parasomnia
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Cieľ: Zmapovať anamnestické charakteristiky a polysomnografické nálezy pacientov s NREM (non rapid eye movement) parasomniou pri zrovnaní s kontrolným súborom a zistiť, či parametry spánku majú súvislosť s klinickými kvalitatívnymi parametrami a komorbiditami. Metodika: Do retrospektívnej štúdie sme zahrnuli 53 pacientov (31 mužov), priemerný vek 31,5 ± 8 rokov. Boli hodnotené anamnestické údaje, vrátane údajov cielených na spánok a jeho poruchy a výsledky polysomnografického vyšetrenia. Polysomnografické nálezy boli porovnané s kontrolnou skupinou 42 zdravých ľudí (23 mužov), priemerný vek 34,1 ± 8 rokov. Výsledky: Najčastejším typom parasomnie hodnoteným podľa anamnézy bol somnambulizmus (88,6 %). Väčšina pacientov udávala začiatok v detstve (86,7 %). Najvýznamnejším triggerom epizód bol stres (26,4 %) a menej často alkohol (3,7 %) a cudzie prostredie (9,4 %). Z komorbidných ochorení sa vyskytovali najčastejšie alergické ochorenia (45,2 %), následne psychiatrické ochorenia (13 %). Počas polysomnografie bola epizóda NREM parasomnie zaznamenaná u 50,9 % pacientov. V porovnaní s kontrolným súborom, mali pacienti s NREM parasomniou kratšiu latenciu zaspania, lepšiu spánkovú efektivitu, nižší podiel bdelosti a vyšší podiel NREM 2 spánku. V skupine pacientov s familiárnym výskytom parasomnie bol zistený nižší podiel NREM 3 spánku. Záver: Najčastejším komorbidným ochorením u pacientov s NREM parasomniou boli alergické ochorenia. Stres bol u NREM parasomnií dominantným triggerom parasomnických epizód, preto má zmysel sa na jeho management zameriavať v klinickej praxi. Zistená súvislosť úbytku NREM 3 spánku a rodinného výskytu podporuje súčasný názor, že dysregulácia NREM 3 má dedičnú predispozíciu.
Objective: To map the anamnestic characteristics and polysomnographic profile of patients with NREM (non rapid eye movement) parasomnia compared to a control group and to determine whether sleep parameters are related to clinical qualitative parameters and comorbidities. Methodology: We included 53 patients (31 men), average age 31.5 ± 8 years, in the retrospective study. We evaluated anamnestic data, including data focused on sleep and sleep disorders, and the results of polysomnographic examination. Polysomnographic findings were compared with a control group of 42 healthy people (23 men), average age 34.1 ± 8 years. Results: The most frequent type of parasomnia evaluated according to the anamnesis was somnambulism (88.6%). The majority of patients reported onset in childhood (86.7%). The most important trigger of episodes was stress (26.4%) and less often alcohol (3.7%), and a foreign environment (9.4%). Among comorbid diseases, allergic diseases were the most frequent (45.2%), followed by psychiatric diseases (13%). During polysomnography, an episode of NREM parasomnia was noted in 50.9% of patients. Compared to the control group, patients with NREM parasomnia had shorter sleep latency, better sleep efficiency, lower proportion of wakefulness, and higher proportion of NREM 2 sleep. A lower proportion of NREM 3 sleep was found in the group of patients with a familial occurrence of parasomnia. Conclusion: The most common comorbid diseases in patients with NREM parasomnia were allergic diseases. Stress was the dominant trigger of parasomnia episodes in NREM parasomnias, so it is important to focus on its management in clinical practice. The association found between NREM 3 sleep loss and familial occurrence supports the current view that NREM 3 dysregulation has a heritable predisposition.
- MeSH
- alergie MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parasomnie * MeSH
- polysomnografie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- spánek pomalých vln MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Childhood parasomnias are believed to be a benign disorder due to immaturity of some neural circuits, synapses and receptors. The aim of our study was to explore a possible connection with other neurological developmental disorders. METHODS: 72 children (mean age 9.9 ± 5.0 years, 47 boys) were clinically examined and 88 nocturnal v-PSG and 22 v-EEG recordings were evaluated. The most frequent diagnostic findings were: sleepwalking in 24 children, confusional arousal in 21, sleep terror in 8, groaning and enuresis each in 7, non-specific arousal disorder in 4 patients, and REM-related parasomnia in only one child. For statistical evaluation chi-square test, the two-sample t-test and Mann-Whitney rank test were used. RESULTS: Perinatal risk history was found in 38% of the cohort. Developmental disorders were diagnosed in 30 children (41.7%), more frequently in combinations with: attention-hyperactivity disorder (30.6%), dyslexia and dysgraphia (13.9%), developmental dysphasia (9.7%), mild motor and/or intellectual dysfunction (6.9%). Abnormal movements in sleep, some of them also regarded as developmental, were diagnosed in 37 children (51.4%). Sleep-related breathing disorders were found in 29 patients (40.3%) -snoring (29.2%) and/or sleep apnea (11.1%). Only 16.7% had no comorbidity. Most of the children (60%) showed 2 or 3, exceptionally up to 5 comorbidities. Children, in whom no parasomnia was found in close relatives, had a mild but non-significant earlier onset of the disease (4.4 ± 4.0 against 6.3 ± 4.3 years). CONCLUSION: Childhood parasomnias are frequently associated with perinatal risk factors and developmental comorbidities, and can be regarded as a disorder of sleep maturation.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- parasomnie komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- vývojové poruchy u dětí diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
We report the case of a 30-year-old woman presenting with dangerous nocturnal NREM episodes with the clinical feature of lancinating throat pain. We hypothesize that the pain may have represented sensory hallucination analogous to commonly recognized visual images associated with NREM parasomnias. This case is also unusual for probable psychological triggers that could play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease, as evidenced by successful psychotherapy.
- MeSH
- bolest etiologie psychologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- farynx * MeSH
- halucinace etiologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parasomnie komplikace psychologie terapie MeSH
- psychoterapie MeSH
- stadia spánku MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- disociační poruchy diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- hlava MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parasomnie diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- polysomnografie MeSH
- syndrom MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- audiovizuální média MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVES: NREM parasomnias also known as disorders of arousal (DOA) are characterised by abnormal motor and autonomic activation during arousals primarily from slow wave sleep. Dissociative state between sleep and wake is likely responsible for clinical symptoms of DOA. We therefore investigated potential dissociation outside of parasomnic events by using simultaneous 256-channel EEG (hdEEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: Eight DOA patients (3 women, mean age = 27.8; SD = 4.2) and 8 gender and age matched healthy volunteers (3 women, mean age = 26,5; SD = 4.0) were included into the study. They underwent 30-32 h of sleep deprivation followed by hdEEG and fMRI recording. We determined 2 conditions: falling asleep (FA) and arousal (A), that occurred outside of deep sleep and/or parasomnic event. We used multimodal approach using data obtained from EEG, fMRI and EEG-fMRI integration approach. RESULTS: DOA patients showed increase in delta and beta activity over postcentral gyrus and cuneus during awakening period. This group expressed increased connectivity between motor cortex and cingulate during arousals unrelated to parasomnic events in the beta frequency band. They also showed lower connectivity between different portions of cingulum. In contrast, the greater connectivity was found between thalamus and some cortical areas, such as occipital cortex. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a complex alteration in falling asleep and arousal mechanisms at both subcortical and cortical levels in response to sleep deprivation. As this alteration is present also outside of slow wave sleep and/or parasomnic episodes we believe this could be a trait factor of DOA.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Parasomnie sú poruchy spánku, z nich niektoré majú väzbu na určité spánkové štádium. NREM (non‐rapid eye movement) parasomnie - tiež nazývané ako poruchy prebúdzania z NREM spánku - sú somnambulizmus, pavor nocturnus, prebúdzanie so zmätenosťou. Poväčšine majú benigný charakter, najvačším nebezpečenstvom je možnosť vzniku tramatu následkom epizódy parasomnie. Najčastejšie vznikajú v detstve a so vzrastajúcim vekom zanikajú. Ak vzniknú v dospelosti, môže to byť na podklade psychopatológie, asociované sú s úzkostne‐depresívnou symptomatikou alebo abúsom návykových látok či alkoholu. K REM (rapid eye movement) parasomniám patria nočné mory, rekurentná izolovaná spánková paralýza a porucha chovania v REM spánku Občasné nočné mory sa vyskytujú vo väčšine detskej populácie, pri vysokej frekvencii epizód s ťažko dysforickými snami, môžeme hovoriť o poruche s nočnými morami. V dospelosti je táto porucha asociovaná s komorbidnou psychopatológiou, najmä postrtaumatickou stresovou poruchou. Porucha chovania v REM spánku má vysokú koreláciu so synukleinopatiami, môže sa objaviť ako prvý príznak neurodegeneratívneho ochorenia, niekedy až roky pred prvými typickými symptómami daného ochorenia.
Parasomnias are sleep disorders, some of which are connected to specific sleep phases. Among NREM (non-rapid eye movement) parasomnias belong somnambulism or sleep walking, pavor nocturnus or sleep terrors, confusional arousal. Most of the time they are bening, the biggest danger is occurrence of injuries as a consequence of episode of parasomnia. The onset is most common in childhood and they disappear with age. The onset is in adulthood can be due to psychopathology, based on research there is association with anxiety and depressive disorders or with alcoholism or substance abuse. Among REM (rapid eye movement) parasomnias belong nightmare disorder, recurrent isolated sleep paralysis and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Occasional nightmares occur in most of children, if the frequency of the episodes is too high and the dreams are quite distressing, we can talk about nightmare disorder. In adulthood it ́s associated with comorbid psychopathology, most commonly post-traumatic stress disorder. REM sleep behavior disorder has high correlation with synucleinopathies. It can be one of the first symptoms of neurodegenerative disease, sometimes years before disease-specific symptoms appear.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parasomnie * klasifikace patofyziologie MeSH
- porucha chování v REM spánku diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- poruchy příjmu potravy diagnóza terapie MeSH
- poruchy probouzení ze spánku diagnóza patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- somnambulismus patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Do skupiny NREM parasomnií řadíme probuzení se zmateností, somnambulizmus a noční děsy. Tyto parasomnie jsou vázány především na dětský věk, nicméně postihují i 2–4 % dospělých. Jako spouštěcí faktory se u geneticky predisponovaných jedinců uplatňují vlivy zvyšující nestabilitu NREM spánku a homeostatický tlak, tedy stavy spojené s fragmentací nebo zmnožením NREM spánku. V klinicky nejednoznačných případech je indikováno polysomnografické vyšetření a video-EEG monitorace. V léčbě se uplatňují farmakologické i nefarmakologické postupy.
NREM arousal parasomnias include confusional arousals, sleepwalking (somnambulism) and sleep terrors (pavor nocturnus). These parasomnias occur primarily in childhood and in 2–4 % of adults. Factros that deepen sleep and factors that fragment sleep have been reported as facilitating or triggering episodes in predisposed individuals. Polysomnography and video-EEG monitoring is indicated in clinically ambiguous cases. A variety of pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological treatments have been recommended for long- -term management of NREM parasomnias.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- klinický obraz nemoci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parasomnie * diagnóza genetika patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- polysomnografie MeSH
- příznaky a symptomy MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- somnambulismus MeSH
- stadia spánku fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Problémy života jsou příčinou primárních poruch spánku. Některé nozologické jednotky čtyř velkých skupin spánkových poruch patří k tzv. neorganickým. Tyto skupiny charakterizuje: insomnie, hypersomnie, poruchy cirkadiánní rytmicity a parasomnie. Tento článek obsahuje popisy neorganických poruch spánku, ve kterých emoce jsou základní příčinou jejich vzniku.
Problems of life are causes of primary sleep disorders. Some of diagnosis of four major groups of sleep disorders have been recognized like nonorganic. These groups have been labeled: insomnia, hypersomnia, circadian rhythm disorder, and parasomnia. This article includes of description of primary sleep disorders in which emotional causes are considrered to by a primary factor.
- MeSH
- dyssomnie etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parasomnie spojené s REM spánkem etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- parasomnie etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- poruchy cirkadiánního rytmu (spánek) etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- poruchy spánku a bdění etiologie klasifikace terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Pregnancy is often associated with reduced sleep quality and an increase in sleep disorders, such as restless leg syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and insomnia. There are few studies investigating the prevalence of parasomnias in pregnancy, although they may be expected to be a significant problem, as disturbed sleep in this time period in addition to these sleep disorders may trigger parasomnia episodes. METHODS: We conducted a survey using an online questionnaire focusing on a comparison of the prevalence of parasomnias in three time periods: 3 months before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and 3 months after delivery. We also inquired about psychiatric and neurological comorbidities, current anxiety and depression symptoms, and pregnancy complications. RESULTS: A total of 325 women (mean age 30.3 ± 5.3 years) participated in the online survey. The overall number of reported parasomnias increased during pregnancy compared to the 3 months before pregnancy (p < 0.001) and decreased after childbirth (p < 0.001). Specifically, we found a significant increase in sleepwalking (p = 0.02) and night terrors (p < 0.001), as well as in vivid dreams (p < 0.001) and nightmares (p < 0.001) during pregnancy. A similar significant increase during pregnancy was reported for head explosion (p < 0.011). In contrast, the number of episodes of sleep paralysis increased after delivery (p = 0.008). At the individual level, an increase in the severity/frequency of individual parasomnia episodes was also observed during pregnancy. Participants whose vivid dreams/nightmares persisted after delivery had higher BDI-II and STAI-T scores. Our data also suggest a significant impact of migraines and other chronic pain, as well as complications during pregnancy, on the presence of parasomnia episodes in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that the prevalence of parasomnias increases during pregnancy and needs to be targeted, especially by non-pharmacological approaches. At the same time, it is necessary to inquire about psychiatric and neurological comorbidities and keep in mind that more sleep disorders may be experienced by mothers who have medical complications during pregnancy.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Ve druhé části článku o spánkové medicíně v pediatrii jsou popsány nejčastější parasomnie, poruchy dýchání ve spánku a narkolepsie. Parasomnie (náměsíčnost, noční děsy, noční enuréza) mají tendenci s věkem ustoupit nebo zcela vymizet. Zatímco enuréza představuje převážně sociální problém, náměsíčnost je spojena s rizikem zranění. Obstrukční spánková apnoe je porucha dýchání ve spánku, která má maximum výskytu v předškolním věku. Kromě negativního dopadu na kognitivní funkce a chování dítěte ovlivňuje také kardiovaskulární systém a metabolické parametry. Významný rizikový faktor představuje obezita. Narkolepsie je vzácné chronické onemocnění, které se projevuje nadměrnou denní spavostí. Příznaky mohou být nenápadné - školní selhávání, nepozornost, změny chování. Diagnostiku poruch dýchání ve spánku a narkolepsie umožňuje noční polysomnografie.
The second part of the manuscript on pediatric sleep medicine deals with the most frequent parasomnias, sleep disordered breathing and narcolepsy. Parasomnias (somnambulism, sleep terrors, sleep enuresis) have tendency to disappear with age. While nocturnal enuresis represents mostly social problem, somnambulism is connected with increased risk of injury. Obstructive sleep apnea is a type of sleep disordered breathing prevailing in preschool age. Apart from negative influence on cognitive functions and behavior it has an impact on cardiovascular system and metabolic parameters. A significant risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea is obesity. Narcolepsy is a rare chronic disorder with symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness. Signs of narcolepsy can be inconspicious - school failure, poor concentration, behavioral changes. Diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing and narcolepsy is based on nocturnal polysomnography.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- enuréza diagnóza terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- narkolepsie diagnóza terapie MeSH
- noční děsy MeSH
- parasomnie * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- polysomnografie MeSH
- poruchy spánku a bdění * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- somnambulismus MeSH
- syndromy spánkové apnoe diagnóza terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH