inulin
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Táto štúdia sa zaoberá problematikou technologického spracovania čakanky obyčajnej (Cichorium intybus) za účelom izolácie fruktánového polysacharidu inulínu (C6H10O5) a optimalizáciou jednotlivých výrobných stupňov extrakcie (spôsob čistenia suroviny pred samotnou extrakciou a purifikácie konečného produktu, teplota extrakčnej zmesi, expozičná doba extrakčného činidla, vplyv pH, optimalizácia modulu pre stanovenie najvhodnejšieho objemu extrakčného činidla, stanovenie najvhodnejšieho pomeru objemu etanolu pri vyzrážaní inulínu z reakčného prostredia). Dosiahnuté experimentálne výsledky sú porovnávané a hodnotené so zameraním na kvalitu (belosť) a výťažnosť získaného finálneho produktu. Ďalej sa práca zaoberá aj niektorými možnými aplikáciami inulínu vo farmaceutickej, medicínskej, kozmetologickej, potravinárskej a krmovinárskej oblasti.
The study is concerned with the technological processing of chicory Cichorium intybus in order to isolate the fructan polysaccharide inulin (C6H10O5) and the optimization of the individual production steps of extraction (the method of purification of the raw material prior to the extraction itself and purification of the final product, temperature of the extraction mixture, exposure period of the extraction agent, effect of pH, optimization of the module for the determination of the most suitable volume of the extraction agent, determination of the most suitable ratio of the volume of ethanol in the extraction of inulin from the reaction medium). The obtained experimental results are compared and evaluated with regard to quality (whiteness) and the yield of the obtained final product. The paper is also concerned with several possible uses of inulin in pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetological, food industrial, and fodder production fields.
- MeSH
- inulin aplikace a dávkování metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- střeva MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The polysaccharide inulin has great importance in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The degree of polymerization (DP) of inulin influences important properties, such as, solubility, thermal stability, sweetness power and prebiotic activity. Molecules with a high degree of polymerization are obtained through physical techniques for enrichment of the inulin chains because they are not commonly obtained from plants extract. Gas chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and (1)H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis showed that inulin from Stevia rebaudiana roots has a degree of polymerization (DPn 28) higher than the value of DPn 12-15 for inulins from other plant species. Furthermore, the methodology of freeze/thaw to enrich the chains allowed us to increase the DP, similarly to other methodologies used for the enrichment of inulin chains. The prebiotic assays confirm that inulin from S. rebaudiana has a high DP. The combined use of these molecules with low degree of polymerization fructans seems to be advantageous to prolong the prebiotic effect in the colon. Our results suggest that S. rebaudiana roots are a promising source of high degree polymerization inulins.
Pfaffia glomerata (Amaranthaceae) is popularly known as "Brazilian ginseng." Previous studies have shown that fructose is the major carbohydrate component present in its roots. Inulin-type fructans, polymers of fructose, are the most widespread and researched prebiotics. Here, we isolated and chemically characterized inulin extracted from P. glomerata roots and investigated its potential prebiotic effect. Fructans were isolated and their structures were determined using colorimetric, chromatography, polarimetry, and spectroscopic analysis. The degree of polymerization (DP) was determined, and an in vitro prebiotic test was performed. The structure of inulin was confirmed by chromatography and spectroscopic analysis and through comparison with existing data. Representatives from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium utilized inulin from P. glomerata, because growth was significantly stimulated, while this ability is strain specific. The results indicated that inulin extracted from P. glomerata roots represents a promising new source of inulin-type prebiotics.
- MeSH
- Amaranthaceae chemie MeSH
- chemická precipitace MeSH
- inulin chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- kořeny rostlin chemie MeSH
- Lactobacillus účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- polymerizace MeSH
- prebiotika MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- inulin metabolismus MeSH
- kreatinin metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata fyziologie MeSH
- MeSH
- alkoholická cirhóza jater patofyziologie MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hodnoty glomerulární filtrace MeSH
- inulin farmakokinetika MeSH
- kreatinin krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolická clearance MeSH
- nemoci ledvin patofyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vyšetření funkce ledvin metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
AIM: The metabolic performance of the gut microbiota contributes to the onset of type 2 diabetes. However, targeted dietary interventions are limited by the highly variable inter-individual response. We hypothesized (1) that the composition of the complex gut microbiome and metabolome (MIME) differ across metabolic spectra (lean-obese-diabetes); (2) that specific MIME patterns could explain the differential responses to dietary inulin; and (3) that the response can be predicted based on baseline MIME signature and clinical characteristics. METHOD: Forty-nine patients with newly diagnosed pre/diabetes (DM), 66 metabolically healthy overweight/obese (OB), and 32 healthy lean (LH) volunteers were compared in a cross-sectional case-control study integrating clinical variables, dietary intake, gut microbiome, and fecal/serum metabolomes (16 S rRNA sequencing, metabolomics profiling). Subsequently, 27 DM were recruited for a predictive study: 3 months of dietary inulin (10 g/day) intervention. RESULTS: MIME composition was different between groups. While the DM and LH groups represented opposite poles of the abundance spectrum, OB was closer to DM. Inulin supplementation was associated with an overall improvement in glycemic indices, though the response was very variable, with a shift in microbiome composition toward a more favorable profile and increased serum butyric and propionic acid concentrations. The improved glycemic outcomes of inulin treatment were dependent on better baseline glycemic status and variables related to the gut microbiota, including the abundance of certain bacterial taxa (i.e., Blautia, Eubacterium halii group, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminiclostridium, Dialister, or Phascolarctobacterium), serum concentrations of branched-chain amino acid derivatives and asparagine, and fecal concentrations of indole and several other volatile organic compounds. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that obesity is a stronger determinant of different MIME patterns than impaired glucose metabolism. The large inter-individual variability in the metabolic effects of dietary inulin was explained by differences in baseline glycemic status and MIME signatures. These could be further validated to personalize nutritional interventions in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * MeSH
- inulin * metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multiomika MeSH
- nadváha metabolismus MeSH
- obezita metabolismus MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
