Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was employed for the determination of thermodynamic acidity constants (pKa ) and actual ionic mobilities of polycationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The effective electrophoretic mobilities of AMPs were measured by CE in a series of the background electrolytes within a wide pH range (2.00-12.25), at constant ionic strength (25 mM) and ambient temperature, using polybrene coated fused silica capillaries to suppress sorption of cationic AMPs to the capillary wall. Eventually, Haarhoff-Van der Linde peak fitting function was used for the determination of correct migration times of some AMPs peaks that were distorted by electromigration dispersion. The measured effective mobilities were corrected to 25°C. Mixed acidity constants, pKa,i mix , and actual ionic mobilities, mi , of AMPs were determined by the nonlinear regression analysis of pH dependence of their effective mobilities. The pKa,i mix values were recalculated to thermodynamic pKa s using the Debye-Hückel theory. Thermodynamic pKa of imidazolium group of histidine residues was found to be in the range 3.72-4.98, pKa of α-NH3(+) group was in the range 6.14-6.93, and pKa of ε-NH3(+) group of lysine spanned the interval 7.26-9.84, depending on the particular amino acid sequence of the AMPs. Actual ionic mobilities of AMPs with positive charges from one to six elementary units achieved values (9.8 - 36.5) × 10(-9) m(2) V(-1) s(-1) .

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny chemie   MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární metody   MeSH
• kationické antimikrobiální peptidy analýza   chemie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• nelineární dynamika MeSH
• osmolární koncentrace MeSH
• termodynamika MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• počítačové systémy MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika
• lékařská informatika

• MeSH
• epidemiologická měření MeSH
• infekční nemoci MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• infekční lékařství
• epidemiologie

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of meropenem in a heterogeneous population of patients with a serious bacterial infection in order to propose dosing optimisation leading to improved achievement of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target. METHODS: A total of 174 meropenem serum levels obtained from 144 patients during therapeutic drug monitoring were analysed using a non-linear mixed-effects modelling approach and Monte Carlo simulation was then used to compare various dosing regimens in order to optimise PK/PD target attainment. RESULTS: The meropenem volume of distribution of the patient population was 54.95 L, while clearance started at 3.27 L/hour and increased by 0.91 L/hour with each 1 mL/s/1.73 m2 of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Meropenem clearance was also 0.31 L/hour higher in postoperative patients with central nervous system infection. Meropenem administration by continuous infusion showed a significantly higher probability of attaining the PK/PD target than a standard 30 min infusion (95.3% vs 49.5%). CONCLUSIONS: A daily meropenem dose of 3 g, 6 g and 10.5 g administered by continuous infusion was shown to be accurate for patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, normal renal function to mild renal impairment and augmented renal clearance, respectively.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakokinetika   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• intravenózní infuze MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• meropenem * farmakokinetika   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• metoda Monte Carlo MeSH
• monitorování léčiv metody   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Research questions about how and why health trends differ between populations require decisions about data analytic procedure. The objective was to document and compare the information returned from stratified, fixed effect and random effect approaches to data modelling for two prototypical descriptive research questions about comparative trends in toothbrushing. METHODS: Data included five cycles of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2006 to 2022, which provided a sample of 980192 11- to 15- year olds from 35 countries. Using logistic regression models and generalized linear mixed models, toothbrushing daily was regressed on time, following the three approaches to analysis of trends. RESULTS: The stratified approach suggested a positive but non-linear trend in toothbrushing from 2006 to 2022 in most countries but provided no statistical inference on the variation. The fixed effect and the random effect approach converged on a positive but flattening overall trend, with a statistically significant country variation in trends. CONCLUSION: Only the fixed effect approach and the random effects approach provided clear answers to the research question. Additional methodological considerations for making an informed choice of analytical approach are discussed.

• MeSH
• chování mladistvých MeSH
• čištění zubů * statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• zdravé chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

AIMS: While the effect of different types of incontinence on the quality of life (QoL) has been clearly documented, the information about the impact of incontinence severity on QoL in women is lacking. Therefore, we investigated whether increasingly severe degrees of incontinence were linearly correlated with poorer QoL. METHODS: We included 391 incontinent women and 81 continent volunteers in the study and assessed them in accordance with routine clinical practice. A 24 h pad-weight test was used to objectively quantify the incontinence severity. We then stratified participants according to incontinence type and severity and assessed correlations between incontinence severity and Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC), International Consultation on Incontinence short-form questionnaire (ICIQ-SF), and King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) quality of life scores in the entire study population and in individual groups according to incontinence type. RESULTS: Minimal incontinence was associated with significant negative impact on QoL, as measured by all quality of life assement tools. There were nonlinear correlations between scores on individual questionnaires and daily leakage volumes. Stress urinary incontinence had a weaker impact on quality of life than urge or mixed incontinence, as measured by PPBC (P < 0.0001), KHQ part 1 (P < 0.0001), and KHQ part 2 (P < 0.001). Stress urinary incontinence also had a weaker impact on QoL than mixed incontinence as measured by ICI-Q (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that even mild urinary leakage significantly reduces the QoL, while subsequent increase in the degree of incontinence has only minimal additional effect. There was no linear correlation between incontinence severity and QoL.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• inkontinence moči psychologie   MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nelineární dynamika MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stresová inkontinence moči psychologie   MeSH
• urgentní inkontinence psychologie   MeSH
• vložky pro inkontinentní pacienty MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

CZE has been applied to determination of thermodynamic acidity constants (pKa ) of ionogenic groups and actual ionic mobilities of polyprotic peptides-synthetic human and salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormones and their derivatives and fragments. First, the mixed acidity constants, pKa,imix, of ionogenic groups, and actual ionic mobilities, mi , of gonadotropin-releasing hormone peptides were determined by nonlinear regression analysis of pH dependence of their effective electrophoretic mobilities. The effective mobilities were measured by CZE in a series of BGEs within a broad pH range (1.80-12.10), at constant ionic strength (25 mM) and reference temperature (25°C). Second, the pKa,imix values were recalculated to thermodynamic pKa s using the Debye-Hückel theory. Thermodynamic pKa of carboxyl groups was estimated to be in the range of 2.5-3.3 for C-terminal amino acids of the above peptides, and 5.2 for glutamic acid in the middle of peptide chain; pKa of imidazolyl group of histidine residues was in the range of 5.7-6.8, pKa of N-terminal amino group of the peptide with free N-terminus was equal to 6.2, pKa of phenol group of tyrosine residues was in the range of 9.8-10.8, and pKa of guanidinyl group or arginine residues reached values 11.1-11.3, depending on the position of the residues in the peptide and on the amino acid sequence of the peptide. Absolute values of actual ionic mobilities of peptides with charge number ±2 were in the range (14.6-18.6) × 10(-9) m(2) V(-1) s(-1) , and ionic mobilities of peptides with charge number ±1 reached values (6.5-12.9) × 10(-9) m(2) V(-1) s(-1) .

• MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární metody   MeSH
• hormon uvolňující gonadotropiny chemie   MeSH
• ionty chemie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• losos MeSH
• nelineární dynamika MeSH
• termodynamika MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In this work, we have investigated retention of maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using four different stationary phases. The non-derivatized maltooligosaccharides (maltose to maltoheptaose) and their derivatives with 2-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminobenzamide, 2-aminopyridine and 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid were analyzed on silica gel, aminopropyl silica, amide (carbamoyl-bonded silica) and ZIC-HILIC zwitterionic sulfobetain bonded phase. The partitioning of the analytes between the bulk mobile phase and adsorbed water-rich layer, polar and ionic interactions of analytes with stationary phase have been evaluated and compared. The effects of the mobile phase additives (0.1% (v/v) of acetic acid and ammonium acetate in concentration range 5-30 mmol L(-1)) on retention were described. The suitability of different models for prediction of retention was tested including linear solvent strength model, quadratic model, mixed-mode model, and empirical Neue-Kuss model. The mixed-mode model was extended to the parameter describing the contribution of monomeric glucose unit to the retention of non-derivatized and derivatized maltooligosaccharides, which was used for evaluation of contribution of both, oligosaccharide backbone and end-group to retention.

• MeSH
• 1-naftylamin chemie   MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• aminopyridiny chemie   MeSH
• chemické modely * MeSH
• chemické techniky analytické * MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová * MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• oligosacharidy chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• ortoaminobenzoáty chemie   MeSH
• oxid křemičitý chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Models based on ordinary differential equations (ODE) are widespread tools for describing dynamical systems. In biomedical sciences, data from each subject can be sparse making difficult to precisely estimate individual parameters by standard non-linear regression but information can often be gained from between-subjects variability. This makes natural the use of mixed-effects models to estimate population parameters. Although the maximum likelihood approach is a valuable option, identifiability issues favour Bayesian approaches which can incorporate prior knowledge in a flexible way. However, the combination of difficulties coming from the ODE system and from the presence of random effects raises a major numerical challenge. Computations can be simplified by making a normal approximation of the posterior to find the maximum of the posterior distribution (MAP). Here we present the NIMROD program (normal approximation inference in models with random effects based on ordinary differential equations) devoted to the MAP estimation in ODE models. We describe the specific implemented features such as convergence criteria and an approximation of the leave-one-out cross-validation to assess the model quality of fit. In pharmacokinetics models, first, we evaluate the properties of this algorithm and compare it with FOCE and MCMC algorithms in simulations. Then, we illustrate NIMROD use on Amprenavir pharmacokinetics data from the PUZZLE clinical trial in HIV infected patients.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• HIV infekce farmakoterapie   MeSH
• karbamáty farmakokinetika   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• látky proti HIV farmakokinetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování léčiv přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• pravděpodobnostní funkce MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• software * MeSH
• statistické modely MeSH
• sulfonamidy farmakokinetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of data on the long-term effect of nintedanib on survival in specific groups of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients with different phenotypes. We investigated the outcomes of nintedanib therapy in an observational study of a large multicentre real-world cohort of IPF patients with various initial characteristics. METHODS: The analysis included IPF patients treated with nintedanib (NIN) and IPF patients not receiving antifibrotic treatment (NAF) enrolled for the EMPIRE registry in 2015-2020. The patients were stratified according to their initial FVC predicted, dyspnoea, UIP pattern and age. All-cause mortality and annual rate of FVC decline were the main endpoints. Cox proportional hazards model for survival assessment and linear mixed-effects model for FVC decline modelling were used. RESULTS: A total of 869 NIN patients and 691 NAF patients were eligible for the analysis. The annual FVC decline rate was significantly different (adjusted values -0.053 l/yr vs -0.122 l/yr; p = 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for mortality was 0.40 (95 % CI 0.3 to 0.53, p < 0.001). The most significant effect of nintedanib was demonstrated in patients with impaired lung function, i.e., with an FVC predicted to be less than 80 % and a NYHA II to IV. Nintedanib therapy also reduced the difference in survival between men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Modelling confirmed that NIN therapy reduced differences in OS between patients with better and worse initial conditions and prognosis. Our results indicate that NIN is particularly beneficial for patients with advanced IPF and more severe phenotypes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EMPIRE was registered as a non-interventional post-registration study at the State Institute for Drug Control of the Czech Republic under ID 1412080000 on December 8, 2014.

• MeSH
• antifibrotické látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• idiopatická plicní fibróza * farmakoterapie   mortalita   patofyziologie   MeSH
• indoly * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vitální kapacita MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH