Human-mediated introduction
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- MeSH
- ateroskleróza krev diagnóza MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- hypertriglyceridemie krev diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mediátory zánětu krev MeSH
- triglyceridy krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- úvodní články MeSH
... Table of Contents -- Chapter 1 Introduction : Organism, Language and World 1 -- Characterization of the ... ... Chapter 10 Mediation Theories of Language Processes -- Chains of associations — Semantic generalization ... ... — Mediating associations -- Bousfield’s mediation theory — The mediation process in relation to classification ... ... Chapter 12 The Imitation of Sounds and Sound Symbolism -- Imitationof sounds as the germ of human speech ...
xii, 377 s. : tab., grafy ; 23 cm
... CONTENTS -- Introduction 1 -- PART I -- Chapter /. ... ... Introduction 13 -- II. Degenerative and Infiltrative Changes 15 -- A. ... ... Introduction 53 -- II. The Vascular Phenomena of Acute Inflammation 54 -- A. ... ... Introduction 96 -- II. Repair 97 -- A. Normal Wound Healing 98 -- B. ... ... Introduction 251 -- II. Organization of Connective Tissues 252 -- A. ...
xiii, 512 stran : ilustrace, portréty ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- klinické lékařství MeSH
- nemoc klasifikace MeSH
- patologie výchova MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NLK Obory
- patologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
... Contents in brief -- I From molecular biology to human genetics 1 -- 1 Biomolecular evolution 9 -- 2 ... ... processing and translation 96 -- 5 Protein structure and function 114 -- II From molecular genetics to human ... ... matrix 209 -- 10 Cytoskeletal proteins and molecular motors 235 -- III From molecular biochemistry to human ... ... cytokines 288 -- 13 Hormones and growth factors 312 -- 14 Hemopoietins, angiogenins, and vasoactive mediators ... ... vi -- Contents in brief -- 19 Immunity 473 -- 20 Neurobiology 491 -- V From molecular physiology to human ...
[1st ed.] xxxi, 623 s. : il.
Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and -2, respectively) are protein hormones involved not only in normal growth and development but also in life span regulation and cancer. They exert their functions mainly through the IGF-1R or by binding to isoform A of the insulin receptor (IR-A). The development of IGF-1 and IGF-2 antagonists is of great clinical interest. Mutations of A4 and A8 sites of human insulin lead to disproportionate effects on hormone IR binding and activation. Here, we systematically modified IGF-1 sites 45, 46, and 49 and IGF-2 sites 45 and 48, which correspond, or are close, to insulin sites A4 and A8. The IGF-1R and IR-A binding and autophosphorylation potencies of these analogues were characterized. They retained the main IGF-1R-related properties, but the hormones with His49 in IGF-1 and His48 in IGF-2 showed significantly higher affinities for IR-A and for IR-B, being the strongest IGF-1- and IGF-2-like binders of these receptors ever reported. All analogues activated IR-A and IGF-1R without major discrepancies in their binding affinities. This study revealed that IR-A and IGF-1R contain specific sites, likely parts of their so-called sites 2', which can interact differently with specifically modified IGF analogues. Moreover, a clear importance of IGF-2 site 44 for effective hormone folding was also observed. These findings may facilitate novel and rational engineering of new hormone analogues for IR-A and IGF-1R studies and for potential medical applications.
- MeSH
- fosforylace MeSH
- insulinu podobný růstový faktor I chemie genetika MeSH
- insulinu podobný růstový faktor II chemie genetika MeSH
- inzulin chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ligandy MeSH
- molekulární evoluce MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- protein - isoformy MeSH
- receptor inzulinu chemie metabolismus MeSH
- receptory somatomedinů chemie genetika MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- endokrinní žlázy fyziologie MeSH
- endokrinologie metody MeSH
- hormonální substituční terapie MeSH
- kardiovaskulární fyziologické jevy MeSH
- klinické lékařství metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární fyziologie MeSH
- signální transdukce fyziologie MeSH
- systémy druhého messengeru fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- souhrny MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Vitiligo is a skin disorder characterized by a progressive depigmentation, which is caused by the loss of melanocytes at the cutaneous level. A shift of the immune system with a prevalence of T helper (Th)1/Th17 response instead of a Tregs/Th2 one and may be part of etiology of 10 vitiligo. AREAS COVERED: This review describes the major points of vitiligo onset and shows the cutting-edge results in the field of low-dose medicine in the treatment of dermatologic diseases and, in particular. in vitiligo. In this review on advances in vitiligo pharmacotherapy, the most pertinent recent publications are reported. Electronic databases such as PubMed were searched for terms 'low-dose medicine' or 'low dose and vitiligo' or 'low dose and psoriasis.' EXPERT OPINION: The availability of a systemic treatment for vitiligo, based on the oral administration of low-dose activated signaling molecules represents an opportunity for the dermatologists to overcome some specific pitfalls of currently available therapeutic protocols.
- MeSH
- cytokiny metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- keratinocyty fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melaniny metabolismus MeSH
- melanocyty fyziologie MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- vitiligo farmakoterapie imunologie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The recent introduction of a renin inhibitor, aliskiren, into the clinical arena has revived interest in renin and its precursor prorenin. In addition, a renin-binding and prorenin-binding receptor has been found, which not only activates prorenin but also induces angiotensin-independent signaling. This review addresses the question of whether this receptor has any biological relevance. Recent findings: Prorenin is the preferred agonist of the (pro)renin receptor. When bound to the receptor, prorenin undergoes a conformational change allowing it to display full enzymatic activity. Receptor activation by renin/prorenin triggers the mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway, and human (pro)renin receptor transgenic rats develop glomerulosclerosis and hypertension in the absence of changes in renin or angiotensin. Aliskiren prevents angiotensin I generation by receptor-bound prorenin but does not block signaling. Conflicting results have been obtained with the putative (pro)renin receptor antagonist 'handle region peptide', suggesting that its efficacy depends on experimental conditions. Summary: Although it is tempting to speculate that the (pro)renin receptor is the missing link providing a role for prorenin in tissue angiotensin generation, the discrepant results with handle region peptide and the lack of clinical studies with (pro)renin receptor blockers do not yet firmly support such a role.
... Table of Contents -- Introduction and Acknowledgements 9 -- 1. ... ... Basic Experimental Studies of Human Accommodation 25 -- 1.3.1. ... ... Langenbeck’s Conception of Human Accommodation 27 -- 1.3.3. ... ... Helmholtz’s Studies of Human Accommodation 27 -- 1.3.4. ... ... Accommodation Mediated by Changing the Corneal Curvature 32 -- 2.1.2. ...
Acta historica scientiarum naturalium et medicinalium, ISSN 0065-1311 v. 43
99 s. : il. ; 24 cm
- Konspekt
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NLK Obory
- fyziologie
- oftalmologie
- biologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- studie
V posledných desaťročiach došlo k výraznému nárastu atopických ochorení, najma v krajinách s tzv. západným životným štýlom. Súčasná představa o etiopatogenéze alergických ochorení je, podobné ako pri iných civilizačných ochoreniach, multifaktoriálna. Předpokládá sa interakcia individuálnych genetických predispozícií s faktormi životného prostredia a životného štýlu. Cielom nasledujúceho článkuje poskytnut přehrad rizikových i protektívnych faktorov vývoja atopického ochorenia, ktoré boli identifikované v početných epidemiologických štúdiách. Obzvlášť sa autoři venujú faktorom, ktoré sú najčastejšie asociované so zvýšeným rizikom atopie, ako sú včasná expozícia alergénom v domácnosti, znečisťujúcim látkám v životnom prostředí vráta-ne cigaretového dýmu, skorý kontakt s alergénmi v stravě a zvýšená konzumácia polynenasýtených omega-6-mastných kyselin. Najma v posledných rokoch sa dostává do popredia tzv. hygienická hypotéza, ktorá vyzdvihuje úlohu protektívnych faktorov súvisiacich s mikrobiálnou expozíciou v detskom veku. V článku sa diskutuje aj o vplyve užívania antibiotik, očkovania a dojčenia.
The prevalence of atopie diseases has markedly inereased in the past few decades, especially in industrialized countries. The etiology of atopie disease is multifactorial. The interplay of the individual genetic predisposition and various environmental and lifestyle factors seems to be crucial for the development of atopie disease. Epidemiolo-gical studies háve identified a number of risk factors for atopy and asthma. In this article we aim at providing a comprehensive review of known environmental factors associated with the development of atopy and asthma in childhood. The focus is on the most frequently associated risk factors such as early exposure to indoor allergens, environmental pollutants, tobacco smoke, early introduction of cow's milk proteins and solid foods and inereased intake of n-6 fatty polyunsaturated acids. More recently there is growing interest in the 'hygieně hypothesis' that underlines the role of protec-tive factors related to microbial exposure in infancy. Attendance at a day care center early in life, frequent episodes of viral infections of the upper respiratory tract, fecal-oral infections, endotoxin exposure during infancy and vaccination appears to offer protective effects against later development of atopy. Promoting effect of antibiotic use, and protective effect of breastfeeding remain controversial.
- MeSH
- časná přecitlivělost etiologie imunologie klasifikace MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- imunitní systém fyziologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí klasifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH