Background: The research is aimed at exploring the potential of marigold petal tea (MPT), rich in polyphenol contents, against oxidative stress and obesity in a rat model following a high-fat-sugar diet (HFSD). Methods: The MPT was prepared through the customary method of decoction and was subjected to analysis for its polyphenol composition using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Two specific doses of MPT, namely, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW), were chosen for the study-referred to as MPT-250 and MPT-500, respectively. Result: The main phenolic acids and flavonoids identified in MPT, with concentrations exceeding 10 mg/100 mL of tea, included catechin, rutin, salicylic acid, gallic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, and ellagic acid. The total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents in MPT were measured to be 5.53 and 7.73 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, MPT demonstrated a 57.2% scavenging capacity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. Notably, the administration of a higher dose (MPT-500) showed a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) and a 51.24% reduction in the rate of increase in BW compared to the HFSD group. The findings indicated that all the treatment groups, that is, orlistat treatment (OT), MPT-250, and MPT-500 groups, experienced reduced levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and markers of lipoproteins in contrast to the HFSD group. Moreover, MPT helped restore the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH), thereby demonstrating its potential in combating oxidative stress. The MPT-500 group also displayed decreased liver and kidney weights and an improved atherogenic index when compared to the HFSD group. Conclusion: The results clearly indicate that a high dosage of MPT showed antiobesity activity which was comparable to the same effects produced by the conventional drug orlistat.
- MeSH
- Antioxidants * pharmacology MeSH
- Biomarkers * blood MeSH
- Diet, High-Fat * MeSH
- Weight Loss drug effects MeSH
- Liver drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Anti-Obesity Agents * pharmacology MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal * MeSH
- Obesity * drug therapy metabolism MeSH
- Oxidative Stress * drug effects MeSH
- Polyphenols * pharmacology MeSH
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- Plant Extracts pharmacology isolation & purification MeSH
- Diet, Carbohydrate Loading adverse effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Strains of Limosilactobacillus reuteri are used as starter and bioprotective cultures and contribute to the preservation of food through the production of fermentation metabolites lactic and acetic acid, and of the antimicrobial reuterin. Reuterin consists of acrolein and 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA), which can be further metabolized to 1,3-propanediol and 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP). While reuterin has been the focus of many investigations, the contribution of 3-HP to the antimicrobial activity of food related reuterin-producers is unknown. We show that the antibacterial activity of 3-HP was stronger at pH 4.8 compared to pH 5.5 and 6.6. Gram-positive bacteria were in general more resistant against 3-HP and propionic acid than Gram-negative indicator strains including common food pathogens, while spoilage yeast and molds were not inhibited by ≤ 640 mM 3-HP. The presence of acrolein decreased the minimal inhibitory activity of 3-HP against E. coli indicating synergistic antibacterial activity. 3-HP was formed during the growth of the reuterin-producers, and by resting cells of L. reuteri DSM 20016. Taken together, this study shows that food-related reuterin producers strains synthesize a second antibacterial compound, which might be of relevance when strains are added as starter or bioprotective cultures to food products.
