Use of a multi-sensor approach can provide citizens with holistic insights into the air quality of their immediate surroundings and their personal exposure to urban stressors. Our work, as part of the ICARUS H2020 project, which included over 600 participants from seven European cities, discusses the data fusion and harmonization of a diverse set of multi-sensor data streams to provide a comprehensive and understandable report for participants. Harmonizing the data streams identified issues with the sensor devices and protocols, such as non-uniform timestamps, data gaps, difficult data retrieval from commercial devices, and coarse activity data logging. Our process of data fusion and harmonization allowed us to automate visualizations and reports, and consequently provide each participant with a detailed individualized report. Results showed that a key solution was to streamline the code and speed up the process, which necessitated certain compromises in visualizing the data. A thought-out process of data fusion and harmonization of a diverse set of multi-sensor data streams considerably improved the quality and quantity of distilled data that a research participant received. Though automation considerably accelerated the production of the reports, manual and structured double checks are strongly recommended.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Information Storage and Retrieval MeSH
• Cities MeSH
• Air Pollution * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Cities MeSH

Investigating cerebral metabolism in vivo at a microscopic level is essential for understanding brain function and its pathological alterations. The intricate signaling and metabolic dynamics between neurons, glia, and microvasculature requires much more detailed understanding to better comprehend the mechanisms governing brain function and its disease-related changes. We recently demonstrated that pharmacologically-induced alterations to different steps of cerebral metabolism can be distinguished utilizing 2-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging of endogenous reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence in vivo. Here, we evaluate the ability of the phasor analysis method to identify these pharmacological metabolic alterations and compare the method's performance with more conventional nonlinear curve-fitting analysis. Visualization of phasor data, both at the fundamental laser repetition frequency and its second harmonic, enables resolution of pharmacologically-induced alterations to mitochondrial metabolic processes from baseline cerebral metabolism. Compared to our previous classification models based on nonlinear curve-fitting, phasor-based models required fewer parameters and yielded comparable or improved classification accuracy. Fluorescence lifetime imaging of NADH and phasor analysis shows utility for detecting metabolic alterations and will lead to a deeper understanding of cerebral energetics and its pathological changes.

• MeSH
• Bicuculline analogs & derivatives   pharmacology   MeSH
• Biomarkers metabolism   MeSH
• Models, Biological MeSH
• Rodentia physiology   MeSH
• Intravital Microscopy methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton methods   MeSH
• Mitochondria drug effects   metabolism   MeSH
• Disease Models, Animal MeSH
• Cerebral Cortex drug effects   metabolism   MeSH
• NAD metabolism   MeSH
• Nonlinear Dynamics MeSH
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• Seizures chemically induced   diagnostic imaging   metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Evaluation Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

• MeSH
• Inorganic Chemicals adverse effects   pharmacokinetics   MeSH
• Models, Biological MeSH
• No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level MeSH
• Pharmacological and Toxicological Phenomena MeSH
• Risk Assessment standards   MeSH
• Organic Chemicals pharmacokinetics   toxicity   MeSH

• Conspectus
• Chemie. Mineralogické vědy
• NML Fields
• chemie, klinická chemie
• environmentální vědy
• NML Publication type
• publikace WHO

Vývoj širokopásmových ultrazvukových měničů a nová, zcela digitalizovaná technologie zpracování obrazu vedly k zavedení tzv. harmonického zobrazení. Při něm sonda nepřijímá odrazy základniho vysílaného kmitočtu, nýbrž kmity 2. harmonického kmitočtu. Ty vznikají jednak kmitáním bublin kontrastních látek vpravených do krevního oběhu (kontrastní harmonické zobrazení), jednak kmitáním samotných tkáňových struktur v důsledku nelineárního šíření ultrazvuku v tkáních (přirozené harmonické zobrazení). Potlačením základního kmitočtu dojde v oblasti 2. harmonického kmitočtu k výraznému zlepšení poměru signál/šum a tím ke zvýšení kontrastu a prostorového rozlišení. Harmonické zobrazení je zvláště výhodné u pacientů, které je možno konvenčním způsobem ultrazvukového zobrazení jen obtížně vyšetřit.

Development of new broad-band ultrasound transducers as well as new, fully digitised, technology of image processing opened the way to harmonic imaging. In this new technology the transducer does not receive echoes of the basic emitted frequency, but it receives vibrations of the 2nd harmonic frequency which originates either from vibration of bubbles of echocontrast agents, introduced in the circulatory system (contrast harmonic imaging), or from vibration of tissue structures as a consequence of non-linear wave propagation in tissues (native harmonic imaging). By suppressing the basic frequency a significant improvement of the sigpial/noise ratio in the range of 2nd harmonic frequency takes place. This is followed by improvement of contrast and spatial resolution. Harmonic imaging is especially useful in patients where conventional ultrasound examination is difficult.

• MeSH
• Capillaries physiology   MeSH
• Contrast Media diagnostic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
• Regional Blood Flow MeSH
• Ultrasonography methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Ultrasonics diagnostic use   MeSH
• Image Enhancement MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Chemistry MeSH
• No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level MeSH
• Pharmacokinetics MeSH
• Genetic Variation MeSH
• Risk Assessment standards   MeSH
• Specialty Uses of Chemicals MeSH
• Toxicity Tests MeSH
• Publication type
• Guideline MeSH

• Conspectus
• Chemie. Mineralogické vědy
• NML Fields
• chemie, klinická chemie
• NML Publication type
• publikace WHO

• MeSH
• Dominance, Cerebral MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Telencephalon physiology   MeSH
• Visual Perception MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Molecular Biology MeSH
• Spectrum Analysis MeSH
• Publication type
• Abstracts MeSH

• Conspectus
• Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
• NML Fields
• biologie
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody

BACKGROUND: Multifunctional two-photon laser scanning microscopy provides attractive advantages over conventional two-photon laser scanning microscopy. For the first time, simultaneous measurement of the second harmonic generation (SHG) signals in the forward and backward directions and two photon excitation fluorescence were achieved from the deep shade plant Selaginella erythropus. RESULTS: These measurements show that the S. erythropus leaves produce high SHG signals in both directions and the SHG signals strongly depend on the laser's status of polarization and the orientation of the dipole moment in the molecules that interact with the laser light. The novelty of this work is (1) uncovering the unusual structure of S. erythropus leaves, including diverse chloroplasts, various cell types and micromophology, which are consistent with observations from general electron microscopy; and (2) using the multifunctional two-photon laser scanning microscopy by combining three platforms of laser scanning microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, harmonic generation microscopy and polarizing microscopy for detecting the SHG signals in the forward and backward directions, as well as two photon excitation fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS: With the multifunctional two-photon laser scanning microscopy, one can use noninvasive SHG imaging to reveal the true architecture of the sample, without photodamage or photobleaching, by utilizing the fact that the SHG is known to leave no energy deposition on the interacting matter because of the SHG virtual energy conservation characteristic.

• MeSH
• Chloroplasts chemistry   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Microscopy, Confocal methods   MeSH
• Plant Leaves chemistry   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton methods   MeSH
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods   MeSH
• Selaginellaceae chemistry   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Algorithms MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Kidney ultrasonography   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pancreas ultrasonography   MeSH
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Heart MeSH
• Ultrasonography methods   instrumentation   trends   MeSH
• Image Enhancement methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Lasers MeSH
• Publication type
• Meeting Abstract MeSH
• Collected Work MeSH

• Conspectus
• Optika
• NML Fields
• fyzika, biofyzika
• technika