... Syntaktické diagramy 467 -- C Konvence pro psaní programů v Pythonu 469 -- Literatura 472 -- Rejstřík ... ... Objekt, třída, instance 38 -- Objekt 38 -- Třída 38 -- Instance 38 -- 1.4 Nejdůležitější zvláštnosti Pythonu ... ... 102 -- Návrh podle kontraktu 103 -- 6.7 Složené příkazy a odsazování 105 -- Výhody a nevýhodjeloce Pythonu ... ... Speciální atributy 342 bases 343 class 343 dict 343 doc 343 -- 343 name 343 -- 18 -- Podrobný obsah qualname ... ... ) 355 super (/type/, obj ect-or-type//) 356 -- 23.10 Shrnutí 356 -- 24 Násobné dědění 357 -- 24.1 Python ...
1. elektronické vydání 1 online zdroj (480 stran)
Kniha je věnována aktuální verzi 3.9 jazyka Python. Využijí ji ti, kteří potřebují občas napsat jednoduchý program, je také vhodná jako doprovodná učebnice ke kurzům programování i jako referenční příručka.; Python vznikl jako jazyk, který měl laikům usnadnit vstup do světa programování a umožnit jim s co nejmenším úsilím vytvářet jednoduché programy.
Two experimental trials were performed to elucidate the role of rodents in the life cycle of Hepatozoon species using snakes as intermediate hosts. In one trial, two ball pythons, Python regius Shaw, 1802 were force fed livers of laboratory mice previously inoculated with sporocysts of Hepatozoon ayorgbor Sloboda, Kamler, Bulantová, Votýpka et Modrý, 2007. Transmission was successful in these experimentally infected snakes as evidenced by the appearance of intraerythrocytic gamonts, which persisted until the end of trial, 12 months after inoculation. Developmental stages of haemogregarines were not observed in histological sections from mice. In another experimental trial, a presence of haemogregarine DNA in mice inoculated with H. ayorgbor was demonstrated by PCR in the liver, lungs and spleen.
HL7 version 2 is the most popular messaging standard for clinical systems interoperability. Most of the tools for messaging management are Java or .NET based, while Python programming language lacks of comparable solutions. This paper describes HL7apy, an open-source HL7 v2 compliant messaging library, written in Python. The library offers means to create, parse, navigate and validate messages. As an example application, we present a full implementation of the IHE Patient Demographics Query ITI-21 transaction. The resulting module has been integrated in GNU Health, a popular open-source Hospital Information System.
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1. elektronické vydání 1 online zdroj (320 stran)
Nová kniha zkušeného autora volně navazuje na úspěšnou učebnici Začínáme programovat v jazyku Python, a proto předpokládá u čtenáře základní znalosti tohoto jazyka. Nesnaží se být učebnicí datové analýzy, je koncipovaná spíše jako referenční příručka seznamující s nejdůležitějšími moduly používanými při práci s daty a s možnostmi jejich využití.; Text předpokládá u čtenáře základní znalosti jazyka Python. Nesnaží se být učebnicí datové analýzy, je koncipovaná spíše jako referenční příručka seznamující s nejdůležitějšími moduly používanými při práci s daty a s možnostmi jejich využití.
Many respiratory pathogens compromise epithelial barrier function during lung infection by disrupting intercellular junctions, such as adherens junctions and tight junctions, that maintain intercellular integrity. This includes Streptococcus pneumoniae, a leading cause of pneumonia, which can successfully breach the epithelial barrier and cause severe infections such as septicemia and meningitis. Fluorescence microscopy analysis on intercellular junction protein manipulation by respiratory pathogens has yielded major advances in our understanding of their pathogenesis. Unfortunately, a lack of automated image analysis tools that can tolerate variability in sample-sample staining has limited the accuracy in evaluating intercellular junction organization quantitatively. We have created an open source, automated Python computer script called "Intercellular Junction Organization Quantification" or IJOQ that can handle a high degree of sample-sample staining variability and robustly measure intercellular junction integrity. In silico validation of IJOQ was successful in analyzing computer generated images containing varying degrees of simulated intercellular junction disruption. Accurate IJOQ analysis was further confirmed using images generated from in vitro and in vivo bacterial infection models. When compared in parallel to a previously published, semi-automated script used to measure intercellular junction organization, IJOQ demonstrated superior analysis for all in vitro and in vivo experiments described herein. These data indicate that IJOQ is an unbiased, easy-to-use tool for fluorescence microscopy analysis and will serve as a valuable, automated resource to rapidly quantify intercellular junction disruption under diverse experimental conditions.
BACKGROUND: The cerebellum is one of the major central nervous structures consistently altered in obesity. Its role in higher cognitive function, parts of which are affected by obesity, is mediated through projections to and from the cerebral cortex. We therefore investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cerebellocerebral connectivity. METHODS: We utilized the Human Connectome Project's Young Adults dataset, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioral data, to perform connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) restricted to cerebellocerebral connectivity of resting-state fMRI and task-based fMRI. We developed a Python-based open-source framework to perform CPM, a data-driven technique with built-in cross-validation to establish brain-behavior relationships. Significance was assessed with permutation analysis. RESULTS: We found that (i) cerebellocerebral connectivity predicted BMI, (ii) task-general cerebellocerebral connectivity predicted BMI more reliably than resting-state fMRI and individual task-based fMRI separately, (iii) predictive networks derived this way overlapped with established functional brain networks (namely, frontoparietal networks, the somatomotor network, the salience network, and the default mode network), and (iv) we found there was an inverse overlap between networks predictive of BMI and networks predictive of cognitive measures adversely affected by overweight/obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest obesity-specific alterations in cerebellocerebral connectivity, specifically with regard to task execution. With brain areas and brain networks relevant to task performance implicated, these alterations seem to reflect a neurobiological substrate for task performance adversely affected by obesity.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Body Mass Index * MeSH
- Connectome * methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging * methods MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Cerebellum * diagnostic imaging physiology MeSH
- Nerve Net diagnostic imaging physiology MeSH
- Obesity diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Recent studies of animal personality have focused on its proximate causation and ecological and evolutionary significance in particular, but the question of its development was largely overlooked. The attributes of personality are defined as between-individual differences in behaviour, which are consistent over time (differential consistency) and contexts (contextual generality) and both can be affected by development. We assessed several candidates for personality variables measured in various tests with different contexts over several life-stages (juveniles, older juveniles, subadults and adults) in the Northern common boa. Variables describing foraging/feeding decision and some of the defensive behaviours expressed as individual average values are highly repeatable and consistent. We found two main personality axes-one associated with foraging/feeding and the speed of decision, the other reflecting agonistic behaviour. Intensity of behaviour in the feeding context changes during development, but the level of agonistic behaviour remains the same. The juveniles and adults have a similar personality structure, but there is a period of structural change of behaviour during the second year of life (subadults). These results require a new theoretical model to explain the selection pressures resulting in this developmental pattern of personality. We also studied the proximate factors and their relationship to behavioural characteristics. Physiological parameters (heart and breath rate stress response) measured in adults clustered with variables concerning the agonistic behavioural profile, while no relationship between the juvenile/adult body size and personality concerning feeding/foraging and the agonistic behavioural profile was found. Our study suggests that it is important for studies of personality development to focus on both the structural and differential consistency, because even though behaviour is differentially consistent, the structure can change.
- MeSH
- Boidae physiology MeSH
- Behavior, Animal physiology MeSH
- Personality physiology MeSH
- Life Cycle Stages physiology MeSH
- Body Weight physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Building reliable and robust quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models is a challenging task. First, the experimental data needs to be obtained, analyzed and curated. Second, the number of available methods is continuously growing and evaluating different algorithms and methodologies can be arduous. Finally, the last hurdle that researchers face is to ensure the reproducibility of their models and facilitate their transferability into practice. In this work, we introduce QSPRpred, a toolkit for analysis of bioactivity data sets and QSPR modelling, which attempts to address the aforementioned challenges. QSPRpred's modular Python API enables users to intuitively describe different parts of a modelling workflow using a plethora of pre-implemented components, but also integrates customized implementations in a "plug-and-play" manner. QSPRpred data sets and models are directly serializable, which means they can be readily reproduced and put into operation after training as the models are saved with all required data pre-processing steps to make predictions on new compounds directly from SMILES strings. The general-purpose character of QSPRpred is also demonstrated by inclusion of support for multi-task and proteochemometric modelling. The package is extensively documented and comes with a large collection of tutorials to help new users. In this paper, we describe all of QSPRpred's functionalities and also conduct a small benchmarking case study to illustrate how different components can be leveraged to compare a diverse set of models. QSPRpred is fully open-source and available at https://github.com/CDDLeiden/QSPRpred .Scientific ContributionQSPRpred aims to provide a complex, but comprehensive Python API to conduct all tasks encountered in QSPR modelling from data preparation and analysis to model creation and model deployment. In contrast to similar packages, QSPRpred offers a wider and more exhaustive range of capabilities and integrations with many popular packages that also go beyond QSPR modelling. A significant contribution of QSPRpred is also in its automated and highly standardized serialization scheme, which significantly improves reproducibility and transferability of models.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
VÝCHODISKA: Výzkumy výtvarné produkce pacientů závislých na alkoholu a nealkoholových drogách se soustřeďují na kvalitu provedení, jen ojediněle na množství určitých symbolů. Kvantitativní výzkum užití základních barev spektra dosud nikdo (podle dostupných zdrojů) nepředložil. CÍLE: Práce je pokusem o ověření hypotézy, že kvantitativní výzkum výtvarné produkce je možný. Zároveň jsme se pokusili zjistit, zda zkoumaný soubor odhalí možné rozdíly v barevnosti u skupiny léčící se ze závislosti na alkoholu a skupiny, která užívá nealkoholové drogy. Také jsme chtěli zjistit, zda je rozdíl v užití barev u ženských a mužských pacientů. SOUBOR / DATA: Vybrali jsme první obrázky, které pacient namaluje při svém vstupu do léčebného procesu (arteterapie), a to od všech pacientů, kteří nastoupili na jedno z oddělení v běžném roce. METODY: Obrázky stejného zadání jsou malovány na stejném podkladu, formátu, stejnou technikou. Jsou dále sejmuty skenerem za stejných světelných podmínek, digitalizovány v RGB normě a upraveny programem Python 2.5 tak, abychom dostali počet pixelů každé ze tří barev. Statisticky se výsledky zpracovaly programem PAST 2.05. VÝSLEDKY: a) K vyhodnocení výtvarné produkce závislých pacientů lze použít také kvantitativní metody, b) Pacienti závislí na alkoholu užívají ve svém výtvarném projevu statisticky významně více červenou barvu nežli pacienti závislí na nealkoholových drogách, c) Rozdíl mezi muži a ženami v užívání některé barvy (RGB) nebyl ve zkoumaném vzorku statisticky významný. ZÁVĚRY: Z výsledků plyne, že osoby závislé na alkoholu se neverbálně (v arteterapii) vyjadřují v některých aspektech odlišně nežli osoby závislé na nealkoholových drogách. Proč tomu tak je a jakých oblastí neuronální sítě se odlišnost týká, by mohlo být tématem dalšího zkoumání.
BACKGROUND: Research regarding the art production of patients addicted to alcohol and non-alcohol drugs focuses on the quality of execution; the numbers of certain symbols are looked into only sporadically. No quantitative research concerned with the use of the basic colours of the spectrum has been presented yet (according to the available sources). AIMS: This work is an attempt to verify the hypothesis that quantitative research into art production is possible. We also tried to determine whether the study sample may show differences in the use of colours between the group being treated for alcohol dependency and the group of non-alcohol drug users. In addition, we sought to determine whether there was a difference between female and male patients in their use of colours. SAMPLE/DATA: We chose the first paintings created by all the patients immediately after their entering the therapeutic process (art therapy) at one of the departments in the current year. METHODS: Paintings of the same subject matter (as assigned) and format are painted on the same surface using the same tech- nique. They are then scanned under the same light conditions, digitalised using the RGB system and modified by means of the Python 2.5 program in order to obtain the number of pixels for each of the three colours. Statistically, the results were processed using the PAST 05.02 program. RESULTS: a) Quantitative methods can also be used to evaluate the artistic production of addicted patients. b) In their art work, the patients addicted to alcohol used statistically significantly more red then the patients addicted to non-alcohol drugs. c) Gender differences in the use of specific colours (RGB) were not statistically significant in the study sample. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the non-verbal expressions of people addicted to alcohol are different in certain aspects from those of people addicted to drugs other than alcohol. Why it is so and what areas of neuronal networks may be responsible for these differences could be the subject of further examination.
- Keywords
- kvantitativní výzkum, alkohol, fenomenální prostor, RGB, histogram, dyspinxie,
- MeSH
- Alcoholics psychology MeSH
- Alcoholism psychology therapy MeSH
- Art Therapy methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Color MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Evaluation Studies as Topic MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Paintings psychology MeSH
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods statistics & numerical data utilization MeSH
- Substance-Related Disorders psychology therapy MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Sex Distribution MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
S3EPY is a Python extension to the program Sparky written to facilitate the assessment of coupling constants from in-phase/antiphase and spin-state-selective excitation (S(3)E) experiments. It enables the routine use of small scalar couplings by automating the coupling evaluation procedure. S3EPY provides an integrated graphical user interface to programs which outputs graphs and the table of determined couplings.
