Plicní hypertenze je definována jako syndrom charakterizovaný zvýšením středního tlaku v plicnici > 20 mm Hg. Plicní arteriální hypertenze (PAH) je vzácné onemocnění, které tvoří přibližně 1 % všech případů chronické plicní hypertenze. V patofyziologii je rozhodující iniciálně vazokonstrikce a pak remodelace na úrovni plicních arteriol provázená postupným nárůstem plicní cévní rezistence a chronickým tlakovým za tížením pravé komory srdeční. V léčbě PAH dominuje farmakoterapie. U nemocných s pozitivním vazodila tačním testem je indikována léčba vysokými dávkami blokátorů kalciových kanálů. V případě negativního testu (většina nemocných) je indikována farmakoterapie prostanoidy, agonisty prostacyklinových receptorů, antagonisty endotelinových receptorů, inhibitory fosfodiesterázy 5 a stimulátory solubilní guanylátcyklázy (iniciální kombinační léčba u pacientů bez kardiopulmonálních komorbidit, iniciální monoterapie u pacien tů s kardiopulmonálními komorbiditami, opakovaná reevaluace během sledování a adekvátní modifikace léčby). Nadále vysoká mortalita pacientů léčených v současné době pro PAH podle těchto doporučení do kumentuje naléhavou potřebu nejen časnější diagnózy, ale také účinnější léčby. Zásadní změnu ve farma koterapii PAH od posledních doporučení Evropské kardiologické společnosti (ESC) / Evropské respirační společnosti (ERS) z roku 2022 představuje sotatercept, který vede k navození balancované signalizace mezi proliferačním působením signální cesty aktivinu a antiproliferačním působením kostního morfogenetického proteinu. Vazbou na ligandy receptoru pro aktivin moduluje sotatercept proliferaci, a tak představuje první terapeutickou možnost u PAH dominantně ovlivnit cévní remodelaci na úrovni plicních arteriol jako klíčový patogenetický mechanismus.

Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a syndrome characterized by an increase of the mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease that accounts for approximately 1% of all cases of chronic pulmonary hypertension. In the pathophysiology, the key factor is initially vasoconstriction, followed by remodeling of pulmonary arterioles, accompanied by an increase of pulmonary vascular resistance and the right ventricle chronic pressure overload. In the treatment of PAH, medical therapy is dominant. Patients with a positive vasoreactivity testing are indicated for treatment with high doses of calcium channel blockers. In the case of a negative test (in most patients), medical therapy with prostanoids, prostacyclin receptor agonists, endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, and soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators is indicated (initial combination therapy for patients without cardiopulmonary comorbidities, initial monotherapy for patients with cardiopulmonary comorbidities, repeated reevaluation during follow-up and appropriate modification of treatment). The still high mortality of patients currently treated for PAH according to these recommendations documents the urgent need not only for earlier diagnosis but also for a more effective treatment. A major change in the medical therapy of PAH since the last 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines is sotatercept, which leads to the induction of balanced signaling between the proliferative effects of the activin signaling pathway and the antiproliferative effects of bone morphogenetic protein. By binding to activin receptor ligands, sotatercept modulates proliferation and thus represents the first therapeutic option to predominantly influence vascular remodeling of pulmonary arterioles, which is a key pathophysiological mechanism in PAH.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) formation is one of the well-known and serious complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to the risk of systemic arterial embolization (SE). To diagnose LVT, echocardiography (TTE) is used. Late gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DE-CMR) is the gold standard for diagnosing LVT. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this observational study was to determine the role of transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac markers in predicting the occurrence of LVT compared with a reference cardiac imaging (DE-CMR) and to determine the risk of systemic embolization to the CNS using brain MRA. METHODS: Seventy patients after MI managed by percutaneous coronary intervention (localization: 92.9% anterior wall, 7% other; median age 58.7 years) were initially examined by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE, n=69) with a focus on LVT detection. Patients were then referred for DE-CMR (n=55). Laboratory determination of cardiac markers (Troponin T and NTproBNP) was carried out in all. Brain MRA was performed 1 year apart (n=51). RESULTS: The prevalence of LVT detected by echocardiography: (n=11/69, i.e. 15.9%); by DE-CMR: (n=9/55, i.e. 16.7%). Statistically significant parameters to predict the occurrence of LVT after AMI (cut off value): (a) detected by echocardiography: anamnestic data - delay (≥ 5 hours), echocardiographic parameters - left atrial volume index (LAVI≥ 32 mL/m2), LV EF Simpson biplane and estimated (≤ 42%), tissue Doppler determination of septal A wave velocity (≤ 7.5cm/s); (b) detected by DE-CMR: anamnestic data - delay (≥ 13 hours), DE-CMR parameters - left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (≥ 54mm). The value of cardiac markers (Troponin T and NTproBNP in ng/L) in LVT detected by echocardiography did not reach statistical significance. In LVT detected by DE-CMR, NTproBNP was statistically significantly increased at 1 month after AMI onset (no optimal cut-off value could be determined). There was no statistically significant association between the LVT detection (both modalities) and the occurrence of clinically manifest and silent cardioembolic events. CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed a relatively high prevalence of LVT in the high-risk group of patients with anterior wall STEMI. Due to the low prevalence of thromboembolic complications, no significant association between the LVT detection and the occurrence of a cardioembolic event was demonstrated.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• echokardiografie MeSH
• infarkt myokardu * komplikace   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• natriuretický peptid typu B krev   MeSH
• peptidové fragmenty krev   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdeční komory diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• trombóza * etiologie   diagnostické zobrazování   epidemiologie   MeSH
• troponin T krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is pivotal in managing heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and walking integrated into daily life is an especially suitable form of physical activity. This study aimed to determine whether a 6-month lifestyle walking intervention combining self-monitoring and regular telephone counseling improves functional capacity assessed by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in patients with stable heart failure with reduced ejection fraction compared with usual care. METHODS: The WATCHFUL trial (Pedometer-Based Walking Intervention in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction) was a 6-month multicenter, parallel-group randomized controlled trial recruiting patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction from 6 cardiovascular centers in the Czech Republic. Eligible participants were ≥18 years of age, had left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, and had New York Heart Association class II or III symptoms on guidelines-recommended medication. Individuals exceeding 450 meters on the baseline 6MWT were excluded. Patients in the intervention group were equipped with a Garmin vívofit activity tracker and received monthly telephone counseling from research nurses who encouraged them to use behavior change techniques such as self-monitoring, goal-setting, and action planning to increase their daily step count. The patients in the control group continued usual care. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the distance walked during the 6MWT at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included daily step count and minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity as measured by the hip-worn Actigraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein biomarkers, ejection fraction, anthropometric measures, depression score, self-efficacy, quality of life, and survival risk score. The primary analysis was conducted by intention to treat. RESULTS: Of 218 screened patients, 202 were randomized (mean age, 65 years; 22.8% female; 90.6% New York Heart Association class II; median left ventricular ejection fraction, 32.5%; median 6MWT, 385 meters; average 5071 steps/day; average 10.9 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day). At 6 months, no between-group differences were detected in the 6MWT (mean 7.4 meters [95% CI, -8.0 to 22.7]; P=0.345, n=186). The intervention group increased their average daily step count by 1420 (95% CI, 749 to 2091) and daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity by 8.2 (95% CI, 3.0 to 13.3) over the control group. No between-group differences were detected for any other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas the lifestyle intervention in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction improved daily steps by about 25%, it failed to demonstrate a corresponding improvement in functional capacity. Further research is needed to understand the lack of association between increased physical activity and functional outcomes. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03041610.

• MeSH
• chůze MeSH
• dysfunkce levé srdeční komory * MeSH
• funkce levé komory srdeční MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdeční selhání * terapie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• tepový objem MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Východiska: Přežití pacientů s neuroendokrinními nádory se výrazně zlepšilo s použitím moderní onkologické léčby. Asociovaný karcinoidový syndrom může být časně diagnostikován, přesto se stále můžeme setkat s jeho kardiální manifestací, zvláště pak u jedinců s přetrvávajícími vysokými hladinami vazoaktivních mediátorů. Léčebné možnosti u plně vyjádřeného kardiálního postižení bývaly limitovány na chirurgickou náhradu chlopní, která není vždy proveditelná. Transkatetrové chlopenní intervence se proto stávají zajímavou alternativou k operačním metodám. Případ: Prezentujeme případ 50leté pacientky s karcinoidovým syndromem a postižením pravostranných srdečních chlopní. Během evaluace neuroendokrinního nádoru byla diagnostikována středně těžká pulmonální stenóza a těžká trikuspidální regurgitace. Detailně je popsáno vzácně se vyskytující chlopenní postižení a zdůrazněna nutnost mezioborové spolupráce při diagnostice a léčbě neuroendokrinních tumorů s produkcí vazoaktivních substancí. Závěr: U pacientky byla vyjádřena velmi vzácná kardiální manifestace karcinoidového syndromu. Ačkoliv léčba byla vedena v souladu s platnými doporučeními a s ohledem na aktuální klinický stav, rychlá progrese metastatického onemocnění nakonec znemožnila zvažovanou invazivní chlopenní intervenci.

