- MeSH
- Biological Evolution * MeSH
- Demography methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aging * physiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Objectives. The study aimed to explore which barriers adult people perceive when deciding whether to enter psychotherapy and how these barriers influence their decision to start psychotherapy. Sample and setting. The sample consisted of 392 adult respondents who considered entering individual psychotherapy during the last five years. They completed a questionnaire on perceived barriers to entering psychotherapy, the phase of decision-making, and the severity of psychological symptoms. Hypotheses. This was an exploratory study with the following questions: a) What is the perceived importance of specific barriers to entering psychotherapy? b) What groups (principal components) of barriers to entering psychotherapy can be identified? c) What is the relationship between the perceived importance of barriers and the decision to enter psychotherapy? Statistical analysis. The number of barriers was reduced using PCA. The relationship of the decision-making phase to other variables was explored via multinomial regression analysis. Results. The most severe barrier to entering psychotherapy were price, reluctance to express emotions in front of others and the assumption that one’s problems were not as severe as the problems of people in psychotherapy. Respondents who decided not to enter psychotherapy were older, expressed more distrust of psychotherapy, and perceived it as more stigmatizing than those who contacted a therapist. Respondents who decided to enter psychotherapy (but who had not contacted a therapist) had less severe symptoms and perceived psychotherapy as more stigmatizing than those who contacted a therapist.
Screening kolorektálního karcinomu představuje účinný nástroj redukce incidence a mortality tohoto onemocnění. Dokládají to jak epidemiologická data, tak mikrosimulační modely. Efektivního screeningu kolorektálního karcinomu lze dosáhnout pouze na bázi populačního screeningového programu, kde je každý jedinec osloven a pozván k vyšetření. Pokrytí screeningem v České republice dlouhodobě nedosahuje minimální hodnoty podle mezinárodních doporučení, kde je cíl alespoň 45 %. Tyto výsledky ukazují, že je zde stále prostor ke zlepšování. Zejména je nutné pokračovat v adresném zvaní a ve snahách o vyšší pokrytí cílové populace, například snížením dolní věkové hranice pro screeningovou kolonoskopii a zavedením centrálního úřadu pro adresné zvaní s jednotným vyhodnocováním testů na okultní krvácení.
Colorectal cancer screening is an effective tool for reducing the incidence and mortality of this disease. This is demonstrated by epidemiological data and microsimulation models too. Effective colorectal cancer screening can be achieved based on a population screening program where each individual is addressed and invited to the screening. Screening in the Czech Republic does not reach the minimum recommended coverage according to the international recommendation, where the target coverage by screening is at least 45 % of population. These results show that there is still space for improvement, especially there is needed to continue with address invitation to screening and continue in efforts to increase coverage by screening, for example by lowering the age limit for screening colonoscopy and introducing a central office for address invitations with a central evaluation of occult blood tests.
- MeSH
- Global Health MeSH
- Demography methods trends MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System trends MeSH
- Colonoscopy methods trends MeSH
- Colorectal Neoplasms * diagnosis epidemiology prevention & control MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Occult Blood MeSH
- Mass Screening * methods organization & administration MeSH
- Colonic Polyps diagnosis surgery prevention & control MeSH
- Preventive Medicine methods organization & administration trends MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Public Health MeSH
- Government Programs * methods organization & administration trends MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Keywords
- specifika chorob ve stáří, specifické změny orgánových systémů ve stáří, geriatrické syndromy,
- MeSH
- Demography methods trends MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures * standards trends utilization MeSH
- Drug Therapy methods MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Geriatrics * methods standards trends MeSH
- Education, Medical, Continuing methods trends MeSH
- Medical Oncology * classification trends MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged physiology psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Aging physiology pathology psychology MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged physiology psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- MeSH
- Demography * methods trends utilization MeSH
- Epidemiologic Studies MeSH
- Epidemiology * statistics & numerical data trends MeSH
- Cohort Studies MeSH
- Smoking adverse effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mortality history trends MeSH
- Lung Neoplasms etiology MeSH
- Observational Studies as Topic MeSH
- Registries standards statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Statistics as Topic * MeSH
- World Health Organization MeSH
- Models, Theoretical MeSH
- Research Design MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Keywords
- Gerontologie environmentální, Socialistické město ve vzpomínkách seniorů,
- MeSH
- Behavioral Research MeSH
- Demography methods trends utilization MeSH
- Ecology * history methods trends MeSH
- Geriatrics * methods trends MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Aging physiology psychology MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czechoslovakia MeSH
- Keywords
- Ageismus, Stárnutí české společnosti,
- MeSH
- Behavioral Research MeSH
- Demography methods trends MeSH
- Ageism * ethics psychology MeSH
- Geriatrics * methods trends MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Aging physiology pathology psychology MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Materiál a metodika: Odhad incidence, mortality a prevalence nádorů jater, žlučníku a pankreatu byl porovnán u mužů a žen v celém světě, více a méně vyspělých zemích, EU a ČR mezi roky 2008 a 2030. Výsledky: Z 749 744 nových nádorů jater ve světě v roce 2008 se podle databáze Globocan 2008 (IARC) uvádí 123 196 (16,4 %) případů ve vyspělých a 626 548 (83,6 %) v méně vyspělých zemích, 48 219 v EU a 843 v ČR; z 145 203 nových nádorů žlučníku 60 246 (41,5 %) ve vyspělých a 84 957 (58,5 %) v méně vyspělých zemích, 23 091 v EU a 941 v ČR; z 278 684 nových nádorů pankreatu 166 156 (59,6 %) ve vyspělých a 112 528 (40,4 %) v méně vyspělých zemích, 69 661 v EU a 1 950 v ČR. Jejich očekávané počty mohou v roce 2030 celosvětově dosáhnout 1,251 mil. nádorů jater, 258 tis. nádorů žlučníku a 499 tis. nádorů pankreatu. Z 695 726 zemřelých na nádory jater v roce 2008 se uvádí 115 286 (16,6 %) případů ve vyspělých a 580 440 (83,4 °/o) v méně vyspělých zemích, 46 727 v EU a 793 v ČR; z 109 587 zemřelých na nádory žlučníku 44 066 (40,2 %) ve vyspělých a 65 521 (59,8 %) v méně vyspělých zemích, 17 318 v EU a 768 vČR; z 266 669 zemřelých na nádory pankreatu 162 424 (61 %) ve vyspělých a 104 245 (40 %) v méně vyspělých zemích, 71116 v EU a 1763 vČR. V roce 2030 může úmrtnost celosvětově dosáhnout téměř 1,176 mil. zemřelých případů nádorů jater, 197 tis. nádorů žlučníku a 482 tis. nádorů pankreatu. Nemocní obou pohlaví s nádory jater nad 65 let dosáhli 68 % ze všech věkových kategorií ve více rozvinutých a 38% v méně rozvinutých zemích, s nádory žlučníku 79 % ve více rozvinutých a 50 % v méně rozvinutých zemích, s nádory pankreatu 70 % ve více rozvinutých a 54 % v méně rozvinutých zemích. Případy jednoleté prevalence v roce 2008 zahrnovaly v Asii 75,2% nádorů jater, 58,7% žlučníku a 37,6% pankreatu, v Evropě 10,8 % jater, 18,3 % žlučníku a 33,8 % pankreatu, v Severní Americe 4 % jater, 8,5 % žlučníku a 17 % pankreatu, v Africe 6 % jater, 2,3 % žlučníku a 3,1 % pankreatu. Varující vývoj incidence a mortality na tyto a další karcinomy trávicích cest by měl podpořit manažerskou a osobní odpovědnost s prevencí také v méně rozvinutých oblastech, aby se očekávané údaje světové statistiky nenaplnily. Závěr: Celková zátěž nádory jater, žlučníku a pankreatu ve světě představovala v roce 2008 asi 1,174 mil. nových onemocnění a může v roce 2030 překročit 2 mil. případů s větším rizikem zejména pro populaci v méně rozvinutých zemích.
Results: Of total worldwide 749,744 new liver cancers in 2008, based in Globocan 2008 (IARC) is estimated 123,196 (16.4%) cases in more developed and 626,548 (83.6%) in less developed regions, 48,219 in the EU and 843 in the Czech Republic; of total 145,382,660 new gallbladder cancers 60,246 (41,5%) cases in more developed and 84,957 (58,5%) in less developed regions, 23,091 in the EU and 941 in the Czech Republic; of total 278,684 new pancreas cancers 166,156 (59.6%) cases in more developed and 112, 528 (40.4%) in less developed regions, 69,661 in the EU and 1950 in the Czech Republic. In 2030 their expected numbers can reach 1,251 thousand cancers of liver, 258 thousand cancers of gallbladder and 499 thousand cancers of pancreas in the world. Of total worldwide 695,726 deaths for liver cancers in 2008, there were 115,286 (16.6%) cases in more developed and 580,440 (83.4%) in less developed regions, 46,727 in the EU and 793 in the Czech Republic; of total 109,587 deaths for gallbladder cancers were 44,066 (40.2%) cases in more developed and 65,521 (59.8%) in less developed regions, 17,318 in the EU and 768 in the Czech Republic; of total 266,669 deaths for pancreas cancers were 162,424 (61%) cases in more developed and 104,245 (40%) in less developed regions, 71,116 in the EU and 1763 in the Czech Republic. The expected numbers can reach in 2030 nearly 1,176 thousand deaths for cancers of liver, 197 thousand of gallbladder and 482 thousand of pancreas in the world. The cases of liver cancer aged 65 years and overreached in both gender 68% of all age in more developed and 38% in less developed regions, of gallbladder cancer 79% in more developed and 50% in less developed regions, of pancreas cancer 70% in more developed and 54% in less developed regions. The world distribution of one-year cancer prevalence was 75.2% of liver, 58.7% of gallbladder and 37.6% of pancreas in Asia, 10.8% of liver, 18.3% of gallbladder and 33.8% of pancreas in Europe, 4% of liver, 8.5% of gallbladder and 17% of pancreas in Northern America, 6% of liver, 2.3% of gallbladder and 3.1% of pancreas in Africa in 2008. Alarming trends of incidence and mortality for these and other gastrointestinal cancers, should supported the management and personal responsibility with the preventive projects, also in less developed regions, which would be failed to accomplish the expected worldvide statistics.
- Keywords
- kumulativní riziko, věkové zastoupení, očekávané počty, vybrané oblasti světa,
- MeSH
- Global Health classification trends MeSH
- Databases, Factual utilization MeSH
- Demography methods trends utilization MeSH
- Epidemiologic Studies MeSH
- European Union MeSH
- Risk Assessment MeSH
- Incidence MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- International Agencies MeSH
- Mortality MeSH
- Liver Neoplasms diagnosis epidemiology MeSH
- Pancreatic Neoplasms diagnosis epidemiology MeSH
- Biliary Tract Neoplasms diagnosis epidemiology MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Developing Countries MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Developed Countries MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
