Tvorba biofilmů a s ní související rostoucí rezistence mikroorganismů ukazuje na potřebu hledání nových přírodních látek, které při současném podání s antibiotikem zvýší jejich biologickou aktivitu. Zároveň je nutné zajistit netoxicitu těchto látek. Jednou z možných alternativ je použití sekundárních metabolitů rostlin, například polyfenolů. Tyto metabolity se přirozeně vyskytují v ovoci, zelenině, obilovinách, ořeších, ale také v rostlinných produktech jako je víno, pivo, čaj a kakao. V současné době se přesunula pozornost k rostlinným polyfenolům pocházejícím z extraktu vinné révy. Vinná réva obsahuje velké množství polyfenolových látek, např. resveratrolu či polydatinu. Odpadní vinařské produkty jsou bohaté na polyfenolové látky, které by mohly přispět k řešení problému při rezistenci mikroorganismů k běžně používaným antibiotikům, zároveň by se tím vyřešil problém s nakládáním s vinařskými odpady.
The formation of biofilms and the associated increasing resistance of microorganisms shows the need to search for novel natural substances that would increase the biological activity of antibiotics if used together. It is also necessary to ensure the non‑‑toxicity of these substanes. One of the possibilities could be the application of plant secondary metabolites. These metabolites naturally occur in fruits, vegetables, cereals, nuts but also in plant products such as wine, beer, tea and cocoa. At present, attention has been paid to plant polyphenols from the grapevine extracts. Grapevine contains a lot of polyphenols, such as resveratrol or polydatin. Waste wine products are also rich in polyphenol substances that could help solve the problem of antibiotic resistance as well as the management of wine waste.
- MeSH
- Anti-Infective Agents isolation & purification MeSH
- Antioxidants MeSH
- Biofilms drug effects MeSH
- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action MeSH
- Flavonoids pharmacology isolation & purification MeSH
- Flavonols pharmacology isolation & purification MeSH
- Glucosides pharmacology isolation & purification MeSH
- Catechin pharmacology isolation & purification MeSH
- Kaempferols pharmacology isolation & purification MeSH
- Lactic Acid analogs & derivatives pharmacology isolation & purification MeSH
- Quercetin pharmacology isolation & purification MeSH
- Resveratrol pharmacology isolation & purification MeSH
- Stilbenes pharmacology isolation & purification MeSH
- Vitis * chemistry MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The drought tolerance is a very important property of grapevine rootstocks. For that reason the breeding and selection of new rootstock varieties is focused also on the evaluation of their drought tolerance. In this experiment, altogether 20 new hybrids and 4 existing rootstock varieties were compared and evaluated. The experimental scheme involved 3 variants of water supply. Evaluated were the following properties: growth intensity of annual shoots, CCI (chlorophyll content index) and visual characteristics of plants. The most resistant were hybrids from the pedigree groups C (Binova x Börner), D /Binova x/(Binova x Teleki 5C/) x Börner/, and F (Teleki5 Cx Börner). The following hybrids were classified as drought-tolerant: 17-1-6 (C); 17-1-9 (C); 17-6-2 (C); 17-6-9 (C); 17-8-2 (D) and 9-20-1 (F). Based on obtained experimental results and also on correlations existing between individual traits it can be concluded that practically all traits under study may be used when evaluating the resistance of plants to drought. The obtained results indicated that the Börner rootstock (and thus also the species Vitis cinerea) can be used as a suitable genetic resource for the purpose of the breeding grapevine rootstocks for tolerance to drought.
This study describes the application of high-throughput sequencing of small RNA analysis of the efficacy of using Ribavirin to eliminate Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1, Grapevine fleck virus and Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus from Vitis vinifera cv. Riesling. The original plant used for sanitation by Ribavirin treatment was one naturally infected with all the viruses mentioned above as confirmed by RT-PCR. A tissue cultures of the plant were established and plantlets obtained were sanitized using Ribavirin. Three years after sanitation, a small RNA sequencing method for virus detection, targeting 21, 22 and 24 nt-long viral small RNAs (vsRNAs), was used to analyze both the mother plant and the sanitized plants. The results showed that the mother plant was infected by the three mentioned viruses and additionally by two viroids - Hop stunt viroid and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1. After Ribavirin treatment, the plants contained only the two viroids, with the complete elimination of all the viruses previously present.
- MeSH
- Plant Diseases prevention & control virology MeSH
- Ribavirin pharmacology MeSH
- RNA, Viral genetics MeSH
- Plant Viruses drug effects genetics MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Vitis virology MeSH
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing * MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Analysis of complete genome sequences of three Slovak isolates of grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) showed their low heterogeneity (reaching 1.7 %) and a close relationship to the Italian NC_015782 isolate (4.2-4.5 % divergence). Comparison of Slovak and Italian isolates revealed an unusual accumulation of 21 indel mutations in ORF1, resulting in a localized high divergence in the encoded amino acid sequences. An elevated divergence in the 5' extremity of the GPGV genomes is suggestive of a recombination between Slovak isolates and grapevine berry inner necrosis virus. RT-PCR allowed the frequent detection of closely related GPGV isolates in grapevines from Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- Flexiviridae classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Genetic Variation * MeSH
- Genome, Viral MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Plant Diseases virology MeSH
- Open Reading Frames MeSH
- Vitis virology MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Slovakia MeSH
Although the analysis of length polymorphism at STR loci has become a method of choice for grape cultivar identification, the standardization of methods for this purpose lags behind that of methods for DNA profiling in human and animal forensic genetics. The aim of this study was thus to design and validate a grapevine STR protocol with a practically useful level of multiplexing. Using free bioinformatics tools, published primer sequences, and nucleotide databases, we constructed and optimized a primer set for the simultaneous analysis of six STR loci (VVIi51, scu08vv, scu05vv, VVMD17, VrZAG47, and VrZAG83) by multiplex PCR and CE with laser-induced fluorescence, and tested it on 90 grape cultivars. The new protocol requires subnanogram quantities of the DNA template and enables automated, high-throughput genetic analysis with reasonable discriminatory power. As such, it represents a step toward further standardization of grape DNA profiling.
- MeSH
- Algorithms MeSH
- DNA, Plant analysis genetics MeSH
- Genetic Markers genetics MeSH
- Microsatellite Repeats genetics MeSH
- Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction methods MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Wine MeSH
- Vitis classification genetics MeSH
- Computational Biology MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Besides signalling to soil organisms, strigolactones (SLs) control above- and below-ground morphology, in particular shoot branching. Furthermore, SLs interact with stress responses, possibly thanks to a crosstalk with the abscisic acid (ABA) signal. In grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), ABA drives the accumulation of anthocyanins over the ripening season. In this study, we investigated the effects of treatment with a synthetic strigolactone analogue, GR24, on anthocyanin accumulation in grape berries, in the presence or absence of exogenous ABA treatment. Experiments were performed both on severed, incubated berries, and on berries attached to the vine. Furthermore, we analysed the corresponding transcript concentrations of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and in ABA biosynthesis, metabolism, and membrane transport. During the experiment time courses, berries showed the expected increase in soluble sugars and anthocyanins. GR24 treatment had no or little effect on anthocyanin accumulation, or on gene expression levels. Exogenous ABA treatment activated soluble sugar and anthocyanin accumulation, and enhanced expression of anthocyanin and ABA biosynthetic genes, and that of genes involved in ABA hydroxylation and membrane transport. Co-treatment of GR24 with ABA delayed anthocyanin accumulation, decreased expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, and negatively affected ABA concentration. GR24 also enhanced the ABA-induced activation of ABA hydroxylase genes, while it down-regulated the ABA-induced activation of ABA transport genes. Our results show that GR24 affects the ABA-induced activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in this non-climacteric fruit. We discuss possible mechanisms underlying this effect, and the potential role of SLs in ripening of non-ABA-treated berries.
Endophytes are microorganisms that colonize the internal tissues of plants and may have beneficial effects on plants such as growth promotion or resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Endophytic bacteria and microscopic fibrous fungi were also isolated from grapevine (V. vinifera). These organisms may not only have a positive effect on the vitality of host plants and promote their growth but also be a source of new and interesting secondary metabolites that could find use in pharmaceutical and food indus-try or agriculture.
The process of grape berry ripening follows three phases with distinct metabolic processes and complex regulations via phytohormones. The physiological ripening disorder berry shrivel (BS) is characterized by reduced sugar accumulation, low anthocyanin contents, and high acidity in affected berries. The processes leading to BS induction are unknown, but recent transcriptional data on reduced expression of switch genes hint towards a disturbed ripening onset. Herein we investigated the phytohormone composition throughout grape berry ripening in healthy and BS berries in Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Blauer Zweigelt. Thereby we hypothesize that phytohormones are key players for BS induction and suppress the expression of switch genes at veraison. The presented metabolomics and RNAseq data describe two distinct phytohormone profiles in BS berries, differing between pre- and post-veraison with a clear ethylene precursor (aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC) peak before veraison. Exogenous application of ACC led to BS symptoms, while ethephone application led to berry abscission. During post-veraison, we observed high ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE) and low indole-3-acetate aspartate (IAA-Asp) and isopentenyladenine (iP) contents in BS berries and the transcriptional induction of several phytohormone pathways. The presented descriptive data provide valuable knowledge to further decipher the role of phytohormones in BS induction and BS symptom development.
A recently described putative foveavirus, grapevine virus T (GVT), was detected in a Slovak grapevine accession (SK704) using high-throughput sequencing, prompting further studies. Full-length genome sequence of isolate GVT-SK704 was determined. Analyses revealed 86.1% nucleotide identity with the Italian GVT isolate, currently the only available nearly complete sequence of GVT in GenBank. A virus-specific RT-PCR assay was developed, which enabled a survey of GVT incidence in grapevine samples from Slovakia and Czech Republic. Unexpectedly, GVT was present in ~ 30% of tested samples. Analysis of complete CP gene sequences of 20 Slovak and Czech GVT isolates detected in the survey revealed relatively high intra-species variability (up to 11.2% nucleotide divergence), suggesting multiple introductions from different sources, possibly over an extended period of time.
- MeSH
- Flexiviridae classification genetics MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Genetic Variation * MeSH
- Genome, Viral MeSH
- Genomics methods MeSH
- Plant Diseases virology MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Slovakia MeSH
