three-factor model was proposed that demonstrated an acceptable fit and was strictly invariant with respect to gender, age, and time. A small age effect was found on the Powerful Others and Chance factors. Conclusion. The Czech MHLCS can be considered a valid and reliable measure, except for the Chance factor, which had low reliability.

Cíl: Kardiovaskulární onemocnění patří v mnoha zemích k těm nepřenosným nemocem, které jsou jednou z hlavních příčin úmrtí a pro společnost představují velkou zdravotní, sociální a ekonomickou zátěž. Cílem této studie bylo zjistit vliv vzdělávací intervence založené na modelu zdravotního přesvědčení, na zlepšení preventivního chování, které má vliv na kardiovaskulární onemocnění, u subjektů ve zdravotnickém středisku v íránském městě Fasa v provincii Fars. Metody: Jedná se o kvaziexperimentální studii zahrnující 200 subjektů (skupinu 100 experimentálních subjektů a skupinu 100 kontrolních subjektů), které pobývaly ve zdravotnických střediscích ve městě Fasa v letech 2017-2018. Data byla shromážděna pomocí dotazníku, do kterého byly zahrnuty demografické proměnné, povědomí, model zdravotního přesvědčení a preventivní chování. Dotazníky byly vyplněny oběma skupinami před intervencí a následně 3 měsíce po intervenci. Semináře zahrnovaly 8 setkání, která se konala v průběhu 2 měsíců (1 setkání týdně), přičemž každé setkání trvalo 55-60 minut. Data byla následně vložena do SPSS 19 a analyzována chí-kvadrátovým testem, nezávislým t-testem a deskriptivními statistickými metodami. P < 0,05 bylo považováno za statisticky významné. Výsledky: Věk subjektů v experimentální skupině byl 50,28 ± 4,76 let, v kontrolní skupině 49,85 ± 4,94 let (p = 0,265). Průměrný BMI v experimentální skupině byl 25,13 ± 2,18 a v kontrolní skupině 2,40 (p = 0,316). Průměrné skóre vyplývající z modelu zdravotního přesvědčení bylo v experimentální skupině ve srovnání se skóre po intervenci výrazně vyšší (P < 0,05). Závěr: Výsledky prokázaly efektivitu intervenčního programu a potřebu vzdělávacích programů vytvořených pro lepší osvojení si preventivního chování, které má vliv na kardiovaskulární onemocnění.

Aim: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), as a non-communicable disease, is one of the major causes of death in different countries and imposes a huge health, social and economic burden on society. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on the promotion of CVD preventive behaviors among subjects referred to health centers in Fasa city, Fars province, Iran. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study with 200 subjects (100 experimental group and 100 control group) referred to Fasa health centers in 2017-2018. Data were collected using a self-created questionnaire including demographic variables, awareness, HBM constructs and preventive behaviors. It was completed by both groups before the intervention and 3 months after it. Training sessions included 8 sessions held during two months (one session per week) and each session lasted 55-60 minutes. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS 19 and were analyzed using Chi-square test, independent t-test, and descriptive statistical methods. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The age of participants was 50.28 ± 4.76 years in the experimental group and 49.85 ± 4.94 years in the control group (p = 0.265). The mean BMI was 25.13 ± 2.18 in the experimental group and 24.86 ± 2.40 (p = 0.316) in the control group. The mean scores of HBM Model constructs and Performance were significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the controls after the intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Results showed the effectiveness of the intervention program and the need to use educational interventions designed to improve the adoption of CVD preventive behaviors.

Careful conceptualization and differentiation of both spirituality and religiosity is a necessary precondition for understanding the potential role they play in health, whether physical or mental. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of spirituality with self-rated health, health complaints, and life satisfaction of adolescents with the moderating role of religiosity. Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2014 in Slovakia were used. The final sample consisted of 658 adolescents (mean age = 15.37; 50.6% boys). Data regarding spirituality, religiosity, self-rated health, health complaints, and life satisfaction were obtained. Binary logistic models revealed spirituality to be associated with self-rated health, health complaints, and life satisfaction. A moderating role of religiosity was not confirmed. The presented findings indicate the need to distinguish between the concepts of religiosity and spirituality in connection with subjective health and life satisfaction.

• MeSH
• diagnostické sebehodnocení MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• náboženství * MeSH
• osobní uspokojení * MeSH
• spiritualita * MeSH
• zdravotní stav * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: We examined indicators of job strain in relation to level and change in episodic memory in the years leading up to as well as following retirement. METHODS: Our analyses centre on 3779 individuals from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (baseline age 57.3 years) who reported gainful employment in an occupation for 10+ years prior to retirement, and who were assessed for episodic memory performance over up to 20 years (median 8 waves over 16 years). We used ratings from the Occupational Information Network (O*Net) to score occupations for job control and job demands, and to measure job strain (job demands/job control). RESULTS: Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and cardiovascular disease, less job control and greater job strain were not significantly associated with change in episodic memory in the period leading up to retirement, but were associated with significantly poorer episodic memory at retirement and an accelerated rate of decline in episodic memory following retirement. The results did not vary for men and women or by self-employment status. CONCLUSIONS: Job strain expressed mainly as low job control is linked to poorer episodic memory at retirement and more decline after retirement. Job characteristics appear to have implications for cognitive ageing independent of relevant confounds.

• MeSH
• důchod psychologie   MeSH
• epizodická paměť * MeSH
• interní-externí kontrola * MeSH
• kognitivní stárnutí psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• psychický stres etiologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• statistické modely MeSH
• zaměstnanost psychologie   MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH