Previous reports provided recommendations for familial renal glucosuria diagnosis without complex view on differential diagnosis of glucosuria. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the causes of glucosuria and to create an evidence-based diagnostic approach for children with glucosuria. We searched the current literature with a focus to identify the possible etiology of glucosuria, gaining insight into the pathophysiology of glucosuria. Urinary glucose is completely reabsorbed in the proximal tubule of kidneys. It only appears in the urine if the plasma glucose concentration exceeds the renal threshold for glucose or in the case of insufficient renal glucose reabsorption. The proteins that provide glucose reabsorption are SGLT2 and SGLT1 - sodium-dependent co-transporters that transport glucose from the lumen into epithelial cells - and GLUT2 - a passive transporter providing facilitative glucose transport from epithelial cells to plasma. Renal glucose reabsorption is affected in case of acquired or inherited complex dysfunction of proximal tubule called Fanconi Syndrome or due to pathogenic variants of genes encoding glucose transporters. Prior to diagnosing any of these, diabetes mellitus must be excluded together with other conditions leading to hyperglycemia. In conclusion, glucosuria is always an abnormal finding. The review provides a simple evidence-based diagnostic approach to navigate the differential diagnosis of glucosuria.

• MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Fanconi Syndrome diagnosis   complications   MeSH
• Glucose * metabolism   MeSH
• Glycosuria * diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Glucose Transporter Type 2 metabolism   MeSH
• Kidney Tubules, Proximal metabolism   MeSH
• Glycosuria, Renal * diagnosis   etiology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 metabolism   MeSH
• Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

BACKGROUND: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) face higher cancer risk because of immunosuppressive therapy used to prevent organ rejection. We hypothesized that SOTRs treated with radical cystectomy (RC) and pelvic lymph-node dissection (PLND) for bladder cancer (UBC) might have worse survival outcomes compared to non-SOTRs. This study aims to assess survival outcomes of SOTRs treated with RC and PLND for UBC compared to non-SOTRs. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 645 patients treated with RC and PLND for UBC, originating from our multicenter cooperation program (2002-2022), stratified in two groups according to previous solid organ transplantation. Co-primary endpoints were OS and CSS, assessed using mixed-effects Cox-analysis. Secondary endpoints included postoperative complications, readmission-rates, operation time, estimated blood loss and length of stay. RESULTS: Of the 361 patients analyzed (median follow-up: 17 months), 23 were SOTRs. SOTRs exhibited lower 12-month (70% vs. 80%) and 24-month (36% vs. 68%) OS-rates compared to non-SOTRs (P=0.011). Corresponding CSS-rates were also lower for SOTRs at 12 (81% vs. 85%) and 24 months (55% vs. 76%) (P=0.016). Multivariable Cox-regression identified a prior solid organ transplant (OR:5.2; P=0.002), higher pathologic-stage (OR:3.8; P=0.03 for pT2, OR:3.6; P=0.04 for pT3, OR:4.5; P=0.03 for pT4), and administration of "any systemic treatment" (OR:0.3; P=0.001) as OS predictors. For CSS, predictors were a prior solid organ transplant (OR:3.0; P=0.03), higher pathologic-stage (OR:9.8; P=0.04 for pT3, OR:13; P=0.02 for pT4), and administration of "any systemic treatment" (OR:0.4; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Solid organ transplant recipients undergoing RC and PLND for urinary UBC have worse survival outcomes compared to non-SOTRs. Our findings may impact patient counseling, follow-up, and planning future clinical trials.

• MeSH
• Cystectomy * methods   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lymph Node Excision MeSH
• Survival Rate MeSH
• Urinary Bladder Neoplasms * surgery   mortality   pathology   MeSH
• Postoperative Complications epidemiology   MeSH
• Transplant Recipients MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Organ Transplantation * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH

Monografie věnovaná životu a dílu skláře, vynálezce a léčitele Antonína Rückla, propagátora helioterapie a stavitele slunečních lázní, jež došly za první republiky značné obliby, zároveň však narazily na nezájem ze strany odborné veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• Architecture history   MeSH
• Heliotherapy history   MeSH
• Health Resorts history   MeSH
• Famous Persons MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH

• Conspectus
• Architektura
• NML Fields
• technika
• balneologie
• dějiny lékařství

• About
• Rückl, Antonín, 1871-1938 Authority

Milena Lenderová živě a se smyslem pro detail i pro širší souvislosti líčí dějiny žen v českých zemích od středověku po práh 21. století. Shrnuje a vysvětluje, jak se v průběhu dějin proměňovala dívčí puberta, s jakými ambicemi vstupovaly v různých dobách ženy do manželství či jak vnímaly své mateřství. Přichází s novou historickou perspektivou v pohledu na násilí vůči ženám ve veřejném i soukromém prostoru a zamýšlí se nad tím, jak se v průběhu staletí měnila ženská sexualita. Sleduje, kdy a jak ženy pronikly na trh práce a na univerzity, a nezapomíná ani na ty, jež se dostaly na opačnou stranu sociálního spektra na ženy zločinné.

• MeSH
• History, 15th Century MeSH
• History, 16th Century MeSH
• History, 17th Century MeSH
• History, 18th Century MeSH
• History, 19th Century MeSH
• History, 20th Century MeSH
• History, Medieval MeSH
• Ceremonial Behavior MeSH
• Sociological Factors MeSH
• Famous Persons MeSH
• Women's Rights history   MeSH
• Women history   MeSH
• Check Tag
• History, 15th Century MeSH
• History, 16th Century MeSH
• History, 17th Century MeSH
• History, 18th Century MeSH
• History, 19th Century MeSH
• History, 20th Century MeSH
• History, Medieval MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• Conspectus
• Globální společnosti. Sociální struktura. Sociální skupiny
• NML Fields
• sociologie

DOPA Decarboxylase (DDC) has been proposed as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker with increased concentrations in Lewy body disorders (LBDs) and highest levels in patients receiving dopaminergic treatment. Here we evaluate plasma DDC, measured by proximity extension assay, and the effect of dopaminergic treatment in three independent LBD (with a focus on dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD)) cohorts: an autopsy-confirmed cohort (n = 71), a large multicenter, cross-dementia cohort (n = 1498) and a longitudinal cohort with detailed treatment information (n = 66, median follow-up time[IQR] = 4[4, 4] years). Plasma DDC was not altered between different LBDs and other disease groups or controls in absence of treatment. DDC levels increased over time in PD, being significantly associated to higher dosages of dopaminergic treatment. This emphasizes the need to consider treatment effect when analyzing plasma DDC, and suggests that plasma DDC, in contrast to CSF DDC, is of limited use as a diagnostic biomarker for LBD, but could be valuable for treatment monitoring.

• MeSH
• Biomarkers * blood   cerebrospinal fluid   MeSH
• Lewy Body Disease * drug therapy   blood   cerebrospinal fluid   MeSH
• Dopa Decarboxylase * metabolism   MeSH
• Dopamine Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cohort Studies MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Parkinson Disease * drug therapy   blood   cerebrospinal fluid   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH

BACKGROUND: En bloc resection of bladder tumor (ERBT) is an established surgical treatment method for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in tumors less than 3 cm. Data regarding the efficacy and safety of ERBT on larger than 3 cm tumors are sparse and its efficacy compared to conventional transurethral resection (TURBT) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to prospectively compare the feasibility, safety and oncological outcomes of laser (Tm-fiber) ERBT and TURBT in patients with primary bladder lesions ≥3 cm. METHODS: A cohort of 45 patients who underwent surgery for primary NMIBC between February 2018 and March 2022 was collected prospectively. There was no randomization. All procedures were performed by two experienced surgeons. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age >18 years, primary Ta or T1 bladder tumor with a diameter of ≥3 cm, no more than 3 tumors and no history of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Exclusion criteria were carcinoma in situ or invasion into muscle layer (≥T2). ERBT was performed with thulium fiber laser (IPG, Russia). Primary endpoints included efficacy with recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 3, 6 and 12 months. Secondary endpoints were safety parameters, perioperative data and specimen quality (the presence of muscle layer in specimens). RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients underwent laser ERBT and 17 conventional TURBT. The location and size of the tumors were comparable in both groups. The success rate was 93.3% in the ERBT group with two cases of conversion from ERBT to TURBT. Detrusor muscle was present in 92.8% patients in the ERBT group versus 70.5% in the TURBT group (P=0.04). Obturator nerve reflex was observed only in the TURBT group: 17.6% vs. 0.0% (P=0.02). The frequency of other complications was comparable between the two groups. RFS was not statistically different between the two methods at 3 (93.9% vs. 94.1%, P=0.87), 6 (89.3% vs. 82.3%, P=0.5) and 12 months (89.3% vs. 70.6%, P=0.11). CONCLUSIONS: Laser ERBT is a feasible and safe procedure to manage bladder tumors larger than 3 cm. While it seems safer than TURBT, its effect on efficacy remains to be assessed in larger trials.

• MeSH
• Cystectomy * methods   MeSH
• Laser Therapy * methods   adverse effects   instrumentation   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Urinary Bladder Neoplasms * surgery   pathology   radiotherapy   MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Feasibility Studies MeSH
• Tumor Burden MeSH
• Urethra surgery   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

BACKGROUND: The outcomes after prolonged treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD) have not been previously investigated. METHODS: This analysis included 3538 patients from a multicenter study who underwent surgery for acute TAAD and were admitted to the cardiac surgical ICU. RESULTS: The mean length of stay in the cardiac surgical ICU was 9.9±9.5 days. The mean overall costs of treatment in the cardiac surgical ICU 24086±32084 €. In-hospital mortality was 14.8% and 5-year mortality was 30.5%. Adjusted analyses showed that prolonged ICU stay was associated with significantly lower risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR 0.971, 95%CI 0.959-0.982), and of five-year mortality (adjusted OR 0.970, 95%CI 0.962-0.977), respectively. Propensity score matching analysis yielded 870 pairs of patients with short ICU stay (2-5 days) and long ICU stay (>5 days) with balanced baseline, operative and postoperative variables. Patients with prolonged ICU stay (>5 days) had significantly lower in-hospital mortality (8.9% vs. 17.4%, <0.001) and 5-year mortality (28.2% vs. 30.7%, P=0.007) compared to patients with short ICU-stay (2-5 days). CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged ICU stay was common after surgery for acute TAAD. However, when adjusted for multiple baseline and operative variables as well as adverse postoperative events and the cluster effect of hospitals, it was associated with favorable survival up to 5 years after surgery.

• MeSH
• Aortic Aneurysm surgery   economics   mortality   MeSH
• Length of Stay * economics   MeSH
• Aortic Dissection * surgery   economics   mortality   MeSH
• Intensive Care Units * economics   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Hospital Mortality * MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Risk Assessment MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Carbon Dioxide * MeSH
• Preoperative Care * methods   MeSH
• Oxygen Consumption MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Letter MeSH
• Comment MeSH
• Editorial MeSH

BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of physical disability in childhood defined as a group of permanent disorders of movement. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 12-week aquatic exercise program on gross motor function, swimming skills, and walking ability in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Eighteen children (mean±SD age: 12.3±3 years) with cerebral palsy classified at levels I, II and III on the Gross Motor Function Classification System were allocated to one group, where the first 12 weeks were a control period while another 12 weeks were an experimental period. The participants underwent the same battery of tests focusing gross motor function, swimming skills, and walking ability on three occasions. RESULTS: Control period was stable with no significant changes in any of measurements. After the 12-week experimental program, a statistically significant improvement was determined in gross motor function (P=0.005), swimming skills (P=0.000), walking endurance and walking velocity (P=0.000). No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed for walking efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: The 12-week aquatic exercise program (3/week, 60 minutes), combining Halliwick method, swimming and walking activities may improve the gross motor function, swimming skills, walking endurance and velocity in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.

• MeSH
• Walking MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Cerebral Palsy * therapy   MeSH
• Swimming MeSH
• Movement MeSH
• Exercise Therapy methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Acute Disease MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Ureteral Obstruction * surgery   MeSH
• Stents * adverse effects   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Letter MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH