Even though cognitive testing in animals is widespread, many issues remain open - for example the influence of behavioural parameters on cognitive performance, stability of cognitive performance upon repeated testing, or comparability of cognitive variables across different tasks (i.e. cross-contextual consistency). In this study we tested thirty six male Long Evans laboratory rats and assessed their cognitive performance in two standard tasks of spatial navigation - Active allothetic place avoidance and Morris water maze test. Using multivariate analyses, we detected different aspects of cognition within these complex tasks (the ability to learn fast, cognitive flexibility, general ability to solve a task successfully). We found that consistency of cognitive performance in these two tasks (estimates of cognitive repeatability) differed substantially, reflecting differences in the experimental procedures. Moreover, we inspected cognitive performance of the animals in more detail by creating a correlation matrix of factors derived from these procedures. Nevertheless, we found no correlation and therefore no indication of a general cognitive ability in spatial navigation using these two tasks. In addition, we found no link between personality and cognition when correlating cognitive performance of the animals with parameters from personality tests, which were derived from a previous study conducted on the same animals. These findings highlight a task-dependent nature of cognitive performance in these two tasks of spatial navigation and suggest that general cognitive ability in spatial navigation may not be reliably inferred from these two tasks, while also indicating no evident link between cognition and personality in this context.

• MeSH
• bludiště - učení fyziologie   MeSH
• chování zvířat fyziologie   MeSH
• kognice * fyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• osobnost fyziologie   MeSH
• potkani Long-Evans MeSH
• prostorová navigace * fyziologie   MeSH
• učení vyhýbat se fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

To attract and retain a more diverse workforce, organizations embrace diversity initiatives, expressed in diversity statements on their websites. While the explicit content of diversity statements influences attitudes towards organizations, much less is known about the effect of subtle cues such as emotions. In three pre-registered studies, we tested the effect of positive emotionality in diversity statements on attitudes towards organizations. Study 1 focused on the degree to which 600 European organizations employed emotionality in their diversity statements, finding that although their statements differed in the level of emotionality, on average, organizations avoided highly emotional words. Study 2 (N = 220 UK participants) tested the effect of original diversity statements on readers' attitudes towards an organization, demonstrating that the level of emotionality in the existing statements did not influence positive attitudes towards the organization. In Study 3 (N = 815 UK participants), we thus modified the diversity statements so that they contained high levels of positive emotionality that triggered more positive emotions and resulted in more positive attitudes towards an organization. Taken together, highly emotional words (e.g. passionate; happy; wholeheartedly) are key in diversity statements if organizations wish to increase their attractiveness among potential employees.

• MeSH
• emoce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• podněty MeSH
• postoj * MeSH
• rozmanitost pracovních sil MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Fertility centre websites are a key sources of information on medically assisted reproduction (MAR) for both infertile people and the general public. As part of a global fertility market, they are also a window to attract potential future patients. They give formal and practical information but in the way the information is displayed, they also convey social representations, and in particular, gender representation in its intersectional dimension. The objective is to analyse the sex, class and race representations regarding reproduction and parenthood that are embedded in the content of fertility centre websites in eight European countries. METHODS: The 5 most visible fertility centres that appeared in the first places on Internet search were selected for each country under study, except for one country which has only three fertility centres. In total, 38 fertility centre websites were considered for a thematic analysis using an iterative approach and a comprehensive perspective. RESULTS: Each centre details its services and techniques according to the legal provisions in force in its country. However, on all the websites studied, the fertility centres demonstrate a strong gendered representation. The logos generally depict women or parts of their bodies, as do the photos, which mainly show white women with light eyes. The description of the causes of infertility and the techniques offered by the centres also highlights gender differences. Sperm donation, where MAR is reserved for heterosexual couples, is included among the techniques for women with the comment that it will enable them to fulfil their dream of becoming mothers. CONCLUSIONS: MAR, and through it the project of having a child and procreative work, is presented as a matter for white, cisgender and heterosexual women, thus fueling stratified reproduction and limiting reproductive justice. The research team formulated guidelines for fertility centres to encourage them to adopt a more inclusive approach in terms of sex, social class and race, so that the diversity of infertile people feel involved and welcome in these centres, to avoid misperceptions about infertility in the general population and to reinforce autonomy and justice in reproductive matters.

• MeSH
• asistovaná reprodukce * MeSH
• infertilita psychologie   MeSH
• internet MeSH
• kliniky reprodukční medicíny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rozmnožování MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• společenská třída MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

High quality research is critical for evidence-based decision making in public health and fundamental to maintain progress and trust in immunization programs in Europe. In 2024 the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) conducted an update of the 2020 systematic review to capture more recent evidence on of the efficacy, effectiveness of influenza vaccines in individuals aged 18 years and older in the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza. While this report was highly anticipated due to the strength of the protocol and processes put in place, during our assessment, we expressed two chief concerns. We are concerned by the grading of the evidence certainty applied and being unable to reproduce some data extracted in the report from the primary sources. While the systematic review benefited of strong methods and processes, the execution of the research protocol warrants revision due to the issues discussed. We encourage the ECDC to work towards an updated review within a reasonable time frame to avoid misinterpretation by decision-making bodies across Europe.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy adds challenges for healthcare professionals, regardless of gender. We investigated experiences during pregnancy, attitudes towards pregnant colleagues, family planning decisions, and awareness of regulations among European anaesthesiologists and intensivists. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 3590 anaesthesiologists and intensivists from 47 European countries. The survey, available for 12 weeks, collected data on demographics, working conditions, safety perceptions, and the impact of clinical practice and training demands on family planning. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, whereas qualitative data underwent thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Only 41.4% (n=678) of women were satisfied with their working conditions during pregnancy, and only 38.5% (n=602) considered their working environment safe. The proportion of women who changed their clinical practice during pregnancy and who took sick leave to avoid potentially harmful working conditions increased over time (P<0.001 for both). Men had children more often during residency than women (P<0.001). Pregnant colleagues' safety concerns influenced clinical practice, with women and men who had experience with their own and partner's pregnancy being more likely to modify their practices. Work and training demands discouraged plans to have children, particularly among women, leading to consideration of leaving training. Awareness of national regulations was limited, and respondents highlighted a need for better support and flexible working conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Improved support and working environments for pregnant colleagues and ability to express preferred clinical areas for work are needed. Department heads should commit to safety and family friendliness, and men transitioning to parenthood should not be neglected.

• MeSH
• anesteziologové * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu MeSH
• pracoviště psychologie   MeSH
• pracovní podmínky MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Cíl: Představit naši současnou techniku mini málně invazivní nefropexe. Řídíme se daty vychá- zejícími z klinických studií nižší kvality doporučujících laparoskopickou techniku sutury ledvinného pouzdra na konvexitě ledviny. Materiál, metody: Indikací k operaci jsou symptomatické pacientky s prokázanou nefroptózou při radiologických vyšetřeních (hlavně IVU). Od 12/2004 do 4/2024 byla provedena nefropexe u 37 žen. U 34 na pravé straně, dvakrát na obou stranách a jednou na levé. Prvních 34 bylo laparoskopických a poslední 3 asistované robotem. Již dříve jsme publikovali laparoskopický postup včetně sledování a hodnocení účinnosti metody. Pravostranná laparoskopická nefropexe byla dvakrát kombinována s resekční pyeloplastikou. Laparoskopická technika: Poloha na boku, ev. močový katétr. Pneumoperitoneum je vytvořeno Veresovou jehlou, tlak CO2 12 mm Hg. Desetimilimetrový port pro kameru přes pupek a další dva pracovní porty (5 a 3 mm). V Toldtově linii se otevírá pobřišnice. Uvolní se laterální část ledviny a přilehlá břišní stěna. Ledvina je fixována k břišnímu transverzálnímu svalu třemi nebo čtyřmi samostatnými otáčkami dlouhodobě vstřebatelným/nevstřebatelným samokotvovacím ostnatým stehem (V-Loc® 180 nebo nevstřebatelný, velikost 2-0, jehla 1/2 26 mm). V prvních 15 případech byly použity tři jednotlivé nevstřebatelné ProlenTM stehy. Peritoneální defekt se uzavře pokračujícím ostnatým vstřebatelným stehem V-Loc® 90. Stehy se zavedou přes trokar 10 mm a extrahují stejným způsobem nebo ihned přes břišní stěnu s předchozím narovnáním jehly. Není použit drén. Pacientka je tři dny v klidu na lůžku. Doporučujeme vyhýbat se skákání, jízdě na koni atd. po dobu dvou měsíců. Roboticky asistovaná technika je podobná: Systém daVinci Xi, tři ramena v poloze V (kamera 30° v pupku), porty 8 mm – nůžky/jehelec, bipolární graper Maryland. Výsledky: Laparoskopická skupina: Průměrný věk 36,9 ± 13,9 (20,0 až 65,1) let. Průměrný BMI 22,3 ± 2,8 (17,3 až 27,9). Průměrná doba operace na jedné straně výkonu 59,2 ± 17,0 (35 až 100), oboustranných výkonů (včetně rotace pacienta) 155 a 150 minut. Všechny výkony byly bez krevních ztrát a předoperačních a pooperačních komplikací. V letech 2022–2024 byly provedeny 3 roboticky asistované nefropexe u žen. Věk 47, 48 a 34 let, BMI 20, 21 a 23, doba operace 32, 31 a 36 min. Závěr: Laparoskopická/roboticky asistovaná transperitoneální nefropexe s fixací konvexity ledviny pokračujícím samokotvícím ostnatým stehem je standardem chirurgické léčby nefroptózy na našem pracovišti. Doporučuje se pečlivá disekce a pečlivé uvolnění břišní stěny umožňující bezpečné sešití bez poškození nervů břišní stěny. Robotická varianta se zdá být jednodušší (zejména šití) a rychlejší. Vzhledem k relativní vzácnosti takové operace budou dlouhodobé výsledky u větší skupiny pacientů dosažitelné pouze v multicentrické studii.

To present our contemporary technique of minimally invasive nephropexy. We follow data based on clinical studies of lower quality recommending the laparoscopic technique of suturing of a renal capsule at the convexity of kidney. Material, methods: Indications for surgery are symptomatic patients with proven nephroptosis on radiological examinations (mainly IVU). From 12/2004 until 4/2024, nephropexy was performed on 37 women. In 34 on the right side, two times on both sides and once on the left. The first 34 were laparoscopic and the last 3 robot-assisted. We have previously published the laparoscopic procedure, including monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the method. The right side laparoscopic nephropexy was twice combined with dismembered pyeloplasty. The laparoscopic technique: Flank position, eventually urinary catheter. Pneumoperitoneum is created with a Veres needle, the pressure of CO2 12 mm Hg. Ten mm port for the camera through the umbilicus and further two working ports (5 and 3 mm). The peritoneum is opened in Toldt's line. The lateral part of the kidney and the adjacent abdominal wall are cleaned. The kidney is fixed to the abdominal transversal muscle with three or four separate revolutions with long--term absorbable/non-absorbable self-anchoring barbed stitch (V-Loc® 180 or Non-absorbable, size 2-0, needle 1/2 26 mm). In the first 15 cases, three non-absorbable stitches ProlenTM were used. The peritoneal defect is closed with a running barbed absorbable suture V-Loc® 90. The stitches are introduced through the trocar 10 mm and extracted in the same way or immediately through the abdominal wall with the previous straightening of the needle. No drain is placed. The patient is on bed rest for three days. We recommend avoiding jumping, horse-riding etc. for two months. The robot-assisted technique is similar: System daVinci Xi, three arms in V position (camera 30° in umbilicus), ports 8 mm - scissors/needle driver, bipolar grasper Maryland. Results: Laparoscopic group: Mean age 36.9 ± 13.9 (20.0 to 65.1) years. Mean BMI 22.3 ± 2.8 (17.3 to 27.9). The mean time of operation on one side procedure 59.2 ± 17.0 (35 to 100), bilateral procedures (including rotation of patient) 155 and 150 minutes. All procedures were without blood loss and peroperative and postoperative complications. In 2022-4, 3 robot-assisted nephropexis in women were performed. Age 47, 48 and 34 years, BMI 20, 21, and 23, time of surgery 32, 31, and 36 min. Conclusion: Laparoscopic /robot-assisted transperitoneal nephropexy with fixation of convexity of the kidney with running self-anchoring barbed stitch is the standard of surgical treatment of nephroptosis at our department. Meticulous dissection and careful liberation of the abdominal wall enabling safe suturing without damage to nerves of the abdominal wall is recommended. The robotic variant seems to be easier (especially suturing) and faster. Due to relatively rarity of such surgery, long term results in a bigger group of patients will be only achievable in a multicentre trial.

• Klíčová slova
• nefropexe, Nefroptóza,
• MeSH
• ledviny * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• roboticky asistované výkony * metody   MeSH
• šicí techniky MeSH
• urologické chirurgické výkony metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Many species of slugs are considered serious pests in agriculture and horticulture around the world. In Europe, slugs of the genera Arion and Deroceras are the most harmful pests in agriculture. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the whole-cell metabolites of 10 strains of five Xenorhabdus and three slug-parasitic nematodes (Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, Phasmarhabditis bohemica, and Phasmarhabditis apuliae) on the feeding behaviour and repellent effect on target slugs and evaluate a new possible means of biocontrol of these pests. The repellent and anti-feedant effects of nematode-killed insects, metabolites, slug-parasitic nematodes and a combination of metabolites and nematodes were studied through experimental designs: sand-filled plastic boxes divided into two parts in several modifications: with dead Galleria mellonella killed by nematodes, lettuce treated with bacterial metabolites and lettuce placed on the treated sand. We found that slugs avoid eating G. mellonella killed by nematodes, while they eat freeze-killed G. mellonella. Similarly, they avoid the consumption of lettuce in areas treated with bacterial metabolites (the most effective strains being Xenorhabus bovienii NFUST, Xenorhabdus kozodoii SLOV and JEGOR) with zero feeding in the treated side. All three Phasmarhabditis species also provided a significant anti-feedant/repellent effect. Our study is the first to show the repellent and anti-feedant effects of metabolites of Xenorhabdus bacteria against Arion vulgaris, and the results suggest that these substances have great potential for biocontrol. Our study is also the first to demonstrate the repellent effect of P. apuliae and P. bohemica. KEY POINTS: • Slugs avoid eating G. mellonella killed by entomopathogenic nematodes. • Bacterial metabolites have a strong repellent and antifeedant effect on slugs. • Presence of slug parasitic nematodes increases the repellent effect of metabolites.

• MeSH
• Bacteria MeSH
• hlístice * MeSH
• písek MeSH
• salát (hlávkový) MeSH
• Xenorhabdus * MeSH
• zemědělství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Tento přehledový článek nabízí souhrn nejdůležitějších nově publikovaných poznatků v oblasti kardiovaskulární problematiky v akutních stavech publikovaných v roce 2023. Zároveň se snažíme zasadit tyto nové poznatky do kontextu předchozích znalostí, abychom se vyhnuli zbytečnému efektu kyvadla. Tato publikace si tedy neklade za cíl změnit náš každodenní přístup, ale nabídnout čtenářům přehled zaznamenání hodných informací, které mohou být v rámci další péče zvažovány.

This review article offers a summary of the most essential newly published findings in the field of cardiovascular issues in acute conditions published in 2023. At the same time, we try to place these new findings in the context of previous knowledge to avoid an unnecessary pendulum effect. This publication does not intend to alter our daily approach; instead, it provides readers with an overview of noteworthy information that could contribute to future care considerations.

• MeSH
• kardiogenní šok MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu * MeSH
• šok terapie   MeSH
• srdeční zástava * MeSH
• tekutinová terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) is a somatosensory nerve coursing in the lateral portion of the forearm. The nerve is located in a close proximity to the cephalic vein (CV) all along its course with a danger of being injured during venipuncture. The LACN also overlaps and communicates with the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) in the distal forearm and hand, making the awareness of their relationship of great importance in the treatment of neuroma. The aim of the study was to observe the relationship of the LACN to surrounding structures as well as its branching pattern and distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-three cadaveric forearms embalmed in formaldehyde were dissected. The relationship of the LACN to surrounding structures was noted and photographed, and distances between the structures were measured with a digital caliper. The cross-sectional relationships of the LACN and SBRN to the CV were described using heatmaps. RESULTS: The emerging point of the LACN was found distally, proximally or at the level of the interepicondylar line (IEL). The LACN branched in 76 cases (81.7 %) into an anterior and posterior branch at mean distance of 47.8 ± 34.2 mm distal to the IEL. The sensory distribution was described according to the relationship of the LACN branches to the medial border of the brachioradialis muscle. The LACN supplying the dorsum of the hand was observed in 39.8 % of cases. The LACN and the SBRN intersected in 86 % of upper limbs with communications noticed in 71 % of forearms. The LACN was stated as the most frequent donor of the communicating branch resulting in neuroma located distal to the communication and being fed from the LACN. The relationship of the LACN and the CV showed that the IEL is the most appropriate place for the venipuncture due to maximal calibers of the CV and deep position of the LACN. The LACN was adjacent to the cubital perforating vein and the radial artery in all cases. The medial border of the brachioradialis muscle was observed less than 1.8 mm from the LACN. CONCLUSION: The study provides morphological data on the LACN distribution, branching pattern and relationship to surrounding structures in a context of clinical use in different spheres of medicine. The branching pattern of the LACN appears to be more constant compared to data provided by previous authors. We emphasized the meaning of cross-sectional relationship of the LACN to the CV to avoid venipuncture outside the cubital fossa if possible. The posterior branch of the LACN was predicted as appropriate donor of the graft for a digital nerve. The LACN appeared to be in a close proximity within the whole length of the brachioradialis muscle what the orthopedic surgeons must be concerned of. The meaning of the donor-nerve of the communicating branch in neuroma treatment was also introduced.

• MeSH
• arteria radialis MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mrtvola MeSH
• nervus radialis anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• neurom * MeSH
• předloktí * inervace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of online monitoring of irradiation time (IRT) and scan time for FLASH proton radiotherapy using a pixelated semiconductor detector.Approach. Measurements of the time structure of FLASH irradiations were performed using fast, pixelated spectral detectors based on the Timepix3 (TPX3) chips with two architectures: AdvaPIX-TPX3 and Minipix-TPX3. The latter has a fraction of its sensor coated with a material to increase sensitivity to neutrons. With little or no dead time and an ability to resolve events that are closely spaced in time (tens of nanoseconds), both detectors can accurately determine IRTs as long as pulse pile-up is avoided. To avoid pulse pile-up, the detectors were placed well beyond the Bragg peak or at a large scattering angle. Prompt gamma rays and secondary neutrons were registered in the detectors' sensors and IRTs were calculated based on timestamps of the first charge carriers (beam-on) and the last charge carriers (beam-off). In addition, scan times inx,y, and diagonal directions were measured. The experiment was carried out for various setups: (i) a single spot, (ii) a small animal field, (iii) a patient field, and (iv) an experiment using an anthropomorphic phantom to demonstratein vivoonline monitoring of IRT. All measurements were compared to vendor log files.Main results. Differences between measurements and log files for a single spot, a small animal field, and a patient field were within 1%, 0.3% and 1%, respectively.In vivomonitoring of IRTs (95-270 ms) was accurate within 0.1% for AdvaPIX-TPX3 and within 6.1% for Minipix-TPX3. The scan times inx,y, and diagonal directions were 4.0, 3.4, and 4.0 ms, respectively.Significance. Overall, the AdvaPIX-TPX3 can measure FLASH IRTs within 1% accuracy, indicating that prompt gamma rays are a good surrogate for primary protons. The Minipix-TPX3 showed a somewhat higher discrepancy, likely due to the late arrival of thermal neutrons to the detector sensor and lower readout speed. The scan times (3.4 ± 0.05 ms) in the 60 mm distance ofy-direction were slightly less than (4.0 ± 0.06 ms) in the 24 mm distance ofx-direction, confirming the much faster scanning speed of the Y magnets than that of X. Diagonal scan speed was limited by the slower X magnets.

• MeSH
• neutrony MeSH
• protonová terapie * metody   MeSH
• protony MeSH
• radiometrie * metody   MeSH
• záření gama MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH