Ecological niche models are widely used for mapping the distribution of species during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Although the selection of the variables and General Circulation Models (GCMs) used for constructing those maps determine the model predictions, we still lack a discussion about which variables and which GCM should be included in the analysis and why. Here, we analyzed the climatic predictions for the LGM of 9 different GCMs in order to help biogeographers to select their GCMs and climatic layers for mapping the species ranges in the LGM. We 1) map the discrepancies between the climatic predictions of the nine GCMs available for the LGM, 2) analyze the similarities and differences between the GCMs and group them to help researchers choose the appropriate GCMs for calibrating and projecting their ecological niche models (ENM) during the LGM, and 3) quantify the agreement of the predictions for each bioclimatic variable to help researchers avoid the environmental variables with a poor consensus between models. Our results indicate that, in absolute values, GCMs have a strong disagreement in their temperature predictions for temperate areas, while the uncertainties for the precipitation variables are in the tropics. In spite of the discrepancies between model predictions, temperature variables (BIO1-BIO11) are highly correlated between models. Precipitation variables (BIO12-BIO19) show no correlation between models, and specifically, BIO14 (precipitation of the driest month) and BIO15 (Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation)) show the highest level of discrepancy between GCMs. Following our results, we strongly recommend the use of different GCMs for constructing or projecting ENMs, particularly when predicting the distribution of species that inhabit the tropics and the temperate areas of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, because climatic predictions for those areas vary greatly among GCMs. We also recommend the exclusion of BIO14 and BIO15 from ENMs because those variables show a high level of discrepancy between GCMs. Thus, by excluding them, we decrease the level of uncertainty of our predictions. All the climatic layers produced for this paper are freely available in http://ecoclimate.org/.
In this paper, we describe a new method for synthesizing hybrid combinations of 1,2,3-triazoles with a tetracyclic quinobenzothiazinium system. The developed approach allowed for the production of a series of new azaphenothiazine derivatives with the 1,2,3-triazole system in different positions of the benzene ring. In practice, the methodology consists of the reaction of triazole aniline derivatives with thioquinanthrenediinium bis-chloride. The structure of the products was determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and HR-MS spectrometry, respectively. Moreover, the spatial structure of the molecule and the arrangement of molecules in the crystal (unit cell) were determined by X-ray crystallography. The anticancer activity profiles of the synthesized compounds were tested in vitro against human cancer cells of the A549, SNB-19, and T47D lines and the normal NHDF cell line. Additional tests of antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant staphylococci, vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and two mycobacterial strains were also performed. In fact, the dependence of anticancer and antibacterial activity on the substituent type and its position in the quinobenzothiazinium system was observed. Furthermore, the distance-guided property evaluation was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) on the pool of the calculated descriptors. Finally, the theoretically approximated partition coefficients (clogP) were (inter-)correlated with each other and cross-compared with the empirically specified logPTLC parameters.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents * pharmacology MeSH
- Cell Line MeSH
- Chlorides MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cluster Analysis MeSH
- Vancomycin * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The correctness of the genealogical approach to the estimation of genetic diversity has been substantiated. The approach implies a comparison of the estimates of similarity based on genetic markers and coefficients of parentage. A method of the application of the genealogical approach to the formation of the core collection has been developed. The adequacy of the core set has been estimated using Shannon's diversity index adapted for genetic profiles and the correlation between the distributions of ancestors' contributions. A core collection has been formed. This collection contains 25% of the accessions of the original winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collection from the Czech Genebank and represents 70-76% of the intracluster diversity. A decrease in intercluster diversity has not been found in the core collection.
- MeSH
- Botany methods MeSH
- Genealogy and Heraldry * MeSH
- Genetic Variation MeSH
- Triticum * genetics MeSH
- Cluster Analysis MeSH
- Publication type
- English Abstract MeSH
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Východiska: Condyloma acuminata je nejběžnější pohlavně přenosná nemoc, která má negativní vliv na kvalitu života. Cuestionario Específico en Condilomas Acuminados je specifický dotazník, který umožňuje měřit kvalitu života u tohoto onemocnění. Dotazník je rozdělen na 2 dimenze – sexuální a emocionální. Cíl: Cílem studie bylo vytvořit ověřenou a spolehlivou českou verzi dotazníku Cuestionario Específico en Condilomas Acuminados. Metody: Česká verze dotazníku byla ověřena na vzorku 60 žen. Reliabilitu jsme posoudili pomocí ukazatele Cronbachovo alfa. Validitu jsme posoudili pomocí Pearsonova korelačního koeficientu a pomocí konfirmační faktorové analýzy a shlukové analýzy. Výsledky: Vnitřní konzistenci dotazníku potvrzuje hodnota Cronbachovo alfa 0,97. Byla potvrzena kriteriální validita. Korelace sexuální dimenze a dotazníku sexuální spokojenosti jsou vysoké – oba nástroje měří stejné komponenty. To samé platí o korelaci mezi emocionální dimenzí a celkovým psychickým zdravím – součást dotazníku Short Form 36 (Test kvality života, zkrácená verze 36). Konfirmační faktorová i shluková analýza potvrdily, že struktura dotazníku odpovídá dvěma uvažovaným dimenzím. Závěry: Vznikla česká verze dotazníku Cuestionario Específico en Condilomas Acuminados, kterou lze využít k orientačnímu posouzení kvality života žen s condyloma acuminata. Jedná se o krátký dotazník, který má 10 položek a hodnotí kvalitu života ve dvou dimenzích.
