Obesity is considered an important factor contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. Inflammation plays a key role in endothelial dysfunction (ED), an initial stage of the atherosclerotic process. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in the inflammatory process, but there is a lack of information about their participation in the early stages of atherosclerosis development in patients with obesity. We aimed to assess the relations between plasma concentration of selected miRNAs, ED evaluated by reactive hyperemia index (RHI), inflammatory markers and other factors involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults with obesity. Participants (30 males, 30 females; aged 15 25 years) were divided into two groups: those with overweight/obesity (OW/O) (20 males, 20 females) and controls (C) (10 males, 10 females). The plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers, cytokines, adipocytokines, markers of lipid profile and glucose metabolism and selected miRNAs (miR 92, 126, -146a, -155) were analyzed. No significant differences in any of the miRNAs were found between the groups. MiR-146a correlated positively with RHI. Dividing the group by sex showed more significant associations between miRNA and analyzed parameters (IL-6, fasting glycemia) in men. Several observed correlations indicate a potential role of miRNAs in inflammation, the atherosclerotic process and glycemic control, primarily in male subjects with obesity. The relatively low number of observed associations between assessed parameters related to obesity and the pathogenesis of its complications could be attributed to the early stage of the atherosclerotic process in young subjects with obesity, where only subtle abnormalities are expectedly found. Key words Endothelial dysfunction, Atherosclerosis, Obesity, MicroRNA, Reactive hyperemia index.

• MeSH
• ateroskleróza * krev   genetika   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• cirkulující mikroRNA * krev   genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita * krev   komplikace   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Díky svému umístění chrání hydrofobní lipidová doména paraoxonázy-1 (PON-1) lipoproteiny o vysoké hustotě (high-density lipoprotein, HDL), lipoproteiny o nízké hustotě (low-density lipoprotein, LDL) a buněčné membrány na vnější straně před oxidací. Nezastavuje se tím tvorba konjugovaných dienů, ale mění se tak produkty lipoperoxidace na neškodné karboxylové kyseliny místo aldehydů, které by se mohly navazovat na apolipoprotein B. Paraoxonáza-1 v séru negativně ovlivňuje nové příhody u diabetu a aterosklerotického kardiovaskulárního onemocnění (ASKVO). Diabetes, dyslipidemie a zánět snižují aktivitu PON-1. Ablace lidského genu pro PON-1 nebo nadměrná exprese tohoto genu u zvířat posiluje nebo tlumí vnímavost k rozvoji aterosklerózy. Na rozdíl od apolipoproteinu AII zvyšují sérová koncentrace amyloidu A a myeloperoxidáza, apolipoprotein AI a poměr lecitin : cholesterol acyl transferáza antioxidační účinek PON-1. Strava a již užívané léky měnící hodnoty lipidů mohou účinnost PON snížit, je však třeba provádět specifickou léčbu zvyšující hodnoty PON-1.

Due to where paraoxonase-1 (PON-1)'s hydrophobic lipid domain is located, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) protects low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the cell membranes on the outside from oxidation. It doesn't stop the formation of conjugated dienes, but it changes the products of lipid peroxidation into harmless carboxylic acids instead of aldehydes that could link to apolipoprotein B. Serum PON-1 inversely affects new events in diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and inflammation decrease PON-1 activity. Human PON-1 gene ablation or overexpression in animals enhances or reduces atherosclerosis susceptibility. Unlike AII, serum amyloid A, and myeloperoxidase, apolipoprotein AI and lecithin : cholesterol acyl transferase boost PON-1 antioxidant activity. Diet and pre-existing lipid-modifying drugs may impact PON-1 activity, but specific PON-1-raising therapy is required.

• MeSH
• aryldialkylfosfatasa * fyziologie   genetika   krev   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• ateroskleróza * genetika   krev   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoproteiny HDL fyziologie   MeSH
• lipoproteiny MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů fyziologie   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and consequent acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are substantial contributors to morbidity and mortality across Europe. Fortunately, as much as two thirds of this disease's burden is modifiable, in particular by lipid-lowering therapy (LLT). Current guidelines are based on the sound premise that, with respect to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), "lower is better for longer", and recent data have strongly emphasised the need for also "the earlier the better". In addition to statins, which have been available for several decades, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid (also as fixed dose combinations), and modulators of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9 inhibitors and inclisiran) are additionally very effective approaches to LLT, especially for those at very high and extremely high cardiovascular risk. In real life, however, clinical practice goals are still not met in a substantial proportion of patients (even in 70%). However, with the options we have available, we should render lipid disorders a rare disease. In April 2021, the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) published its first position paper on the optimal use of LLT in post-ACS patients, which complemented the existing guidelines on the management of lipids in patients following ACS, which defined a group of "extremely high-risk" individuals and outlined scenarios where upfront combination therapy should be considered to improve access and adherence to LLT and, consequently, the therapy's effectiveness. These updated recommendations build on the previous work, considering developments in the evidential underpinning of combination LLT, ongoing education on the role of lipid disorder therapy, and changes in the availability of lipid-lowering drugs. Our aim is to provide a guide to address this unmet clinical need, to provide clear practical advice, whilst acknowledging the need for patient-centred care, and accounting for often large differences in the availability of LLTs between countries.

• MeSH
• akutní koronární syndrom * krev   farmakoterapie   etiologie   MeSH
• anticholesteremika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ateroskleróza * krev   komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• hypolipidemika * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přehledová literatura jako téma MeSH
• statiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is accelerated in people with diabetes. Dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation play a role via a variety of mechanisms operative in the artery wall. In addition, some unique features predispose people with type 1 diabetes to accelerated atherosclerosis. Various organizations have created guidelines that provide advice regarding screening, risk assessment, and roadmaps for treatment to prevent ASCVD in diabetes. Management of dyslipidemia, especially with statins, has proven to be of immense benefit in the prevention of clinical CVD. However, since many patients fail to attain the low levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) recommended in these guidelines, supplemental therapy, such as the addition of ezetimibe, bempedoic acid or PCSK9 inhibitors, is often required to reach LDL goals. As a result, the upfront use of combination therapies, particularly a statin plus ezetimibe, is a rational initial approach. The addition to statins of drugs that specifically lower triglyceride levels has not proven beneficial, although the addition of icosapent-ethyl has been shown to be of value, likely by mechanisms independent of triglyceride lowering. Newer treatments in development, including apoC-III and ANGPTL3 inhibitors, seem promising in further reducing apoB-containing lipoproteins.

• MeSH
• anticholesteremika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ateroskleróza farmakoterapie   krev   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu farmakoterapie   diagnóza   krev   komplikace   MeSH
• dyslipidemie * farmakoterapie   krev   diagnóza   MeSH
• ezetimib terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hypolipidemika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• statiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• aortální stenóza krev   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• ateroskleróza krev   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * krev   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoprotein (a) * krev   škodlivé účinky   účinky léků   MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

V diagnostice a stanovování prognózy kardiovaskulárních onemocnění (KVO) již byla použita řada ukazatelů. Aterogenní index plazmy (AIP) se vypočítává jako logaritmus molárních koncentrací triglyceridu (TG) a lipoproteinů o vysoké hustotě (high-density lipoprotein, HDL). Vynikající predikční hodnota AIP je výsledkem těsného vztahu mezi AIP a velikostí lipoproteinových částic. AIP lze jednoduše vypočítat pomocí typického lipidového profilu. Jedná se o přesnější prediktor velikosti lipoproteinových částic než velikosti částic jednotlivých lipidů nebo poměru TG a HDL.

Numerous indicators have been used to diagnose and prognosticate cardiovascular disease (CVD). The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a logarithmic conversion of triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) molar concentrations. The close association between AIP and the size of lipoprotein particles may account for its excellent predictive value. AIP may be computed simply using a typical lipid profile. It is a bet- ter predictor of lipoprotein particle size than that of individual lipids or the ratio of TG to HDL.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• ateroskleróza etiologie   krev   MeSH
• biologické markery * analýza   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * diagnóza   etiologie   krev   MeSH
• krevní plazma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoproteiny HDL analýza   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• triglyceridy analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• hsCRP,
• MeSH
• ateroskleróza krev   metabolismus   patofyziologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein * analýza   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci klasifikace   krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• zánět krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and consequent acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are substantial contributors to morbidity and mortality across Europe. Much of these diseases burden is modifiable, in particular by lipid-lowering therapy (LLT). Current guidelines are based on the sound premise that with respect to low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), "lower is better for longer", and the recent data have strongly emphasized the need of also "the earlier the better". In addition to statins, which have been available for several decades, the availability of ezetimibe and inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) are additional very effective approach to LLT, especially for those at very high and extremely high cardiovascular risk. LLT is initiated as a response to an individual's calculated risk of future ASCVD and is intensified over time in order to meet treatment goals. However, in real-life clinical practice goals are not met in a substantial proportion of patients. This Position Paper complements existing guidelines on the management of lipids in patients following ACS. Bearing in mind the very high risk of further events in ACS, we propose practical solutions focusing on immediate combination therapy in strict clinical scenarios, to improve access and adherence to LLT in these patients. We also define an 'Extremely High Risk' group of individuals following ACS, completing the attempt made in the recent European guidelines, and suggest mechanisms to urgently address lipid-medicated cardiovascular risk in these patients.

• MeSH
• akutní koronární syndrom krev   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• anticholesteremika škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ateroskleróza krev   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• ezetimib škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• management nemoci MeSH
• PCSK9 inhibitory škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The term arterial stiffness (ArSt) describes structural changes in arterial wall related to the loss of elasticity and is known as an independent predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The evidence relating to ArSt and triglycerides (TG) shows contradictory results. This paper means to survey the association between high TG and ArSt, utilizing the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). METHODS: Subjects aged between 25 and 64 years from a random population-based sample were evaluated between 2013 and 2016. Data from questionnaires, blood pressure, anthropometric measures, and blood samples were collected and analyzed. CAVI was measured using VaSera VS-1500 N devise. Subjects with a history of CVD or chronic renal disease were excluded. RESULTS: One thousand nine hundred thirty-four participants, 44.7% of males, were included. The median age was 48 (Interquartile Range [IQR] 19) years, TG levels were 1.05 (0.793) mmol/L, and CAVI 7.24 (1.43) points. Prevalence of high CAVI was 10.0% (14.5% in males and 6.4% in females; P <  0.001) and prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 20.2% (29.2% in males and 13% in females, P <  0.001). The correlation between TG and CAVI was 0.136 (P <  0.001). High CAVI values were more prevalent among participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS), high blood pressure, dysglycemia, abdominal obesity, high LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c), and high total cholesterol. Using binary regression analysis, high TG were associated with high CAVI, even after adjustment for other MetS components, age, gender, smoking status, LDL-c, and statin treatment (β = 0.474, OR = 1.607, 95% CI = 1.063-2.429, P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: TG levels were correlated with ArSt, measured as CAVI. High TG was associated with high CAVI independent of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors. Awareness of the risks and targeted treatment of hypertriglyceridemia could further benefit in reducing the prevalence of CVD and events.

• MeSH
• ateroskleróza krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypertriglyceridemie krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• tuhost cévní stěny fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• apolipoproteiny B krev   MeSH
• ateroskleróza * krev   terapie   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoproteiny HDL krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH