Mate value is a construct that can be measured in various ways, ranging from complex but difficult-to-obtain ratings all the way to single-item self-report measures. Due to low sample sizes in previous studies, little is known about the relationship between mate value and demographic variables. In this article, we tested the Mate Value Scale, a relatively new, short, 4-item self-report measure in two large samples. In the first sample of over 1,000, mostly college-age participants, the scale was found to be reliable and correlated with criterion variables in expected ways. In the second, larger sample, which included over 21,000 participants, we have tested for differences across demographics. Contrary to theoretical expectations and previous findings with smaller samples, the differences were either very small (sexual orientation, age, education) or small (sex, socioeconomic status, relationship status) in terms of their effect size. This suggests that the scale is not measuring "objective" mate value (as understood either in terms of fitness or actual mating decisions by potential partners on the "market"), but a self-perception of it, open to social comparison, relative standards, possibly even biases, raising questions about measuring self-perceived versus objective mate value.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Psychometrics instrumentation standards MeSH
- Self Concept * MeSH
- Sexual Partners psychology MeSH
- Social Perception * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
We assessed the relative contribution of economic, personal, and affective power bases to perceived relationship power. Based on evolutionary studies, we predicted that personality dominance and mate value should represent alternative personal power bases. Our sample was comprised of 84 Czech heterosexual couples. We measured the economic power base using self-report scales assessing education, income and work status. Personal power bases were assessed using self-report measures of personality dominance (International Personality Item Pool Dominance and Assertiveness subscale from NEO Personality Inventory-Revised Extraversion scale), and partner-report measures of mate value (Trait-Specific Dependence Inventory, factors 2-6). The first factor of Trait-Specific Dependence Inventory, which measures agreeableness/commitment was used to assess the affective power base. Our results show that perceived relationship power is associated with a perception of partner's high agreeableness/commitment. Moreover, women's personality dominance and mate value are also linked with perceived relationship power, which supports our evolutionary prediction of dominance and mate value working as power bases for women. The stronger effect of women's than men's power bases may be due to gender differences in investment into relationships and/or due to transition to more equal relationships currently sought by women in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- Biological Evolution MeSH
- Heterosexuality * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Men MeSH
- Sexual Partners * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- MeSH
- Behavior MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Marriage MeSH
- Attitude MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Social Values MeSH
- Single Person MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
Sexually reproducing organisms require males and females to find each other. Increased difficulty of females finding mates as male density declines is the most frequently reported mechanism of Allee effects in animals. Evolving more effective mate search may alleviate Allee effects, but may depend on density regimes a population experiences. In particular, high-density populations may evolve mechanisms that induce Allee effects which become detrimental when populations are reduced and maintained at a low density. We develop an individual-based, eco-genetic model to study how mating systems and fitness trade-offs interact with changes in population density to drive evolution of the rate at which males or females search for mates. Finite mate search rate triggers Allee effects in our model and we explore how these Allee effects respond to such evolution. We allow a population to adapt to several population density regimes and examine whether high-density populations are likely to reverse adaptations attained at low densities. We find density-dependent selection in most of scenarios, leading to search rates that result in lower Allee thresholds in populations kept at lower densities. This mainly occurs when fecundity costs are imposed on mate search, and provides an explanation for why Allee effects are often observed in anthropogenically rare species. Optimizing selection, where the attained trait value minimizes the Allee threshold independent of population density, depended on the trade-off between search and survival, combined with monogamy when females were searching. Other scenarios led to runaway selection on the mate search rate, including evolutionary suicide. Trade-offs involved in mate search may thus be crucial to determining how density influences the evolution of Allee effects. Previous studies did not examine evolution of a trait related to the strength of Allee effects under density variation. We emphasize the crucial role that mating systems, fitness trade-offs and the evolving sex have in determining the density threshold for population persistence, in particular since evolution need not always take the Allee threshold to its minimum value.
- MeSH
- Biological Evolution * MeSH
- Genetic Fitness * MeSH
- Population Density MeSH
- Models, Genetic MeSH
- Mating Preference, Animal * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Housing MeSH
- Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Marriage MeSH
- Family MeSH
- Social Values MeSH
- Single Person MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- United Kingdom MeSH
Mate value is an important concept in mate choice research although its operationalization and understanding are limited. Here, we reviewed and evaluated previously established conceptual and methodological approaches measuring mate value and presented original research using individual differences in how people view themselves as a face-valid proxy for mate value in long- and short-term contexts. In data from 41 nations (N = 3895, Mage = 24.71, 63% women, 47% single), we tested sex, age, and relationship status effects on self-perceived mate desirability, along with individual differences in the Dark Triad traits, life history strategies, peer-based comparison of desirability, and self-reported mating success. Both sexes indicated more short-term than long-term mate desirability; however, men reported more long-term mate desirability than women, whereas women reported more short-term mate desirability than men. Further, individuals who were in a committed relationship felt more desirable than those who were not. Concerning the cross-sectional stability of mate desirability across the lifespan, in men, short- and long-term desirability rose to the age of 40 and 50, respectively, and decreased afterward. In women, short-term desirability rose to the age of 38 and decreased afterward, whereas long-term desirability remained stable over time. Our results suggest that measuring long- and short-term self-perceived mate desirability reveals predictable correlates.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Individuality * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Sexual Behavior MeSH
- Sexual Partners MeSH
- Choice Behavior * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
Efavirenz (EFV) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in first-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). It is usually administered with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), many of which are substrates of OCT uptake solute carriers (SLC22A) and MATE (SLC47A), P-gp (MDR1, ABCB1), BCRP (ABCG2), or MRP2 (ABCC2) efflux transporters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory potential of efavirenz towards these transporters and investigate its effects on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a known Oct/Mate substrate, lamivudine, in rats. Accumulation and transport assays showed that efavirenz inhibits the uptake of metformin by OCT1-, OCT2- and MATE1-expressing MDCK cells and reduces transcellular transport of lamivudine across OCT1/OCT2- and MATE1-expressing MDCK monolayers. Only negligible inhibition of MATE2-K was observed in HEK-MATE2-K cells. Efavirenz also reduced the efflux of calcein from MDCK-MRP2 cells, but had a rather weak inhibitory effect on Hoechst 33342 accumulation in MDCK-MDR1 and MDCK-BCRP cells. An in vivo pharmacokinetic interaction study in male Wistar rats revealed that intravenous injection of efavirenz or the control Oct/Mate inhibitor cimetidine significantly reduced the recovery of lamivudine in urine and greatly increased lamivudine retention in the renal tissue. Co-administration with efavirenz or cimetidine also increased the AUC0-∞ value and reduced total body clearance of lamivudine. These data suggest that efavirenz is a potent inhibitor of OCT/Oct and MATE/Mate transporters. Consequently, it can engage in drug-drug interactions that reduce renal excretion of co-administered substrates and enhance their retention in the kidneys, potentially compromising therapeutic safety.
- MeSH
- Benzoxazines pharmacology MeSH
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells MeSH
- Cimetidine pharmacology MeSH
- Renal Elimination MeSH
- HEK293 Cells MeSH
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors pharmacokinetics pharmacology urine MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Lamivudine pharmacokinetics pharmacology urine MeSH
- Kidney metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Metformin metabolism pharmacology MeSH
- Area Under Curve MeSH
- Half-Life MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Organic Cation Transport Proteins antagonists & inhibitors metabolism MeSH
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins antagonists & inhibitors metabolism MeSH
- Dogs MeSH
- ROC Curve MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Dogs MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Manželství v současné době silně konkuruje nesezdané soužití, proto jsme se převážně z demografického a sociologického hlediska zabývali problematikou zmapování změn v manželském chování u respondentů starších 20 let. Pro obšírnější přehled postojů obyvatel ČR k manželství jsme zvolili následující oblasti: subjektivně vnímané funkce manželství, podmínky před sňatkem, motivaci k manželství, očekávání od manželství, komunikaci o potřebách a přáních a rozdělení rolí v manželském vztahu. Ke sběru dat byl použit dotazník vlastní konstrukce založený na důkladné rešerši převážně tuzemské literatury. Získaná data byla testována analýzou hlavních komponent, jednofaktorovou analýzou rozptylu a Tukeyovým testem. Byly zjišťovány signifikantní rozdíly u respondentů 20–39 let a 60 a více let, přičemž tyto intervaly vychází z rozdělení dospělosti od Marie Vágnerové. Vzorek tvořilo celkem 199 respondentů, z toho 149 žen a 50 mužů. V manželství bylo 105 respondentů, svobodných 54, vdovec/vdova 10 respondentů, 12 bylo rozvedených a 18 respondentů mělo druha/družku. Výsledky analýz ukázaly statisticky významné rozdíly mezi respondenty 20–39 let a 60 a více let ve vnímaných funkcích manželství, v podmínkách před sňatkem, očekávání od manželství a rozdělení rolí v manželství.
Marriage is currently in a strong competition with cohabitation, that's why we focused on demographic and sociological aspects of changes in marital behavior among respondents older than 20 years. To get more comprehensive overview of the attitudes of the Czech population to marriage, we chose the following areas: a subjectively percieved function of marriage, the conditions before marriage, the motivation for marriage, the expectations of marriage, the communication about the needs and wishes and distribution of roles in the marital relationship. Data were collected using a questionnaire of our own design based on a thorough research of mainly local literature. The obtained data were tested by the principal component analysis, one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test. We detected significant differences among respondents 20–39 years and respondents 60 and over, where these intervals are based on a division of adulthood by Marie Vágnerová. The sample consisted of 199 respondents (149 women and 50 men). There were 105 respondents in marriage, 54 singles, 10 were widowed, 12 were divorced, and 18 respondents had a companion/mate. Results of the analyses showed statistically significant differences among respondents aged 20–39 years, and 60 or more years in perceived functions of marriage, the conditions before marriage, expectations of marriage and division of roles in marriage.
- MeSH
- Interpersonal Relations MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Marriage * MeSH
- Attitude MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Parenting MeSH
- Family Relations MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Comparative Study MeSH
- MeSH
- Family Characteristics history ethnology MeSH
- Demography methods utilization MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Quality of Life MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Marriage MeSH
- Population Dynamics history MeSH
- Population Growth MeSH
- Reproductive Behavior history psychology MeSH
- Interviews as Topic MeSH
- Divorce MeSH
- Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Research Design MeSH
- Employment MeSH
- Life Style MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Europe MeSH
