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N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) co-polymers containing disulfide and carbonyl thiazolidine-2-thione (TT) reactive groups in their side-chains (pHPMA-TT) were used as reductively removable chemical modification of the surface of cowpea mosaic viruses (CPMV). CPMV was used in this study as a model particle for viral gene delivery. The co-polymer reaction with CPMV surfaces carried out in aqueous solution was evaluated by monitoring the changes in the weight-average molecular weight and hydrodynamic size of the viruses using light scattering methods. The reaction conditions were optimized. The surface modification of CPMV with pHPMA-TT under selected conditions (concentrations of a coating polymer (c(p)) and NaCl) has not influenced the size distribution of the viral particles. The uncharged polymers bound to the viral surface via biodegradable S-S bonds can be fully removed by the exchange reaction with reductive dithiothreitol. To achieve optimal covering of viral surfaces, the positively charged reactive polymers (with or without biodegradable S-S bonds) should be applied at low concentrations (c(p)=0.1-0.5 mg/ml) and in presence of NaCl (0.15 M).
- MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- biomimetika MeSH
- Comovirus chemie MeSH
- disulfidy chemie MeSH
- hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
- intracelulární prostor metabolismus MeSH
- methakryláty chemie MeSH
- polymery chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- thiazolidiny chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) is a major crop for worldwide food and nutritional security, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, that is resilient to hot and drought-prone environments. An assembly of the single-haplotype inbred genome of cowpea IT97K-499-35 was developed by exploiting the synergies between single-molecule real-time sequencing, optical and genetic mapping, and an assembly reconciliation algorithm. A total of 519 Mb is included in the assembled sequences. Nearly half of the assembled sequence is composed of repetitive elements, which are enriched within recombination-poor pericentromeric regions. A comparative analysis of these elements suggests that genome size differences between Vigna species are mainly attributable to changes in the amount of Gypsy retrotransposons. Conversely, genes are more abundant in more distal, high-recombination regions of the chromosomes; there appears to be more duplication of genes within the NBS-LRR and the SAUR-like auxin superfamilies compared with other warm-season legumes that have been sequenced. A surprising outcome is the identification of an inversion of 4.2 Mb among landraces and cultivars, which includes a gene that has been associated in other plants with interactions with the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides. The genome sequence facilitated the identification of a putative syntelog for multiple organ gigantism in legumes. A revised numbering system has been adopted for cowpea chromosomes based on synteny with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). An estimate of nuclear genome size of 640.6 Mbp based on cytometry is presented.
- MeSH
- chromozomy rostlin genetika MeSH
- délka genomu genetika MeSH
- DNA rostlinná chemie genetika MeSH
- fazol genetika MeSH
- genom rostlinný genetika MeSH
- mapování chromozomů MeSH
- retroelementy genetika MeSH
- rostlinné geny genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA metody MeSH
- syntenie MeSH
- vigna genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
BACKGROUND: Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have the ability to enhance the growth, fitness, and quality of various agricultural crops, including cowpea. However, field trials confirming the benefits of microbes in large-scale applications using economically viable and efficient inoculation methods are still scarce. Microbial seed coating has a great potential for large-scale agriculture through the application of reduced amounts of PGPR and AM fungi inocula. Thus, in this study, the impact of seed coating with PGPR, Pseudomonas libanensis TR1 and AM fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis (single or multiple isolates) on grain yield and nutrient content of cowpea under low-input field conditions was evaluated. RESULTS: Seed coating with P. libanensis + multiple isolates of R. irregularis (coatPMR) resulted in significant increases in shoot dry weight (76%), and in the number of pods and seeds per plant (52% and 56%, respectively) and grain yield (56%), when compared with non-inoculated control plants. However, seed coating with P. libanensis + R. irregularis single-isolate (coatPR) did not influence cowpea grain yield. Grain lipid content was significantly higher (25%) in coatPMR plants in comparison with control. Higher soil organic matter and lower pH were observed in the coatPMR treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that cowpea field productivity can be improved by seed coating with PGPR and multiple AM fungal isolates under low-input agricultural systems. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
- MeSH
- antigeny analýza MeSH
- antisérum MeSH
- barvení a značení MeSH
- centrifugace - gradient hustoty MeSH
- cytoplazma mikrobiologie MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- fenoly MeSH
- imunodifuze MeSH
- jedlé rostliny MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- kultivace virů MeSH
- nemoci rostlin MeSH
- precipitinové testy MeSH
- RNA virová fyziologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- rostlinné viry imunologie izolace a purifikace klasifikace patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- sacharosa MeSH
- spektrální analýza MeSH
- ultrafialové záření MeSH
- virové proteiny MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- zkřížené reakce MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
In this study we reviewed the use of viral vectors for delivery of drugs and genes. Viruses are monouniformic and they can be easily produced in high yield. The drug encapsulation into viral capsid differs based on the viral species used. Some viruses undergo pH dependent swelling due to the change in pH or ions concentration of surrounding solution. In others, drug can intercalate into viral nucleic acid. This work was focused on often studied viruses, adenoviruses, plant viruses (CPMV, CCMV and RCNMV) or bacteriophages (MS2 or M13).
- Klíčová slova
- enkapsulace léčiv,
- MeSH
- Adenoviridae MeSH
- bakteriofág M13 MeSH
- Bromovirus MeSH
- Comovirus MeSH
- Levivirus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanočástice MeSH
- systémy cílené aplikace léků * MeSH
- Tombusviridae MeSH
- virům podobné částice * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The intraspecies variability of capsid proteins of five viruses of the genus Comovirus was established. Inclusion of both capsid proteins to the sequence analysis reduces some uncertainties about species/strains demarcation criteria in the Comovirus genus. New approach is proposed for discrimination of Turnip ringspot virus as a separate species.
The complete genome sequence of a severe isolate of broad bean true mosaic virus (genus Comovirus, subfamily Comovirinae, family Secoviridae) is presented. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the capsid proteins and the polymerase showed striking differences to other comoviruses and highest similarities to legume-infecting comoviruses. Red clover mottle virus was recognized as the most similar virus with amino acid sequence identities ranging from 43 to 67% for individual genes.
Turnip ringspot virus (TuRSV) has been proposed to be a member of a new species in the genus Comovirus. Its remarkable host-range similarity to radish mosaic virus (RaMV) may have led to its misrecognition in the past. Findings from both sequence analysis and serological tests support the assignment of TuRSV to a new comovirus species. In addition, phylogenetic analysis suggests that the two genome segments of some TuRSV isolates have a heterogeneous origin.
- MeSH
- Brassica napus MeSH
- Comovirus klasifikace genetika imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- nemoci rostlin virologie MeSH
- Raphanus MeSH
- RNA virová genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- sérotypizace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
