... Surveillance of invasive mosquitoes Unit 1.1 Biology of invasive mosquitoes -- Unit 1.2 Identification ... ... of invasive mosquitoes 8 -- Unit 1.3 Distribution and spread of invasive mosquitoes 9 -- Unit 1.4 Surveillance ... ... of invasive mosquitoes 11 -- Unit l.S Field/laboratory exercise on sampling techniques 13 -- Unit 1.6 ... ... control and disease outbreak response 19 -- Unit 2.1 Prevention of introduction (and spread) of invasive ...
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- MeSH
- Arboviruses MeSH
- Insect Vectors MeSH
- Curriculum MeSH
- Mosquito Control MeSH
- Strategic Planning MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
- Conspectus
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NML Fields
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- NML Publication type
- publikace WHO
BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis leads to coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The computer-aided prognosis of atherosclerotic events with the electrocardiogram (ECG) derived heart rate variability (HRV) can be a robust method in the prognosis of atherosclerosis events. METHODS: A total of 70 male subjects aged 55 ± 5 years participated in the study. The lead-II ECG was recorded and sampled at 200 Hz. The tachogram was obtained from the ECG signal and used to extract twenty-five HRV features. The one-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to find the significant differences between the CAD, MI, and control subjects. Features were used in the training and testing of a two-class artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM). RESULTS: The obtained results revealed depressed HRV under atherosclerosis. Accuracy of 100% was obtained in classifying CAD and MI subjects from the controls using ANN. Accuracy was 99.6% with SVM, and in the classification of CAD from MI subjects using SVM and ANN, 99.3% and 99.0% accuracy was obtained respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Depressed HRV has been suggested to be a marker in the identification of atherosclerotic events. The good accuracy observed in classification between control, CAD, and MI subjects, revealed it to be a non-invasive cost-effective approach in the prognosis of atherosclerotic events.
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are nucleotide sequences that are known to assume regulatory roles previously thought to be reserved for proteins. Their functions include the regulation of protein activity and localization and the organization of subcellular structures. Sequencing studies have now identified thousands of ncRNAs encoded within the prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, leading to advances in several fields including parasitology. ncRNAs play major roles in several aspects of vector-host-pathogen interactions. Arthropod vector ncRNAs are secreted through extracellular vesicles into vertebrate hosts to counteract host defense systems and ensure arthropod survival. Conversely, hosts can use specific ncRNAs as one of several strategies to overcome arthropod vector invasion. In addition, pathogens transmitted through vector saliva into vertebrate hosts also possess ncRNAs thought to contribute to their pathogenicity. Recent studies have addressed ncRNAs in vectors or vertebrate hosts, with relatively few studies investigating the role of ncRNAs derived from pathogens and their involvement in establishing infections, especially in the context of vector-borne diseases. This Review summarizes recent data focusing on pathogen-derived ncRNAs and their role in modulating the cellular responses that favor pathogen survival in the vertebrate host and the arthropod vector, as well as host ncRNAs that interact with vector-borne pathogens.
Fungi in the genus Geosmithia (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) are frequent associates of bark beetles and woodborers that colonize hardwood and coniferous trees. One species, Geosmithia morbida, is an economically damaging invasive species. The authors surveyed the Geosmithia species of California and Colorado, USA, to (i) provide baseline data on taxonomy of Geosmithia and beetle vector specificity across the western USA; (ii) investigate the subcortical beetle fauna for alternative vectors of the invasive G. morbida; and (iii) interpret the community composition of this region within the emerging global biogeography of Geosmithia. Geosmithia was detected in 87% of 126 beetle samples obtained from 39 plant species. Twenty-nine species of Geosmithia were distinguished, of which 13 may be new species. Bark beetles from hardwoods, Cupressus, and Sequoia appear to be regular vectors, with Geosmithia present in all beetle gallery systems examined. Other subcortical insects appear to vector Geosmithia at lower frequencies. Overall, most Geosmithia have a distinct level of vector specificity (mostly high, sometimes low) enabling their separation to generalists and specialists. Plant pathogenic Geosmithia morbida was not found in association with any other beetle besides Pityophthorus juglandis. However, four additional Geosmithia species were found in P. juglandis galleries. When integrated with recent data from other continents, a global pattern of Geosmithia distribution across continents, latitudes, and vectors is emerging: of the 29 Geosmithia species found in the western USA, 12 have not been reported outside of the USA. The most frequently encountered species with the widest global distribution also had the broadest range of beetle vectors. Several Geosmithia spp. with very narrow vector ranges in Europe exhibited the similar degree of specialization in the USA. Such strong canalization in association could reflect an ancient origin of each individual association, or a recent origin and a subsequent diversification in North America.
- MeSH
- Biodiversity * MeSH
- Coleoptera classification microbiology MeSH
- DNA, Fungal genetics MeSH
- Species Specificity MeSH
- Phenotype MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Insect Vectors microbiology MeSH
- Hypocreales classification isolation & purification MeSH
- Plant Diseases microbiology MeSH
- Trees microbiology MeSH
- Introduced Species MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- Geographicals
- Colorado MeSH
- California MeSH
Aedes koreicus is an invasive mosquito species originating from East Asia. It has recently been introduced into several countries in Southern, Central and Eastern Europe as well as Central Asia in many of which it has successfully established populations. The biology and ecological requirements of the species are largely unknown, but it is considered as a potential vector of pathogens that requires careful monitoring. We report here the first detection of Ae. koreicus in the Czech Republic, based on a citizen report.
- MeSH
- Aedes * MeSH
- Culicidae * MeSH
- Mosquito Vectors MeSH
- Introduced Species MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Europe, Eastern MeSH
BACKGROUND: Triatomine bugs (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) are blood-sucking vectors of the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease, a significant source of human morbidity and mortality in the Americas. Autochthonous transmission of Chagas disease in the United States is considered rare, despite evidence of Triatoma species harboring T. cruzi, invading homes, and biting occupants. In the southeastern United States, Triatoma sanguisuga is considered common, yet its distribution, host use, and T. cruzi infection are practically unknown in this region. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: Using field sampling and community science programs from 2013 to 2023, we collected triatomines from peridomestic and domestic settings, identified them to species, analyzed for bloodmeals, and screened for T. cruzi infection and Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) TcI - TcVI utilizing molecular techniques. Triatoma sanguisuga (n = 310) were collected from 23 counties throughout the state, particularly in northern and central Florida. More than one third (34.6%) of T. sanguisuga were found inside a human dwelling, and 39.2% were collected by community members. T. cruzi infection was observed in 29.5% (88/298) of tested triatomines, with infection found in 12 of the 23 counties where triatomines had been collected. DTU-typing was successful for 47 of the T. cruzi-positive triatomines: 74.5% were infected with DTU TcI, 21.3% were infected with DTU TcIV, and 4.3% were co-infected with TcI and TcIV. Bloodmeal analysis of 144 T. sanguisuga found broad host use, including mammals (60%), ectothermic vertebrates (37%), and cockroaches (2.5%). Human blood meals contributed nearly a quarter (23%) of bloodmeals, indicating significant vector-human contact. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our field data from Florida demonstrate that T. sanguisuga is present near, and sometimes in, human dwellings, feeds upon humans, and is infected with multiple DTUs of T. cruzi. This indicates that the environment in the southeastern United States is suitable for autochthonous transmission of Chagas disease or that the human risk for T. cruzi infection is possible. The roles of ectotherms in T. sanguisuga and T. cruzi ecology also warrant further investigation.
- MeSH
- Chagas Disease * transmission epidemiology parasitology MeSH
- Insect Vectors * parasitology physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Triatoma * parasitology physiology MeSH
- Trypanosoma cruzi * isolation & purification genetics physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Florida MeSH
Na konci března roku 2024 byl v zahradním jezírku v areálu rodinného domu v Borovanech v jižních Čechách zaznamenán výskyt larev všech larválních stádií (v množství 15 jedinců na dm3) a několik kukel, které byly později, na základě vylíhlých imag, identifikovány jako invazní druh Aedes koreicus. Vzhledem k velmi časnému nálezu larev, jejich množství i stáří můžeme hovořit o prvním průkazu přezimování invazního druhu komára rodu Aedes na našem území.
At the end of March 2024 in Borovany in South Bohemia in a garden pond in the vicinity of a private house a number of larvae (15 individuals per dm3) and some pupae were found which were later, based on hatched imagery, identified as the invasive mosquito species Aedes koreicus. Given the early finding of larvae, their number and age, we can conclude that this is the first record of the invasive genus Aedes overwintering in our area.
- MeSH
- Aedes * classification growth & development MeSH
- Climate Change MeSH
- Mosquito Vectors MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mosquito-Borne Diseases MeSH
- Introduced Species MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Ultrasound imaging of the thyroid gland is considered to be the best diagnostic choice for evaluating thyroid nodules in early stages, since it has been marked as cost-effective, non-invasive and risk-free. Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can offer a second opinion to radiologists, thereby increasing the overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound imaging. Although current CAD systems exhibit promising results, their use in clinical practice is limited. Some of the main limitations are that the majority use direction dependent features so, they are only compatible with static images in just one plane (axial or longitudinal), requiring precise segmentation of a nodule. Our intention has been to design a CAD system which will use only direction independent features i.e., not dependent upon the orientation or inclination angle of the ultrasound probe when acquiring the image. In this study, 60 thyroid nodules (20 malignant, 40 benign) were divided into small patches of 17 × 17 pixels, which were then used to extract several direction independent features by employing Two-Threshold Binary Decomposition, a method that decomposes an image into the set of binary images. The features were then used in Random Forests (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers to categorize nodules into malignant and benign classes. Classification was evaluated using group 10-fold cross-validation method. Performance on individual patches was then averaged to classify whole nodules with the following results: overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve: 95%, 95%, 95%, 0.971 for RF and; 91.6%, 95%, 90%, 0.965 for SVM respectively. The patch-based CAD system we present can provide support to radiologists in their current diagnosis of thyroid nodules, whereby it can increase the overall accuracy of ultrasound imaging.
- MeSH
- Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted methods MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted methods MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
- Support Vector Machine * MeSH
- Ultrasonography methods MeSH
- Thyroid Nodule diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