- MeSH
- Anti-Infective Agents chemistry metabolism pharmacology MeSH
- Bacteria drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Fermentation MeSH
- Glyceraldehyde analogs & derivatives chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Glycerol metabolism MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
- Lactic Acid analogs & derivatives chemistry metabolism pharmacology MeSH
- Acetic Acid metabolism MeSH
- Lactobacillaceae chemistry growth & development metabolism MeSH
- Food Microbiology MeSH
- Propane chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Drug Stability MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Fungi are commonly involved in dairy product spoilage and the use of bioprotective cultures can be a complementary approach to reduce food waste and economic losses. In this study, the antifungal activity of 89 Lactobacillus and 23 Pediococcus spp. isolates against three spoilage species, e.g., Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Penicillium brevicompactum, was first evaluated in milk agar. None of the tested pediococci showed antifungal activity while 3, 23 and 43 lactobacilli isolates showed strong antifungal activity or total inhibition against Y. lipolytica, R. mucilaginosa and P. brevicompactum, respectively. Then, the three most promising strains, Lactobacillus paracasei SYR90, Lactobacillus plantarum OVI9 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus BIOIII28 at initial concentrations of 105and 107CFU/ml were tested as bioprotective cultures against the same fungal targets in a yogurt model during a 5-week storage period at 10 °C. While limited effects were observed at 105CFU/ml inoculum level, L. paracasei SYR90 and L. rhamnosus BIOIII28 at 107CFU/ml respectively retarded the growth of R. mucilaginosa and P. brevicompactum as compared to a control without selected cultures. In contrast, growth of Y. lipolytica was only slightly affected. In conclusion, these selected strains may be good candidates for bioprotection of fermented dairy products.
- MeSH
- Antifungal Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Lactobacillus physiology MeSH
- Dairy Products microbiology MeSH
- Pediococcus physiology MeSH
- Penicillium growth & development MeSH
- Food Microbiology MeSH
- Probiotics MeSH
- Rhodotorula growth & development MeSH
- Yarrowia growth & development MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Práca pojednáva o formulácii kofeínu do dermálnych polotuhých liekov – hydrogélov. Kofeín bol vybraný ako modelové liečivo, pretože jeho vlastnosti môžu nájsť uplatnenie práve v hydrogéloch. Ochranné či upokojujúce účinky sa môžu využiť v prípravkoch na opaľovanie, lipolytické a regeneračné v prípravkoch na liečbu androgénnej alopécie alebo celulitídy. Predmetom výskumu bolo sledovať vplyv rôznej koncentrácie chitosanu a kofeínu na jeho uvoľňovanie z gélov. Zároveň sa hodnotila stabilita pripravených vzoriek hodnotením reologických parametrov. Na základe získaných výsledkov sa určila optimálna koncentrácia liečiva – kofeín 0,2% (m/m) a gélotvornej látky – chitosan 2,3% (m/m).
The paper deals with formulation of caffeine into dermal semisolid dosage forms - hydrogels. Caffeine was chosen as a model drug because its properties can be successfully used just in hydrogels. Protective and tranquilization effects can be used in the preparations for sunbathing, and its lipolytic and regenerative effect can be used for the treatment of androgenic alopecia or cellular bioprotection. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of different concentrations of chitosan and caffeine on the liberation of gels. Besides, stability of the prepared samples was evaluated by means of the evaluation of their rheological parameters. Based on the obtained results, there was determined the optimal drug concentration – caffeine 0.2% (w/w) and also the gel forming substance – chitosan 2.3% (w/w).
- MeSH
- Administration, Cutaneous MeSH
- Chemistry Techniques, Analytical methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Chitosan * analysis MeSH
- Hydrogels * pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Indicators and Reagents MeSH
- Caffeine * analysis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Rheology * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Změny povětrnostní spojené se zvýšeným průnikem rizikového UV záření vyžadují zvýšenou ochranu kůže oblečením a kosmetikou speciálně k tomuto účelu vyráběnou. UV filtry by měly optimálně chránit kůži v poměru 1:1 (UVB:UVA). Měly by se nanášet na zatěžovaná místa 30 minut před sluněním a během dne by se měla jejich aplikace vícekrát opakovat. Zásadně bychom se neměli vystavovat slunečnímu záření v době mezi 10–15 hodinou a děti do 3 let by se neměly zbytečně vystavovat vůbec. Kvalitu a zásady ochrany koriguje Evropská instituce COLIPA. V poslední době se klade velký důraz na tzv. bioprotekci a kvalitu tzv. kritické vlnové délky ?c.
Atmospheric changes associated with increased penetration of harmful UV radiation require better skin protection with clothing and cosmetics produced especially for this purpose. UV filters should optimally protect skin in ratio 1:1 (UVB:UVA). They should be applied on exposed areas 30 minutes before sun exposure and during the day the application should be repeated multiple times. Essentially we should not expose ourselves to sunshine between 10 am and 3 pm and children under 3 years of age should not be exposed at all. The quality and principles of protection are regulated by European institution COLIPA. Recently a great attention is paid to so called bioprotection and quality of so called critical wave length ?c.
- Keywords
- UV filtry, fotoprotekce, bioprotekce, kritická vlnová délka ?c, UV index,
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Protective Clothing MeSH
- Sunscreening Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Sunlight adverse effects MeSH
- Sunbathing injuries MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Změny povětrnostní spojené se zvýšeným průnikem rizikového UV záření vyžadují zvýšenou ochranu kůže oblečením a kosmetikou speciálně k tomuto účelu vyráběnou.UV filtry by měly optimálně chránit kůži v poměru 1?:?1 (UVB?:?UVA). Měly by se nanášet na zatěžovaná místa 30 minut před sluněním a během dne vy se měla jejich aplikace vícekrát opakovat. Zásadně bychom se neměli vystavovat slunečnímu záření v době mezi 10–15 hodinou a děti do 3 let by se neměly zbytečně vystavovat vůbec. Kvalitu a zásady ochrany koriguje Evropská instituce COLIPA. V poslední době se klade velký důraz na tzv. bioprotekci a kvalitu tzv. kritické vlnové délky ?c.
Atmospheric changes associated with increased penetration of harmful UV radiation require better skin protection with clothing and cosmetics produced especially for this purpose. UV filters should optimally protect skin in ratio 1?:?1 (UVB?:?UVA). They should be applied on exposed areas 30 minutes before sun exposure and during the day the application should be repeated multiple times. Essentially we should not expose ourselves to sunshine between 10 am and 3 pm and children under 3 years of age should not be exposed at all. The quality and principles of protection are regulated by European institution COLIPA. Recently a great attention is paid to so called bioprotection and quality of so called critical wave length ?c.
Nowadays naturally occurring compounds with the potential antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects are of great importance for their prospective use in cancer chemoprevention and treatment. The new water soluble derivative of microbial polysaccharide beta-D-glucan-carboxymethyl glucan (CMG) belongs to such a category of natural substances. CMG isolated from the cell wall of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is included into the class of biopolymers known as biological response modifiers (BRMs) with a broad range of activities, above all ones interfering with cancer therapy. It was demonstrated on four experimental model systems that biological and consequential medicinal importance of CMG is based on the combined application with another active compound. In the Saccharomyces cerevisiae antimutagenicity assay CMG significantly reduced ofloxacin-induced mutagenicity in the yeast strain D7. CMG exerted bioprotective (anti-toxic and antimutagenic) effect after its simultaneos application with methyl methanesulphonate on the repair-deficient strain uvs10 of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In the Vicia sativa simultaneous phytotoxicity and anticlastogenicity assay CMG exerted statistically significant anticlastogenic efect against maleic hydrazide-induced clastogenicity in Vicia sativa L. Only in the Salmonella/microsome assay CMG did not exert statistically significant antigenotoxic effect, despite of the fact that it reduced 9-aminoacridine-induced mutagenicity in S. typhimurium TA97, but his(+) revertants decreasing was statistically significant only at the highest CMG concentration used. The data presented unambiguously documented that even biopolysaccharides (e.g., derivatives of beta-glucan) belonging to the most abundant class of natural biopolymers may contribute to cancer prevention and therapy.
Botulotoxin je jednou z nejjedovatějších známých substancí. Patří spolu se sporami antraxu a původci moru a neštovic mezi agens, které by mohly být s větší pravděpodobnosti využity jako biologické zbraně. Bioexperti oceňují možnost výroby botulotoxinu ve velkých kvantech, jeho stabilitu při dlouhodobějším skladování i možnost jeho šíření formou umožňující hromadné postižení obyvatelstva. V rámci iráckého koprogramu bylo vyprodukováno kolem 20 000 litrů botulotoxinu, který byl použit k náplní bomb i raket. Panují obavy, že nejen některé vojenské kruhy ale i některé teroristické skupiny mají botulotoxin ve svých arzenálech. V 90. Létech náboženský kult Aum Shinrikyo použil botulotoxin nejméně ve třech případech v centru Tokia, Yokohamy a V okolí amerických vojenských základen v Japonsku. Nejobávanější hrozbu představuje rozptyl botulotoxinu ve formě aerosolu s úmyslem vyvolat v napadené lokalitě hromadnou intoxikaci obyvatelstva. Protože bioteroristé neinformují předem o svých aktivitách, biologický útok toxickým aerosolem by proběhl pravděpodobně utajeně. Prvním průkazem utajeného rozptylu botulotoxinu by byl s největší pravděpodobností až větší počet afebrilních osob v ordinacích lékařů s akutními příznaky diplopie, dysfagie, dysfonie a dysartrie a s pokračujícími chabými parézami, z nichž část by zemřela v průběhu prvních dvou dnů na srdeční selhání či selháním respiračního svalstva. Protože se dnes téměř žádný lékař ve své praxi s inhalačním botulismem nesetkal jsou přehledně uvedeny, kromě historie, klinické, diagnostické a epidemiologické charakteristiky hlavních forem botulinové intoxikace. Mimo standardní kontrolní postupy v případě bioteroristického útoku jsou rovněž uvedena nejdůležitější protiepidemická opatření včetně terapie postižených a zavedení režimu denní medicínské kontroly zdravotního stavu všech exponovaných, dosud asymptomatických osob. Pro účinnou bioobranu i život postižených je rozhodující rychlost prvotní diagnózy, jež závisí především na připravenosti a diagnostických znalostech terénních lékařů.
Botulin is one of the most toxic substances we know. Just as anthrax spores and the etiogenic agents of plague and variola it could most probably be used as a biologicl weapon. Biospecialists investigate the possibilides of producing botulin in large quantities, its stability upon long-term storage and the possibilides of its spreading in a form that would allow large-scale infections of the populace. Some 20 000 litres of botulin were produced as part of the Iraqi bioprogramme. The toxin was used in bombs and rockets. There is some anxiety that not only certain mmilitary circles have botulin in their arsenals, but also various terronst groups. In the 1990s the rehgious séct Aum Shinrikyo used botulin at least on three occasions: in the centre of Tokyo, Yokohama and in the vicinity of American military bases in japan. The greatest threat is the disseminadon of botulin as an aerosol in order to call forth in a given locality a large-scale intoxicadon of the inhabitants. Bioterrorists don't announce beforehand their activities, i.e. a biological attack with a toxic aerosol would probably be kept secret until the very last moment. The first indication of a secretly disseminated botulin would probably be large numbers of afebrile subjects in doctors' surgeries presenting symptoms of diplopia, dysphagia and dysarthria and advancing flaccid paresis. A certain proportion of these subjects would die within the first two days of cardiac failure or failure of the respiratory muscles. As today practically no physician has seen in his/her practice inhalation botulism, the paper describes systematically not only the history, but also the clinical, diagnostic and epidemiological characteristics of the main forms of botulin intoxication. In addition to standard control measures in cases of bioterrorist attacks the authors also discuss the most important anti-epidemic steps to be taken, including treatment of the affected subjects and the setting up of a system of daily medical check-ups of the health conditions of all the exposed and as yet asymptomatic persons. Decisive for the bioprotection of the population and for the life of the infected subjects is an early primary diagnosis - and this demands readiness and diagnostic knowledge of first-line doctors.
- MeSH
- Biological Warfare methods prevention & control MeSH
- Botulism history diagnosis MeSH
- Botulinum Toxins history toxicity MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
