Somatosensory cortex
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Since the somatosensory system is believed to be affected in focal dystonia, we focused on the modulation of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in order to improve symptoms of writer's cramp. Patients with writer's cramp (N=9 in the pilot study and N=11 in the advanced study) were treated with 30-minute 1 Hz real- or sham-rTMS of the SI cortex every day for 5 days. Before and after rTMS, 1.5 T fMRI was examined during simple hand movements. While in the pilot study the rTMS coil was navigated over the SI cortex with a maximum of blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signal induced by passive movement, patients in the advanced study had the coil above the postcentral sulcus. After real-rTMS, 4 pilot study patients and 10 advanced study patients experienced subjective and objective improvement in writing, while only minimal changes were observed after sham-rTMS. Patients involved in the active movement task exhibited a rTMS-induced BOLD signal increase bilaterally in the SI cortex, posterior parietal cortex and in the supplementary motor area (P<0.001 corrected). After sham-rTMS, no BOLD signal changes were observed. In conclusion, 1 Hz rTMS of the SI cortex can improve writer's cramp while increasing the cortical activity in both hemispheres. Handwriting improved in most patients, as well as the subjective benefit, and lasted for 2-3 weeks. The beneficial effects of rTMS paralleled the functional reorganization in the SI cortex and connected areas, reflecting the impact of somatosensory system on active motion control.
- MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dystonické poruchy terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mapování mozku MeSH
- mozková kůra patofyziologie účinky záření MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- placebo MeSH
- psaní rukou MeSH
- somatosenzorické korové centrum patofyziologie účinky záření MeSH
- transkraniální magnetická stimulace MeSH
- záření MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the differences at the whole-brain level between self-paced and cued movement processing in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: High density electroencephalogram (HD-EEG) was recorded during the performance of self-paced movements (Bereitschaftspotential - BP) and visually cued movements (VMT) in PD patients (n = 38) and in a group of healthy controls (HC, n = 23). Oscillatory changes in the alpha, beta, and gamma frequencies were evaluated and correlated to the clinical scales- MDS-UPDRS and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ). RESULTS: The main difference in the alpha range was an activation in the basal ganglia area during VMT performance as compared to BP performance; this activation was present only in HC. The most important finding was observed in the high beta range: a higher activation of the right postcentral area during BP performance in PD subjects as compared to HC, correlating to the severity of FOG. Moreover, PD patients had lower gamma activation of the right frontal areas. CONCLUSION: A simplification of motor circuits and a hyperactivation of the right somatosensory cortex were observed in PD subjects. SIGNIFICANCE: Future studies should be focused on this area to confirm or disprove its role in FOG.
- MeSH
- elektroencefalografie * metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc * patofyziologie MeSH
- podněty MeSH
- pohyb fyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- somatosenzorické korové centrum * patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Objective.For decades electrical stimulation has been used in neuroscience to investigate brain networks and been deployed clinically as a mode of therapy. Classically, all methods of electrical stimulation require implanted electrodes to be connected in some manner to an apparatus which provides power for the stimulation itself.Approach. We show the use of novel organic electronic devices, specifically organic electrolytic photocapacitors (OEPCs), which can be activated when illuminated with deep-red wavelengths of light and correspondingly do not require connections with external wires or power supplies when implanted at various depthsin vivo. Main results. We stimulated cortical brain tissue of mice with devices implanted subcutaneously, as well as beneath both the skin and skull to demonstrate a wireless stimulation of the whisker motor cortex. Devices induced both a behavior response (whisker movement) and a sensory response in the corresponding sensory cortex. Additionally, we showed that coating OEPCs with a thin layer of a conducting polymer formulation (PEDOT:PSS) significantly increases their charge storage capacity, and can be used to further optimize the applied photoelectrical stimulation.Significance. Overall, this new technology can provide an on-demand electrical stimulation by simply using an OEPC and a deep-red wavelength illumination. Wires and interconnects to provide power to implanted neurostimulation electrodes are often problematic in freely-moving animal research and with implanted electrodes for long-term therapy in patients. Our wireless brain stimulation opens new perspectives for wireless electrical stimulation for applications in fundamental neurostimulation and in chronic therapy.
- MeSH
- elektrická stimulace metody MeSH
- implantované elektrody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek * fyziologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- somatosenzorické korové centrum * MeSH
- zdroje elektrické energie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Converging data on focal dystonias suggest a widespread disorder of somatosensory processing. The aims of our study were, first, to assess somatosensory activation patterns in cervical dystonia (CD) beyond the representation of the affected body parts and, second, to search for task-related activation changes induced by botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) therapy. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during electrical median nerve stimulation was employed in seven CD patients and nine controls; the examination was repeated 4 weeks after BoNT-A application to dystonic neck muscles. The pretreatment activation map of patients showed activation in the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex, but missing activation in the secondary somatosensory cortex and insula, in contrast to controls and patients after treatment. Clinically significant effect of BoNT-A therapy was associated with a significant increase of BOLD response in the contralateral secondary somatosensory, insular, and inferior parietal cortices. The posttreatment somatosensory maps of patients did not significantly differ from controls. This study has brought evidence of widespread disruption of somatosensory processing in CD and its modification with BoNT-A therapy.
- MeSH
- botulotoxiny typu A farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- injekce intramuskulární metody MeSH
- krční svaly účinky léků inervace patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nervosvalové látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- somatosenzorické korové centrum patofyziologie MeSH
- somatosenzorické poruchy farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- tortikolis farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
