auxins Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Byl sledován vliv vybraných auxinů (kyselina 2,4-dichlorfenoxyoctová, kyselina α-naftyloctová, kyselina β-indolyloctová, kyselina β-indolylmáselná; každý ve čtyřech koncentracích - 0,2; 2; 10 a 20 mg/l) na produkci kumarinů v suspenzní kultuře Angelica archangelica L. kultivované ve tmě a za stálého osvětlení (3500 luxů). Bylo zjištěno, že produkce kumarinů je významně ovlivňována auxiny, a to jejich typem a koncentraci. Vliv světelného režimu je, v provonání s auxiny. méně výrazný - obsah kumarinů je při kultivaci za stálého osvětlení a ve tmě většinou srovnatelný. Nejvyšší obsah kumarinů byl dosažen s kyselinou α-naftyloctovou v koncentraci 0,2 mg/l při kultivaci ve tmě.
The paper examined the effect of selected auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, α-naphthaleneacetic acid, β-indoleacetic acid, β-indoleburytic acid; each in four concentrations - 0.2,2,10, and 20 mg/l) on the production of coumarins in the suspension culture of Angelica archangelica L. cultinated in the dark and under permanent lighting (3500 lux). The effect of the light regimen is, in comparison with auxins, less marked - the content of coumarins is mostly comparable both under permanent lighting and in the dark. The highest coumarin content was achieved with the use of α-naphthaleneacetic acid in a concentration of 0.2 mg/l with cultivation in the dark.
Byl sledován vliv vybraných auxinů (kyselina 2,4-dichlorfenoxyoctová, kyselina a-naftyloctová, kyselina b-indolyloctová)ve třech koncentracích (0,1; 1 a 10 mg/l) na růst kalusové kultury Bellis perennis L.a produkci flavonoidů. Nejlepší proliferace kultury a současně nejvyššího obsahuflavo- noidů bylo dosaženo s kyselinou 2,4-dichlorfenoxyoctovou v koncentraci 0,1 a 1mg/l, s kyselinou b-indolyloctovou v koncentraci 0,1 mg/l a skyselinou a-naftyloctovou v koncentraci 1 mg/l.
The paper examines the effect of selected auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,a -naphthylacetic acid, b-indolylaceticacid) in three concentrations (0.1; 1 and 10 mg/l) on the growth of the callus culture ofBellis perennis L. and the production of flavonoids. The best proliferation of the cultureand at the same time the highest content of flavonoids was achieved with2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg/l, with b-indolylacetic acid in a concentration of 0.1 mg/l, and with a-naphthylacetic acid in a concentration of 1 mg/l.
Parallel determination of auxin and cytokinin levels within plant organs and tissues represents an invaluable tool for studies of their physiological effects and mutual interactions. Thanks to their different chemical structures, auxins, cytokinins and their metabolites are often determined separately, using specialized procedures of sample purification, extraction, and quantification. However, recent progress in the sensitivity of analytical methods of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) allows parallel analysis of multiple compounds. Here we describe a method that is based on single step purification protocol followed by LC-MS separation and detection for parallel analysis of auxins, cytokinins and their metabolites in various plant tissues and cell cultures.
- MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- cytokininy analýza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové analýza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- metabolomika metody MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin analýza MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty analýza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The international symposium "Auxins and Cytokinins in Plant Development" (ACPD), which is held every 4⁻5 years in Prague, Czech Republic, is a meeting of scientists interested in the elucidation of the action of two important plant hormones-auxins and cytokinins. It is organized by a group of researchers from the Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants at the Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences. The symposia already have a long tradition, having started in 1972. Thanks to the central role of auxins and cytokinins in plant development, the ACPD 2018 symposium was again attended by numerous experts who presented their results in the opening, two plenary lectures, and six regular sessions, including two poster sessions. Due to the open character of the research community, which is traditionally very well displayed during the meeting, a lot of unpublished data were presented and discussed. In this report, we summarize the contributions in individual sessions that attracted our attention.
The plant hormone auxin is a key player in the regulation of plant growth and development. Despite numerous studies devoted to understanding its role in a wide spectrum of physiological processes, full appreciation of its function is linked to a comprehensive determination of its spatio-temporal distribution, which plays a crucial role in its mode of action. Conjugation of fluorescent tracers to plant hormones enables sensitive and specific visualization of their subcellular and tissue-specific localization and transport in planta, which represents a powerful tool for plant physiology. However, to date, only a few fluorescently labeled auxins have been developed. We report the synthesis of four novel fluorescently labeled derivatives of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the form of a conjugate with a nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) fluorophore together with validation of their biological activity. These compounds, unlike other previously reported auxins fluorescently labeled at N1 position (nitrogen of the indole ring), do not possess auxin activity but rather show dose-dependent inhibition of auxin-induced effects, such as primary root growth inhibition, root hair growth and the auxin reporter DR5::GUS expression. Moreover, the study demonstrates the importance of the character of the linker and optimal choice of the labeling site in the preparation of fluorescently labeled auxins as important variables influencing their biological activity and fluorescent properties.
- MeSH
- Arabidopsis účinky léků genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- fluorescenční barviva chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- fluorescenční spektrometrie MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny MeSH
- kořeny rostlin účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové antagonisté a inhibitory chemie farmakologie MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin antagonisté a inhibitory chemie farmakologie MeSH
- spektrofotometrie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Strigolactones (SLs) have a vast number of ecological implications because of the broad spectrum of their biological activities. Unfortunately, the limited availability of SLs restricts their applicability for the benefit of humanity and renders synthesis the only option for their production. However, the structural complexity of SLs impedes their economical synthesis, which is unfeasible on a large scale. Synthesis of SL analogues and mimics with a simpler structure, but with retention of bioactivity, is the solution to this problem. RESULTS: Here, we present eight new hybrid-type SL analogues derived from auxin, synthesized via coupling of auxin ester [ethyl 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetate] and of ethyl 2-phenylacetate with four D-rings (mono-, two di- and trimethylated). The new hybrid-type SL analogues were bioassayed to assess the germination activity of seeds of the parasitic weeds Striga hermonthica, Orobanche minor and Phelipanche ramosa using the classical method of counting germinated seeds and a colorimetric method. The bioassays revealed that analogues with a natural monomethylated D-ring had appreciable to good activity towards the three species and were the most active derivatives. By contrast, derivatives with the trimethylated D-ring showed no activity. The dimethylated derivatives (2,4-dimethyl and 3,4-dimethyl) were slightly active, especially towards P. ramosa. CONCLUSIONS: New hybrid-type analogues derived from auxins have been prepared. These analogues may be attractive as potential suicidal germination agents for parasitic weed control because of their ease of preparation and relevant bioactivity. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
- MeSH
- klíčení účinky léků MeSH
- kontrola plevele metody MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové chemie MeSH
- laktony chemická syntéza MeSH
- Orobanchaceae účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- Orobanche účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- plevel účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- semena rostlinná účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- Striga účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Plant hormones are master regulators of plant growth and development. Better knowledge of their spatial signaling and homeostasis (transport and metabolism) on the lowest structural levels (cellular and subcellular) is therefore crucial to a better understanding of developmental processes in plants. Recent progress in phytohormone analysis at the cellular and subcellular levels has greatly improved the effectiveness of isolation protocols and the sensitivity of analytical methods. This review is mainly focused on homeostasis of two plant hormone groups, auxins and cytokinins. It will summarize and discuss their tissue- and cell-type specific distributions at the cellular and subcellular levels.
- MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- cytokininy metabolismus MeSH
- fyziologie rostlin * MeSH
- homeostáza * MeSH
- intracelulární prostor metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové metabolismus MeSH
- metabolické sítě a dráhy MeSH
- organely metabolismus MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné buňky metabolismus MeSH
- vývoj rostlin * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Skopoletin je kumarin s mnoha zajímavými biologickými účinky, např. spazmolytickým, protizánětlivým, antimutagenním, antioxidačním, antifungálním, indukujícím apoptózu, antiproliferativním, inhibujícím acetylcholinesterázu, hypourikemickým. Rostlinné explantátové kultury představují nadějný alternativní zdroj cenných rostlinných látek. Buněčný růst a biosyntézu sekundárních metabolitů v rostlinných explantátových kulturách ovlivňuje řada fyzikálních a chemických faktorů. Mechanismus jejich působení není zcela znám. Rostlinné růstové regulátory a světelné podmínky hrají, vedle dalších faktorů, důležitou roli. Byl testován účinek čtyř auxinů (kyselina 2,4-dichlorfenoxyoctová, 2,4-D, ?-naftyloctová, NAA, ß-indolyloctová, IAA nebo ß-indolylmáselná, IBA) ve čtyřech koncentracích (0,2; 2; 10 nebo 20 mg/l) na růst kultury a akumulaci skopoletinu v médiu v suspenzních kulturách Angelica archangelica kultivovaných za stálého osvětlení nebo ve tmě. Nejvyšší růst kultury byl dosažen s 2 mg/l 2,4-D a 10 mg/l IAA. Nejvyšší hladiny skopoletinu byly získány s 0,2 mg/l 2,4-D, 2 mg/l 2,4-D, 10 mg/l NAA a 20 mg/l IAA. Růst i akumulace scopoletinu v suspenzních kulturách Angelica archangelica byly světelnými podmínkami ovlivněny méně výrazně než působením auxinů a jejich koncentrací. Změny vyvolané auxiny byly modifikovány světelnými podmínkami.
Scopoletin is a coumarin possessing many interesting biological effects, e.g., spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antioxidant, antifungal, apoptosis-inducing, antiproliferative, acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory, and hypouricemic activities. Plant tissue cultures represent a promising alternative source of valuable plant-derived substances. A number of physical and chemical factors influence the cell growth and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plant tissue cultures. The mechanism of their action is not completely understood. Besides other factors, plant growth regulators and light conditions play an important role. Effects of four auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D, ?-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA, ß-indoleacetic acid, IAA or ß-indolebutyric acid, IBA) at four concentrations (0.2, 2, 10 or 20 mg/l) on the culture growth and accumulation of scopoletin in the medium were tested in Angelica archangelica cell suspension cultures cultured under continuous light or in the dark. The highest culture growth was achieved with 2 mg/l 2,4-D, and 10 mg/l IAA. The best scopoletin levels were obtained with 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D, 2 mg/l 2,4-D, 10 mg/l NAA, and 20 mg/l IAA. The effects of light conditions were less marked than those of auxins and their concentrations in influencing both the cell growth and scopoletin accumulation in Angelica archangelica cell suspension cultures. The changes brought about by auxins were modified by light conditions.
- MeSH
- Ascomycota metabolismus růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- butyráty farmakologie MeSH
- chemická stimulace MeSH
- chromatografie na tenké vrstvě MeSH
- fenoly farmakologie MeSH
- gely MeSH
- glykoláty farmakologie MeSH
- indoly farmakologie MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové farmakologie MeSH
- kyseliny naftalenoctové farmakologie MeSH
- námelové alkaloidy biosyntéza MeSH
- oxid křemičitý MeSH
- pigmentace MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin farmakologie MeSH
