Trap spaces
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430 s.
- Klíčová slova
- netóza,
- MeSH
- aktivace neutrofilů imunologie MeSH
- autoimunita imunologie MeSH
- buněčná smrt imunologie MeSH
- extracelulární pasti * fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- extracelulární prostor imunologie MeSH
- imunitní systém fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- infekce imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory imunologie MeSH
- neutrofily * imunologie MeSH
- přirozená imunita imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed by activated neutrophils during the process of NETosis in which the nuclear material is released into extracellular space, including DNA molecules, citrullinated histones, and neutrophil granule enzymes, such as elastase. This material forms networks that are able not only to physically entrap bacteria but also to provide elevated concentration of bactericidal components. Over the last years, it has become clear that NETs can also be formed under numerous sterile inflammatory conditions, i.e., thrombosis, cancer, SLE, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. METHOD: We reviewed studies published until July 2016 to find possible associations between elevated cell-free DNA levels in dialyzed patients and the process of NETosis and its consequences. RESULTS: The process of NETosis, its elevated activation, or impaired clearance provides the link between clinical conditions and elevated levels of cell-free DNA found in plasma after the hemodialytic procedure which itself is able to activate neutrophils via platelets and ROS formation. NETs stimulate thrombosis and endothelial damage, and their formation may contribute to the development of spectrum of comorbidities described in dialyzed patients. CONCLUSION: The study of plasma cell-free DNA levels together with markers of NETosis could contribute to the evaluation of the influence of hemodialysis on the immune system of patients.
- MeSH
- dialýza ledvin * MeSH
- extracelulární pasti * MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membrány umělé MeSH
- neutrofily MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Circulating extracellular DNA (ecDNA) is known to worsen the outcome of many diseases. ecDNA released from neutrophils during infection or inflammation is present in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). It has been shown that higher ecDNA concentration occurs in a number of inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Enzymes such as peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) are crucial for NET formation. We sought to describe the dynamics of ecDNA concentrations and fragmentation, along with NETosis during a mouse model of chemically induced colitis. Plasma ecDNA concentration was highest on day seven of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) intake and the increase was time-dependent. This increase correlated with the percentage of cells undergoing NETosis and other markers of disease activity. Relative proportion of nuclear ecDNA increased towards more severe colitis; however, absolute amount decreased. In colon explant medium, the highest concentration of ecDNA was on day three of DSS consumption. Early administration of PAD4 inhibitors did not alleviate disease activity, but lowered the ecDNA concentration. These results uncover the biological characteristics of ecDNA in IBD and support the role of ecDNA in intestinal inflammation. The therapeutic intervention aimed at NETs and/or nuclear ecDNA has yet to be fully investigated.
- MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- deoxyribonukleasy metabolismus MeSH
- DNA krev metabolismus MeSH
- endoskopie MeSH
- extracelulární pasti účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- extracelulární prostor metabolismus MeSH
- kolitida krev chemicky indukované patologie MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA krev MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- ornithin analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- peptidylarginindeiminasa typu 4 metabolismus MeSH
- síran dextranu MeSH
- streptonigrin farmakologie MeSH
- střeva účinky léků patologie MeSH
- střevní sliznice účinky léků patologie MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- zánět krev patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Plasma membrane proteins synthesised at the endoplasmic reticulum are delivered to the cell surface via sorting pathways. Hydrophobic mismatch theory based on the length of the transmembrane domain (TMD) dominates discussion about determinants required for protein sorting to the plasma membrane. Transmembrane adaptor proteins (TRAP) are involved in signalling events which take place at the plasma membrane. Members of this protein family have TMDs of varying length. We were interested in whether palmitoylation or other motifs contribute to the effective sorting of TRAP proteins. We found that palmitoylation is essential for some, but not all, TRAP proteins independent of their TMD length. We also provide evidence that palmitoylation and proximal sequences can modulate sorting of artificial proteins with TMDs of suboptimal length. Our observations point to a unique character of each TMD defined by its primary amino acid sequence and its impact on membrane protein localisation. We conclude that, in addition to the TMD length, secondary sorting determinants such as palmitoylation or flanking sequences have evolved for the localisation of membrane proteins.
- MeSH
- adaptorové proteiny signální transdukční chemie metabolismus MeSH
- buněčná membrána metabolismus MeSH
- extracelulární prostor chemie MeSH
- glykosylace MeSH
- HEK293 buňky MeSH
- HeLa buňky MeSH
- Jurkat buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipoylace * MeSH
- membránové proteiny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
- transport proteinů MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Zprávy ; č. 140
112 s. : il. ; 21 cm
Informace a strategie léčby pro ty, kteří se trápí přehnaným strachem z cestování dopravními prostředky, nakupování v obchodech, strachem z výtahů, otevřených prostranství, dopl. Autentickými příběhy.
- MeSH
- agorafobie MeSH
- psychoterapeutické procesy MeSH
- relaxace MeSH
- úzkostné poruchy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- příručky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Psychologie
- NLK Obory
- psychologie, klinická psychologie
- psychiatrie
In polarizable materials, electronic charge carriers interact with the surrounding ions, leading to quasiparticle behavior. The resulting polarons play a central role in many materials properties including electrical transport, interaction with light, surface reactivity, and magnetoresistance, and polarons are typically investigated indirectly through these macroscopic characteristics. Here, noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) is used to directly image polarons in Fe2O3 at the single quasiparticle limit. A combination of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations shows that the mobility of electron polarons can be markedly increased by Ti doping. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that a transition from polaronic to metastable free-carrier states can play a key role in migration of electron polarons. In contrast, hole polarons are significantly less mobile, and their hopping is hampered further by trapping centers.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Rheophytism is extremely rare in the Utricularia genus (there are four strictly rheophytic species out of a total of about 260). Utricularia neottioides is an aquatic rheophytic species exclusively growing attached to bedrocks in the South American streams. Utricularia neottioides was considered to be trap-free by some authors, suggesting that it had given up carnivory due to its specific habitat. Our aim was to compare the anatomy of rheophytic U. neottioides with an aquatic Utricularia species with a typical linear monomorphic shoot from the section Utricularia, U. reflexa, which grows in standing or very slowly streaming African waters. Additionally, we compared the immunodetection of cell wall components of both species. Light microscopy, histochemistry, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy were used to address our aims. In U. neottioides, two organ systems can be distinguished: organs (stolons, inflorescence stalk) which possess sclerenchyma and are thus resistant to water currents, and organs without sclerenchyma (leaf-like shoots), which are submissive to the water streaming/movement. Due to life in the turbulent habitat, U. neottioides evolved specific characters including an anchor system with stolons, which have asymmetric structures, sclerenchyma and they form adhesive trichomes on the ventral side. This anchor stolon system performs additional multiple functions including photosynthesis, nutrient storage, vegetative reproduction. In contrast with typical aquatic Utricularia species from the section Utricularia growing in standing waters, U. neottioides stems have a well-developed sclerenchyma system lacking large gas spaces. Plants produce numerous traps, so they should still be treated as a fully carnivorous plant.
Česká pylová informační služba (PIS) byla založena v roce 1992 a okamžitě se zapojila do celoevropské sítě pylových informačníc h služeb, se kterou sdílí jednotnou metodiku a centrální evropskou databázi . Prvních 10 let činnosti pracovala PIS pod hlavičkou brněnské Na dace našim dětem. V roce 2002 se PIS stala součástí České iniciativy pro as tma (ČIPA). V současné době je na území ČR k dispozici 12 volum etrických lapačů pylu (Burkard), z toho je 10 lapačů v provozu. Informace o výskytu pylu a některých spor plísní v ovzduší se k zájemcům dostávají cestou sdělovacích prostředků a pomocí Internetu. Roční souh rny jsou pravidelně publikovány ve výroční zprávě.
The Czech Pollen Information Service (PIS) was establised in 1992. Since the beginning it has been been a part of the European Aeroallergen Network, using the same methods and contributing to the European pollen database in Vienna. After 10 years of operation support ed by the Foundation For Our Children, the Czech PIS became a part of the Czech Initiative For Asthma in 2002. Currently there are 12 Bur kard volumet- ric spore traps available in the Czech Republic with 10 traps in regular operation. Actual information about airborne pollen an d mould spores concentration is available in the Internet and is regularly spre ad by the media. Detailed yearly results are published in the A nnual report.
... PORUCHY SPÁNKU -- Problém zvaný nespavost -- Trápí děti i dospělé -- Jak se bránit aneb spací desatero ...
221 s. ; 10 cm
V první části knihy se dočteme o úloze spánku a jeho poruchách (jako je např. nespavost či chrápání). Autorka nabízí rady, jak se můžeme zbavit potíží, které způsobují špatné usínání. Druhá část, která je věnovaná snům, odpovídá na otázky, proč se nám sny zdají a jaký význam mají. Výklad snů je prezentován na konkrétních příkladech a je rozdělen do několika kategorií.
- Konspekt
- Psychologie
- NLK Obory
- psychologie, klinická psychologie
- behaviorální vědy