Background: Condyloma acuminata is the most common sexually transmitted disease that has a negative impact on quality of life. Cuestionario Especifico en Condilomas Acuminados is a specific questionnaire that allows you to measure the quality of life for this disease. The questionnaire is divided into 2 dimensions – the sexual and the emotional. Aim: The aim of the study was to create a verified and reliable Czech version of the Cuestionario Especifico en Condilomas Acuminados. Methods: The czech version of the questionnaire was verified on a sample of 60 women. The reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha marker. The validity was assessed using the Pearson‘s correlation coefficient and confirmation factor analysis and cluster analysis. Results: The internal consistency of the questionnaire confirms the value of Cronbach’s alpha 0.97. Criterion validation has been confirmed. The correlation between the sexual dimension and the sexual satisfaction questionnaire are high – both instruments measure the same components. The same is true of the correlation between the emotional dimension and the overall mental health – part of the Short Form 36 questionnaire (Life Quality Test, shortened version 36). Confirmatory factor and cluster analysis confirmed that the structure of the questionnaire exactly corresponds to the two dimensions considered.
- Keywords
- validizace,
- MeSH
- Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
- Condylomata Acuminata * MeSH
- Correlation of Data MeSH
- Quality of Life MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires * MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Cluster Analysis MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Genealogical analysis was employed in studying the time course of changes in genetic diversity of spring barley cultivars released in former Czechoslovakia and the modem Czech Republic. Cultivars from different regions proved to significantly differ in the distribution of dominant ancestor contributions, suggesting a specificity of original ancestors to different cultivation conditions. A comparison of cultivar groups differing in end use showed that the genetic diversity of malting cultivars was significantly lower than that of feed cultivars, although modern malting and feed cultivars of Czechia and Slovakia have virtually the same genetic basis. Temporal analysis showed that diversity tended to increase through decades. While new original ancestors were introduced in pedigrees, especially in the past 30 years, the number of local landraces and old cultivars gradually decreased. The losses accounted for about two-thirds of the local germplasm. Thus, a substantial increase in genetic diversity was accompanied by genetic erosion of the local spring barley gene pool of former Czechoslovakia. A cluster structure was observed for the set of spring barley cultivars released in the postwar period. The coefficient of parentage averaged overall possible pairs of cultivars introduced in the Czech National List was estimated at 0.11. It was concluded that the genetic diversity of modern spring barley cultivars in the Czech Republic is at an acceptable level.
- MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Phylogeny * MeSH
- Genetic Variation * MeSH
- Gene Pool * MeSH
- Hordeum genetics MeSH
- Publication type
- English Abstract MeSH
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
We report the first evidence that boron-containing nucleoside conjugates have a tendency to associate in water solutions. The size, charge, and exoskeletal pattern of the boron cluster can strongly influence the aggregation. The aggregation of nucleosides with attached boron clusters was observed using light scattering and atomic force microscopy techniques. Although the species containing either the bulky amphiphilic [3-cobalt(III) bis(1,2-dicarbollide)]- anion or the electroneutral dicarba-closo-dodecaboranyl moiety tend to form stable nanoparticles in aqueous solutions, the compounds bearing the smaller, negatively charged dicarba-nido-undecaboranyl moiety as well as the unmodified nucleosides do not aggregate. The light scattering measurements also showed that the aggregated species can interact with nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 in solution. The partition coefficients P in the water-octanol system correlate fairly well with the aggregation tendency observed by light scattering measurements. This finding allows us to predict the association behavior of boron-cluster-containing nucleosides on a qualitative level. The observed phenomenon can contribute to a better understanding of biological properties of boronated nucleosides and the design of boronated nucleoside-based drugs such as boron carriers for boron neutron capture therapy of tumors (BNCT) and antiviral agents.
Fifty fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from rhizospheric soil of green gram from nearby area of Kaziranga, Assam, India and assayed for their extracellular proteinase production. Out of these isolates, 20 were found to be prominent in proteinase production. Genetic diversity of the 20 isolates were analyzed through BOX-PCR fingerprinting and 16S rDNA-RFLP along with three reference strains, viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens (NCIM2099(T)), Pseudomonas aureofaciens (NCIM2026(T)), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC2582(T)). BOX-PCR produced two distinct clusters at 56% similarity coefficient and seven distinct BOX profiles. 16S rDNA-RFLP with three tetra-cutters restriction enzymes (HaeIII, AluI, and MspI) revealed two major clusters A and B; cluster A contained only single isolate FPS9 while the rest of 22 isolates belonged to the cluster B. Based on phenotypic characters and 16S rDNA sequence similarity, all the eight highly proteinase-producing strains were affiliated with P. aeruginosa. The proteinase was extracted from two most prominent strains (KFP1 and KFP2), purified by a three-step process involving (NH(4))(2)SO(4) precipitation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography. The enzyme had an optimal pH of 8.0 and exhibit highest activity at 60°C and 37°C by KFP1 and KFP2 respectively. The specific activities were recorded as 75,050 (for KFP1) and 81,320 U/mg (for KFP2). The purified enzyme was migrated as a single band on native and SDS-PAGE with a molecular mass of 32 kDa. Zn(2+), Cu(2+), and Ni(2+) ion inhibited the enzyme activity. Enzyme activity was also inhibited by EDTA established as their metallo-proteinase nature.
- MeSH
- Bacterial Proteins genetics metabolism MeSH
- Endopeptidases genetics metabolism MeSH
- Fabaceae microbiology MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Pseudomonas classification enzymology genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Soil Microbiology MeSH
- Rhizosphere MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- India MeSH
x
x
- Keywords
- emoční pohoda,
- MeSH
- Adaptation, Psychological * MeSH
- Depression MeSH
- Mental Health MeSH
- Quality of Life MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Longitudinal Studies MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms psychology MeSH
- Neoplasms * psychology MeSH
- Statistics, Nonparametric MeSH
- Survivors * psychology MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Stress, Psychological MeSH
- Cluster Analysis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Two chromosomal structures, known as monocentric and holocentric chromosomes, have evolved in eukaryotes. Acentric fragments of monocentric chromosomes are unequally distributed to daughter cells and/or lost, while holocentric fragments are inherited normally. In monocentric species, unequal distribution should generate chimeras of cells with different nuclear DNA content. We investigated whether such differences in monocentric species are detectable by flow cytometry (FCM) as (i) a decreased nuclear DNA content and (ii) an increased coefficient of variance (CV) of the G1 peak after gamma radiation-induced fragmentation. We compared 13 monocentric and 9 holocentric plant species. Unexpectedly, monocentrics and holocentrics did not differ with respect to parameters (i) and (ii) in their response to gamma irradiation. However, we found that the proportion of G2 nuclei was highly elevated in monocentrics after irradiation, while holocentrics were negligibly affected. Therefore, we hypothesize that DNA-damaging agents induce cell cycle arrest leading to endopolyploidy only in monocentric and not (or to much lesser extent) in holocentric plants. While current microscope-dependent methods for holocentrism detection are unreliable for small and numerous chromosomes, which are common in holocentrics, FCM can use somatic nuclei. Thus, FCM may be a rapid and reliable method of high-throughput screening for holocentric candidates across plant phylogeny.
- MeSH
- Cell Nucleus genetics radiation effects ultrastructure MeSH
- Chromosomes, Plant radiation effects ultrastructure MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Microscopy MeSH
- Flow Cytometry MeSH
- Plants genetics radiation effects ultrastructure MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), still represent a certain mystery in biology, have a unique property of dividing into equal cells and repopulating the hematopoietic tissue. This potential enables their use in transplantation treatments. The quality of the HSC grafts for transplantation is evaluated by flow cytometric determination of the CD34(+) cells, which enables optimal timing of the first apheresis and the acquisition of maximal yield of the peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). To identify a more efficient method for evaluating CD34(+) cells, we compared the following alternative methods with the reference method: hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) enumeration (using the Sysmex XE-2100 analyser), detection of CD133(+) cells, and quantification of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in the PBSCs. 266 aphereses (84 patients) were evaluated. In the preapheretic blood, the new methods produced data that were in agreement with the reference method. The ROC curves have shown that for the first-day apheresis target, the optimal predictive cut-off value was 0.032 cells/mL for the HPC method (sensitivity 73.4%, specificity 69.3%). HPC method exhibited a definite practical superiority as compared to other methods tested. HPC enumeration could serve as a supplementary method for the optimal timing of the first apheresis; it is simple, rapid, and cheap.
- MeSH
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase metabolism MeSH
- Antigens, CD34 metabolism MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Antigens, CD metabolism MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Glycoproteins metabolism MeSH
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells cytology metabolism MeSH
- Leukapheresis MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Statistics, Nonparametric MeSH
- Peptides metabolism MeSH
- Flow Cytometry methods MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- ROC Curve MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