Background: The survival of patients with neuroendocrine tumors has substantially improved with modern treatment options. Although the associated carcinoid syndrome can be diagnosed early and controlled effectively, cardiologists still encounter patients with cardiac manifestations, particularly among individuals with persistently high levels of vasoactive mediators. Treatment options have been limited to surgical valve replacement in fully manifested disease. Since surgery is not always feasible, transcatheter valve implantation is becoming an interesting alternative. Case: A case of a 50-year-old woman with carcinoid syndrome and right-sided valvular heart disease is presented. Moderate pulmonary valve stenosis and severe tricuspid valve regurgitation were diagnosed during the evaluation and treatment of neuroendocrine tumor. The possibility of rare valve involvement and the need for interdisciplinary cooperation in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of patients with neuroendocrine tumors producing vasoactive substances must be emphasized. Conclusion: The patient had a typically presenting carcinoid syndrome with a rare cardiac manifestation. Although monitoring and treatment were carried out in accordance with recommendations and appropriate to the clinical condition, rapid progression of the metastatic disease ultimately precluded invasive cardiac intervention.

• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• echokardiografie MeSH
• fatální výsledek MeSH
• karcinoidní nemoc srdce chirurgie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maligní karcinoidní syndrom * chirurgie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• nádory jater diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   sekundární   MeSH
• neuroendokrinní nádory chirurgie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• stenóza pulmonální chlopně * diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• trikuspidální insuficience diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and potentially life-threatening diagnosis when a certain amount of thrombotic mass obstructs blood flow through the pulmonary circulation. The finding of acute and subacute ischaemic foci on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in a group of patients with this diagnosis in whom we demonstrate the presence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) by transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is surprisingly high. METHODS: A total of 129 patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (confirmed by computed tomography with contrast agent, CTA) who consented to further examination were examined by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with contrast agent, underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain according to a specific protocol, and underwent a comprehensive baseline laboratory examination. RESULTS: In our group of 129 patients, we found the presence of PFO in 36.4% (n=47) of them. A total of 5.4% (n=7) patients had asymptomatic acute and subacute ischaemic changes on brain MRI; 6 of them had concomitant PFO. The statistically significant correlation between troponin levels and the presence of pathological findings on MRI and the trend of a similar correlation for NT-proBNP values is also very interesting finding. CONCLUSIONS: The association between the presence of PFO and the occurrence of symptomatic or asymptomatic findings on brain MRI is a well-known fact (the issue of paradoxical embolism) but the high frequency of acute and subacute lesions on brain MRI in the group of patients with a diagnosis of acute PE is surprising.

• MeSH
• akutní nemoc MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• echokardiografie transezofageální MeSH
• echokardiografie MeSH
• foramen ovale apertum * komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• ischemie mozku diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• plicní embolie * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of coronary steno-occlusive disease and acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. In patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), there is unquestionable evidence that primary percutaneous coronary intervention providing recanalization of the infarct related artery (IRA) is the preferred reperfusion strategy. Nevertheless, up to 50% of patients with STEMI have multivessel coronary artery disease defined as at least 50% stenosis exclusive of IRA. There is conflicting data regarding the optimal treatment strategy and timing in such patients. Currently, it is assumed that stable patients might benefit from complete revascularization particularly in reducing the need for future unplanned procedures but only culprit lesion should be treated during index procedure in unstable patients. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of this important and currently highly debated topic.

• MeSH
• akutní koronární syndrom * etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• infarkt myokardu s elevacemi ST úseků * etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• infarkt myokardu * MeSH
• koronární angioplastika * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen * komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• srdeční arytmie MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

AIMS: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) shows potential predictive value in various cardiac conditions. We investigated relationships between GDF15 and clinical or procedural outcomes in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in order to propose clinically useful predictive risk stratification model. METHODS: This prospective single-center registry enrolled 88 consecutive patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis treated with TAVI. Clinical parameters were collected and biomarkers including GDF-15 were measured within 24 h before TAVI. All relevant clinical outcomes according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 were collected over the follow-up period. RESULTS: The cohort included 52.3% of females. The mean age of study participants was 81 years; the mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score and logistic EuroSCORE were 3.6% and 15.4%, respectively. The mortality over the entire follow-up period was 10.2%; no death was observed within the first 30 days following TAVI. Univariate analysis showed significant associations between GDF15 and mortality (P=0.0006), bleeding (P=0.0416) and acute kidney injury (P=0.0399). A standard multivariate logistic regression model showed GDF-15 as the only significant predictor of mortality (P=0.003); the odds ratio corresponding to an increase in GDF15 of 1000 pg/mL was 1.22. However, incremental predictive value was not observed when the STS score was combined with GDF15 in this predictive model. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our observations, preprocedural elevated GDF15 levels are associated with increased mortality and demonstrate their additional value in predicting adverse clinical outcomes in a TAVI population.

• MeSH
• aortální stenóza * chirurgie   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• růstový diferenciační faktor 15 MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• transkatetrální implantace aortální chlopně * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH