honeybee
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- MeSH
- alergie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunoblotting metody MeSH
- imunoglobulin E krev MeSH
- imunoglobulin G MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- specificita protilátek MeSH
- včelí jedy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
V naší práci jsme sledovali změny specifických protilátek u pacientů léčených specifickou imunoterapií (SAIT), kteří měli prokázanou přecitlivělost na včelí jed. K vyšetření specifických protilátek jsme požívali metodu CAP a imunoblot. Po třech letech léčby jsme provedli vyšetření uvolnění leukotrienů in vitro CAST a srovnávali jeho výsledky se změnami hladin specifických protilátek IgM,IgG,IgG4. V průběhu léčby. U většiny pacientů od počátku léčby stoupaly hladiny specifických IgG4. Většina pacientů s negativním CAST vykazovala změnu poměru spec. IgE : spec. IgG4 ve prospěch IgG4. Dále jsme sledovali změny spektra specifických protilátek proti jednotlivým složkám včelího jedu. U pacientů docházelo většinou k rozšírení spektra v IgG4, ale u části došlo k rozšírení i v IgE. Domníváme se, že vyšetřování specifických protilátek během SAIT je důležité k posouzení efektu léčby.
The changes in levels of specific antibodies were described in the patients with specific immunotherapy (SAIT) by honeybee venom. We investigated the specific IgE, IgG, IgG4 by means CAP system and immunoblot. The test of leukotriene-release CAST was performend after the third year of SAIT. We compared the results of CAST and the changes in levels of specific antibodies. In the most of the patients the levels of specific IgG4 were increased continuously during the immunotherapy. In the group with negative CAST the ratio spec. IgE : spec. IgG4 was changed pro IgG4 in the most of this patients. We described also changes of the spectrum of specific antibodies in the course of SAIT. In the most patients we found new antibodies in IgG4, but in some of them also in specifis IgE. We supposed to be important to observed the changes of the levels of specific antihbodies during SAIT in relation to the clinical efficacy.
- Klíčová slova
- Alutard, Sevapharma,
- MeSH
- alergie diagnóza patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- imunoblotting metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- imunoglobulin E krev MeSH
- imunoglobulin G krev MeSH
- imunoterapie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přehledová literatura jako téma MeSH
- příznaky a symptomy MeSH
- specificita protilátek účinky léků MeSH
- včelí jedy aplikace a dávkování imunologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- Varroidae patogenita MeSH
- včely * virologie MeSH
- virové nemoci * diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie veterinární MeSH
- viry hmyzu klasifikace MeSH
- zdravotní stav populace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- bodnutí blanokřídlým hmzem, desloratadin, montelukast,
- MeSH
- acetáty terapeutické užití MeSH
- antagonisté leukotrienů terapeutické užití MeSH
- chinoliny terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- kousnutí a bodnutí hmyzem * komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- loratadin analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- nesedativní H1-antihistaminika aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- nízká teplota * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- off-label použití léčivého přípravku MeSH
- penicilin V aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- urtikarie * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- včelí jedy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- včely MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
In this study, the biochemical and physiological features of the firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus were investigated to understand the impact of the honeybee Apis mellifera venom on them using physiological methods (mortality, total level of metabolism), biochemical methods (ELISA, mass spectrometry, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, spectrophotometry) and molecular methods (real-time PCR). Together, the obtained findings suggest that venom injection increased the level of adipokinetic hormone (AKH) in the CNS of P. apterus, indicating that this hormone plays a key role in activating defence responses. Furthermore, histamine levels in the gut increased significantly after envenomation and did not seem to be modulated by AKH. In contrast, histamine levels in the haemolymph increased after treatment with AKH and AKH + venom. In addition, we found that vitellogenin levels in haemolymph decreased in both males and females after venom application. Lipids, which are the main energy metabolites used by Pyrrhocoris, were significantly exhausted from the haemolymph after the administration of venom and the co-application with AKH reversed this effect. However, we did not find much influence on the effect of digestive enzymes after the injection of venom. Our research has highlighted the noticeable effect of bee venom on P. apterus' body and provided new insights into the role of AKH in controlling defensive responses. However, it is also likely that there will be alternative defence mechanisms.
AIMS: The winter beehive debris containing bodies of honeybee parasitic mite Varroa destructor is used for veterinary diagnostics. The Varroa sucking honeybee haemolymph serves as a reservoir of pathogens including bacteria. Worker bees can pick up pathogens from the debris during cleaning activities and spread the infection to healthy bees within the colony. The aim of this study was to detect entomopathogenic bacteria in the Varroa collected from the winter beehive debris. METHODS AND RESULTS: Culture-independent approach was used to analyse the mite-associated bacterial community. Total DNA was extracted from the samples of 10 Varroa female individuals sampled from 27 different sites in Czechia. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified using universal bacterial primers, cloned and sequenced, resulting in a set of 596 sequences representing 29 operational taxonomic units (OTU97). To confirm the presence of bacteria in Varroa, histological sections of the mites were observed. Undetermined bacteria were observed in the mite gut and fat tissue. CONCLUSION: Morganella sp. was the most frequently detected taxon, followed by Enterococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Rahnella sp., Erwinia sp., and Arsenophonus sp. The honeybee putative pathogen Spiroplasma sp. was detected at one site and Bartonella-like bacteria were found at four sites. PCR-based analysis using genus-specific primers enabled detection of the following taxa: Enterococcus, Bartonella-like bacteria, Arsenophonus and Spiroplasma. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: We found potentially pathogenic (Spiroplasma) and parasitic bacteria (Arsenophonus) in mites from winter beehive debris. The mites can be reservoirs of the pathogenic bacteria in the apicultures.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- Varroidae mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- včely růst a vývoj parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- alergeny imunologie MeSH
- alergie diagnóza MeSH
- diagnostické testy rutinní MeSH
- fosfolipasy A imunologie MeSH
- hmyzí proteiny imunologie MeSH
- hyaluronoglukosaminidasa imunologie MeSH
- imunoanalýza MeSH
- imunoglobulin E metabolismus MeSH
- kožní testy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- sérologie MeSH
- včelí jedy imunologie MeSH
- včely imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
We investigated pathogens in the parasitic honeybee mite Varroa destructor using nanoLC-MS/MS (TripleTOF) and 2D-E-MS/MS proteomics approaches supplemented with affinity-chromatography to concentrate trace target proteins. Peptides were detected from the currently uncharacterized Varroa destructor Macula-like virus (VdMLV), the deformed wing virus (DWV)-complex and the acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV). Peptide alignments revealed detection of complete structural DWV-complex block VP2-VP1-VP3, VDV-1 helicase and single-amino-acid substitution A/K/Q in VP1, the ABPV structural block VP1-VP4-VP2-VP3 including uncleaved VP4/VP2, and VdMLV coat protein. Isoforms of viral structural proteins of highest abundance were localized via 2D-E. The presence of all types of capsid/coat proteins of a particular virus suggested the presence of virions in Varroa. Also, matches between the MWs of viral structural proteins on 2D-E and their theoretical MWs indicated that viruses were not digested. The absence/scarce detection of non-structural proteins compared with high-abundance structural proteins suggest that the viruses did not replicate in the mite; hence, virions accumulate in the Varroa gut via hemolymph feeding. Hemolymph feeding also resulted in the detection of a variety of honeybee proteins. The advantages of MS-based proteomics for pathogen detection, false-positive pathogen detection, virus replication, posttranslational modifications, and the presence of honeybee proteins in Varroa are discussed.
- MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- databáze genetické MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu * MeSH
- proteom * MeSH
- proteomika * metody MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- Varroidae virologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The western honeybee is the primary pollinator of numerous food crops. Furthermore, honeybees are essential for ecosystem stability by sustaining the diversity and abundance of wild flowering plants. However, the worldwide population of honeybees is under pressure from environmental stress and pathogens. Viruses from the families Iflaviridae and Dicistroviridae, together with their vector, the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, are the major threat to the world's honeybees. Dicistroviruses and iflaviruses have capsids with icosahedral symmetries. Acidic pH triggers the genome release of both dicistroviruses and iflaviruses. The capsids of iflaviruses expand, whereas those of dicistroviruses remain compact until the genome release. Furthermore, dicistroviruses use inner capsid proteins, whereas iflaviruses employ protruding domains or minor capsid proteins from the virion surface to penetrate membranes and deliver their genomes into the cell cytoplasm. The structural characterization of the infection process opens up possibilities for the development of antiviral compounds.
- MeSH
- genom virový * MeSH
- kapsida chemie metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- konformace proteinů MeSH
- krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
- kyseliny MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- RNA-viry metabolismus MeSH
- včely virologie MeSH
- virion chemie genetika MeSH
- virové nemoci veterinární MeSH
- virové plášťové proteiny chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Nowadays, Varroa destructor is considered as a serious pest of honeybees (Apis mellifera) and its resistance to acaricides has been reported in Europe since the early 1990s. That is why new methods of treatment for Varroa mites are still in focus of many scientists. In our study, we determined the lethal concentration LC50 (72 h) of 2.425% oxalic acid solution following single spray exposure of honeybee larvae under laboratory conditions (Guideline OECD 237 2013). Potential sublethal effects of oxalic acid were monitored through the determination of the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Activation of primary antioxidant enzymes was observed at 1.75% of oxalic acid; 3.5% of oxalic acid brought on a statistically significant increase of glutathione S-transferase activity. This change was accompanied by an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, products of lipid peroxidation. Our results indicate that oxalic acid may be harmful to bee brood when present during application.
- MeSH
- akaricidy toxicita MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina oxalová toxicita MeSH
- larva účinky léků MeSH
- LD50 MeSH
- Varroidae MeSH
- včely účinky léků enzymologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH