Plant invasiveness
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Coriolus versicolor (CV), known in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years, is currently used in China and Japan to reduce chemotherapy or radiotherapy side effects in cancer patients. Despite extensive research, its effects still need improvement. This study aimed to determine if combining CV extract with LY294002, an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway, enhances cancer cell treatment, potentially leading to a novel therapeutic approach. Three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HeLa, and A549) were treated with CV extract alone or combined with LY294002. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assays. Then, HeLa and MCF-7 cells most sensitive to the co-treatment were used to evaluate colony formation, apoptosis, cell cycle, cell migration and invasion, and phospho-PI3K expression. The results demonstrated that LY294002 enhanced the CV extract's anti-tumour effects by reducing cell viability and colony formation. The combined treatment with CV extract and LY294002 more effectively induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, promoted apoptosis, reduced cell invasion and migration, and inhibited phospho-PI3K expression compared to each agent alone. This study highlights the potent cytotoxic enhancement between CV extract and LY294002 on cancer cells, primarily by inhibiting phospho-PI3K expression. These findings suggest promising avenues for developing novel combination therapies targeting cancer.
- MeSH
- apoptóza * účinky léků MeSH
- buněčný cyklus účinky léků MeSH
- buňky A549 MeSH
- chromony * farmakologie MeSH
- fosfatidylinositol-3-kinasy metabolismus MeSH
- HeLa buňky MeSH
- inhibitory fosfoinositid-3-kinasy * farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MFC-7 buňky MeSH
- morfoliny * farmakologie MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- pohyb buněk * účinky léků MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- protinádorové látky farmakologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie chemie MeSH
- signální transdukce účinky léků MeSH
- synergismus léků MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
... Slabá) 8 -- 2.1 History 8 -- 2.1.1 Mendel\'s experiments with plant hybrids 8 -- 2.1.2 The rediscovery ... ... replication potential -- 8.5.4 Evasion of apoptosis -- 8.5.5 Induction of angiogenesis -- 8.5.6 Invasion ...
First edition 227 stran : ilustrace ; 30 cm
- Konspekt
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NLK Obory
- biologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most deaths causing diseases worldwide. Several risk factors including hormones like insulin and insulin like growth factors (e.g., IGF-1) have been considered responsible for growth and progression of colon cancer. Though there is a huge advancement in the available screening as well as treatment techniques for CRC. There is no significant decrease in the mortality of cancer patients. Moreover, the current treatment approaches for CRC are associated with serious challenges like drug resistance and cancer re-growth. Given the severity of the disease, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic agents with ideal characteristics. Several pieces of evidence suggested that natural products, specifically medicinal plants, and derived phytochemicals may serve as potential sources for novel drug discovery for various diseases including cancer. On the other hand, cancer cells like colon cancer require a high basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to maintain its own cellular functions. However, excess production of intracellular ROS leads to cancer cell death via disturbing cellular redox homeostasis. Therefore, medicinal plants and derived phytocompounds that can enhance the intracellular ROS and induce apoptotic cell death in cancer cells via modulating various molecular targets including IGF-1 could be potential therapeutic agents. Alkaloids form a major class of such phytoconstituents that can play a key role in cancer prevention. Moreover, several preclinical and clinical studies have also evidenced that these compounds show potent anti-colon cancer effects and exhibit negligible toxicity towards the normal cells. Hence, the present evidence-based study aimed to provide an update on various alkaloids that have been reported to induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells via targeting various cellular components including hormones and growth factors, which play a role in metastasis, angiogenesis, proliferation, and invasion. This study also provides an individual account on each such alkaloid that underwent clinical trials either alone or in combination with other clinical drugs. In addition, various classes of phytochemicals that induce ROS-mediated cell death in different kinds of cancers including colon cancer are discussed.
- MeSH
- alkaloidy * terapeutické užití MeSH
- hormony terapeutické užití MeSH
- insulinu podobný růstový faktor I MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory tračníku * farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
In vivo microscopy of plants with high-frequency imaging allows observation and characterization of the dynamic responses of plants to stimuli. It provides access to responses that could not be observed by imaging at a given time point. Such methods are particularly suitable for the observation of fast cellular events such as membrane potential changes. Classical measurement of membrane potential by probe impaling gives quantitative and precise measurements. However, it is invasive, requires specialized equipment, and only allows measurement of one cell at a time. To circumvent some of these limitations, we developed a method to relatively quantify membrane potential variations in Arabidopsis thaliana roots using the fluorescence of the voltage reporter DISBAC2(3). In this protocol, we describe how to prepare experiments for agar media and microfluidics, and we detail the image analysis. We take an example of the rapid plasma membrane depolarization induced by the phytohormone auxin to illustrate the method. Relative membrane potential measurements using DISBAC2(3) fluorescence increase the spatio-temporal resolution of the measurements and are non-invasive and suitable for live imaging of growing roots. Studying membrane potential with a more flexible method allows to efficiently combine mature electrophysiology literature and new molecular knowledge to achieve a better understanding of plant behaviors. Key features Non-invasive method to relatively quantify membrane potential in plant roots. Method suitable for imaging seedlings root in agar or liquid medium. Straightforward quantification.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The rising number of invasive fungal infections caused by drug-resistant Candida strains is one of the greatest challenges for the development of novel antifungal strategies. The scarcity of available antifungals has drawn attention to the potential of natural products as antifungals and in combinational therapies. One of these is catechins-polyphenolic compounds-flavanols, found in a variety of plants. In this work, we evaluated the changes in the susceptibility of Candida glabrata strain characterized at the laboratory level and clinical isolates using the combination of catechin and antifungal azoles. Catechin alone had no antifungal activity within the concentration range tested. Its use in combination with miconazole resulted in complete inhibition of growth in the sensitive C. glabrata isolate and a significant growth reduction in the azole resistant C. glabrata clinical isolate. Simultaneous use of catechin and miconazole leads to increased intracellular ROS generation. The enhanced susceptibility of C. glabrata clinical isolates to miconazole by catechin was accompanied with the intracellular accumulation of ROS and changes in the plasma membrane permeability, as measured using fluorescence anisotropy, affecting the function of plasma membrane proteins.
Many animals are dependent on microbial partners that provide essential nutrients lacking from their diet. Ticks, whose diet consists exclusively on vertebrate blood, rely on maternally inherited bacterial symbionts to supply B vitamins. While previously studied tick species consistently harbor a single lineage of those nutritional symbionts, we evidence here that the invasive tick Hyalomma marginatum harbors a unique dual-partner nutritional system between an ancestral symbiont, Francisella, and a more recently acquired symbiont, Midichloria. Using metagenomics, we show that Francisella exhibits extensive genome erosion that endangers the nutritional symbiotic interactions. Its genome includes folate and riboflavin biosynthesis pathways but deprived functional biotin biosynthesis on account of massive pseudogenization. Co-symbiosis compensates this deficiency since the Midichloria genome encompasses an intact biotin operon, which was primarily acquired via lateral gene transfer from unrelated intracellular bacteria commonly infecting arthropods. Thus, in H. marginatum, a mosaic of co-evolved symbionts incorporating gene combinations of distant phylogenetic origins emerged to prevent the collapse of an ancestral nutritional symbiosis. Such dual endosymbiosis was never reported in other blood feeders but was recently documented in agricultural pests feeding on plant sap, suggesting that it may be a key mechanism for advanced adaptation of arthropods to specialized diets.
- MeSH
- Francisella genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Ixodidae mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- přenos genů horizontální MeSH
- Rickettsiales genetika metabolismus MeSH
- symbióza fyziologie MeSH
- vitamin B komplex biosyntéza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
For non-native tree species with an origin outside of Europe a detailed compilation of enemy species including the severity of their attack is lacking up to now. We collected information on native and non-native species attacking non-native trees, i.e. type, extent and time of first observation of damage for 23 important non-native trees in 27 European countries. Our database includes about 2300 synthesised attack records (synthesised per biotic threat, tree and country) from over 800 species. Insects (49%) and fungi (45%) are the main observed biotic threats, but also arachnids, bacteria including phytoplasmas, mammals, nematodes, plants and viruses have been recorded. This information will be valuable to identify patterns and drivers of attacks, and trees with a lower current health risk to be considered for planting. In addition, our database will provide a baseline to which future impacts on non-native tree species could be compared with and thus will allow to analyse temporal trends of impacts.
V posledních desetiletích dochází celosvětově ke klimatickým změnám, které mohou mít mimo jiné dopad na délku a intenzitu pylové sezony a v dlouhodobějším horizontu mohou také vést k šíření rostlinných i živočišných druhů do oblastí, které byly dříve z hlediska osídlení těmito druhy nevyhovující. Klimatické změny se v různých částech světa projevují různým způsobem. Z aerobiologického hlediska proto není zatím celosvětově ani celoevropsky možné pozorovat jasné trendy ve snižování nebo zvyšování výskytu organických částic včetně alergenů v ovzduší. V podmínkách České republiky jsme od roku 1992 zaregistrovali trend k časnějšímu začátku pylové sezony prvních rozkvétajících dřevin lísky a olše, a to o7 až 10 dní. Pro alergologicky nejvýznamnější pylové alergeny– břízu, trávy, pelyněk a ambrozii – jsme zatím nezaznamenali signifikantní změny v době začátku, konce, délce trvání ani intenzitě jejich pylové sezony.
Climatic changes that have occurred in the last several decades worldwide might also have had an impact on the duration and intensity of pollen season, and in along-term horizon might lead to spreading of invasive species to regions that were previously unsuitable for them. From the world-wide perspective, climatic changes manifest themselves differently in various parts of the world. Therefore, from the aerobiological point of view, it is impossible to observe any global significant trends in occurrence of airborne organic particles, including allergens. The Czech Republic has witnessed atrend towards an earlier start of pollen season for hazel and alder, the earliest blooming woody species, by about 7–10days since 1992. As to the most important pollen allergens from the allergological point of view– birch, grasses, mugwort and ragweed, no significant shift in the start, end, length and intensity of their respective pollen seasons has been observed.
- MeSH
- alergie * MeSH
- klimatické změny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pyl škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Cryptococcosis is an invasive infection that accounts for 15% of AIDS-related fatalities. Still, treating cryptococcosis remains a significant challenge due to the poor availability of effective antifungal therapies and emergence of drug resistance. Interestingly, protease inhibitor components of antiretroviral therapy regimens have shown some clinical benefits in these opportunistic infections. We investigated Major aspartyl peptidase 1 (May1), a secreted Cryptococcus neoformans protease, as a possible target for the development of drugs that act against both fungal and retroviral aspartyl proteases. Here, we describe the biochemical characterization of May1, present its high-resolution X-ray structure, and provide its substrate specificity analysis. Through combinatorial screening of 11,520 compounds, we identified a potent inhibitor of May1 and HIV protease. This dual-specificity inhibitor exhibits antifungal activity in yeast culture, low cytotoxicity, and low off-target activity against host proteases and could thus serve as a lead compound for further development of May1 and HIV protease inhibitors.
- MeSH
- antifungální látky chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- aspartátové proteasy antagonisté a inhibitory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Cryptococcus neoformans enzymologie MeSH
- fungální proteiny antagonisté a inhibitory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- HIV-proteasa chemie metabolismus MeSH
- HIV enzymologie MeSH
- houby účinky léků MeSH
- katalytická doména MeSH
- krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
- preklinické hodnocení léčiv MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny biosyntéza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
- substrátová specifita MeSH
- vazebná místa MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
DNA transposons are defined as repeated DNA sequences that can move within the host genome through the action of transposases. The transposon superfamily Merlin was originally found mainly in animal genomes. Here, we describe a global distribution of the Merlin in animals, fungi, plants and protists, reporting for the first time their presence in Rhodophyceae, Metamonada, Discoba and Alveolata. We identified a great variety of potentially active Merlin families, some containing highly imperfect terminal inverted repeats and internal tandem repeats. Merlin-related sequences with no evidence of mobilization capacity were also observed and may be products of domestication. The evolutionary trees support that Merlin is likely an ancient superfamily, with early events of diversification and secondary losses, although repeated re-invasions probably occurred in some groups, which would explain its diversity and discontinuous distribution. We cannot rule out the possibility that the Merlin superfamily is the product of multiple horizontal transfers of related prokaryotic insertion sequences. Moreover, this is the first account of a DNA transposon in kinetoplastid flagellates, with conserved Merlin transposase identified in Bodo saltans and Perkinsela sp., whereas it is absent in trypanosomatids. Based on the level of conservation of the transposase and overlaps of putative open reading frames with Merlin, we propose that in protists it may serve as a raw material for gene emergence.
