• MeSH
• elektroforéza MeSH
• iontoměniče MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
• proteasy MeSH
• Serratia marcescens enzymologie   metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH

• MeSH
• Escherichia coli izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• mikrobiologické techniky MeSH

• MeSH
• alergeny MeSH
• nemoci dýchací soustavy MeSH
• nemocnice speciální MeSH
• prach analýza   MeSH
• roztoči patogenita   MeSH

A taxonomic division of the family Bovidae (Artiodactyla) is difficult and the evolutionary relationships among most bovid subfamilies remain uncertain. In this study, we isolated the cattle satellite I clone BTREP15 (1.715 satellite DNA family) and autosomal centromeric DNAs of members of ten bovid tribes. We wished to determine whether the analysis of fluorescence in situ hybridization patterns of the cattle satellite I clone (BTREP15) and tribe-specific centromeric repeats isolated by laser microdissection would help to reveal some of the ambiguities occurring in the systematic classification of the family Bovidae. The FISH study of the presence and distribution of the cattle satellite I clone BTREP15 (1.715 satellite DNA family) within members of ten bovid tribes was not informative. FISH analysis of autosomal centromeric DNA probes in several species within one tribe revealed similar hybridization patterns in autosomes confirming tribal homogeneity of these probes. Sex chromosomes showed considerable variation in sequence composition and arrangement not only between tribes but also between species of one tribe. According to our findings it seems that Oreotragus oreotragus developed its own specific satellite DNA which does not hybridize to any other bovid species analysed. Our results suggest O. oreotragus as well as Aepyceros melampus may be unique species not particularly closely related to any of the recognized bovid tribes. This study indicates the isolation of tribe-specific centromeric DNAs by laser microdissection and cloning the sequence representing the main motif of these repetitive DNAs could offer the perspectives for comparative phylogenetic studies.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• centromera chemie   genetika   MeSH
• DNA sondy MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• laserová záchytná mikrodisekce MeSH
• přežvýkavci klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• satelitní DNA genetika   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• Enterobacteriaceae izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• enterobakteriální infekce diagnóza   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• vojenské lékařství MeSH

Satellite sequences present in the centromeric and pericentric regions of chromosomes represent useful source of information. Changes in satellite DNA composition may coincide with the speciation and serve as valuable markers of phylogenetic relationships. Here, we examined satellite DNA clones isolated by laser microdissection of centromeric regions of 38 bovid species and categorized them into three types. Sat I sequences from members of Bovini/Tragelaphini/Boselaphini are similar to the well-documented 1.715 sat I DNA family. Sat I DNA from Caprini/Alcelaphini/Hippotragini/Reduncini/Aepycerotini/Cephalophini/Antilopini/Neotragini/Oreotragini form the second group homologous to the common 1.714 sat I DNA. The analysis of sat II DNAs isolated in our study confirmed conservativeness of these sequences within Bovidae. Newly described centromeric clones from Madoqua kirkii and Strepsiceros strepsiceros were similar in length and repetitive tandem arrangement but showed no similarity to any other satellite DNA in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis of sat I sequences isolated in our study from 38 bovid species enabled the description of relationships at the subfamily and tribal levels. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses showed a basal position of sequences from Oreotragini in the subfamily Antilopinae. According to the Bayesian inference analysis based on the indels in a partitioned mixed model, Antilopinae satellite DNA split into two groups with those from Neotragini as a basal tribe, followed by a stepwise, successive branching of Cephalophini, Aepycerotini and Antilopini sequences. In the second group, Reduncini sequences were basal followed by Caprini, Alcelaphini and Hippotragini.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• hospodářská zvířata MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• repetitivní sekvence nukleových kyselin genetika   MeSH
• satelitní DNA genetika   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• sekvenční homologie nukleových kyselin MeSH
• skot genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Sex chromosome replacement is frequent in many vertebrate clades, including fish, frogs, and lizards. In order to understand the mechanisms responsible for sex chromosome turnover and the early stages of sex chromosome divergence, it is necessary to study lineages with recently evolved sex chromosomes. Here we examine sex chromosome evolution in a group of African cichlid fishes (tribe Tropheini) which began to diverge from one another less than 4 MYA. We have evidence for a previously unknown sex chromosome system, and preliminary indications of several additional systems not previously reported in this group. We find a high frequency of sex chromosome turnover and estimate a minimum of 14 turnovers in this tribe. We date the origin of the most common sex determining system in this tribe (XY-LG5/19) near the base of one of two major sub-clades of this tribe, about 3.4 MY ago. Finally, we observe variation in the size of one sex-determining region that suggests independent evolution of evolutionary strata in species with a shared sex-determination system. Our results illuminate the rapid rate of sex chromosome turnover in the tribe Tropheini and set the stage for further studies of the dynamics of sex chromosome evolution in this group.

• MeSH
• cichlidy * genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• jezera MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA genetika   MeSH
• molekulární evoluce MeSH
• pohlavní chromozomy genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Tanzanie MeSH

An annotated catalogue of the tribe Dimini (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) is presented. Altogether, 273 extant species are classified in 11 genera: Brancuccia Schimmel Platia, 1991 (eight species), Csikia Szombathy, 1910 (eight spp.), Dima Charpentier, 1825 (77 spp.), Neocsikia Ôhira Becker, 1972 (two spp.), Neodima Schimmel Platia, 1992a (two spp.), Paracsikia Schimmel Platia, 1991 (seven spp.), Parapenia Suzuki, 1982b (14 spp.), Penia Laporte, 1838 (108 spp.), Platiana Schimmel, 1993 (34 spp.), Pseudocsikia Schimmel Platia, 1991 (10 spp.), and Sabahdima Schimmel Platia, 1993 (three spp.). The only fossil genus included in this tribe is monotypic Alaodima Dolin, 1980. Dimini are distributed in the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. For each taxon we provide synonyms, information on types, type localities, distribution, and bibliography. The lectotype of Penia apicalis Fleutiaux, 1936 is here designated in order to fix the identity of the species for future studies. Penia impressifrons Schimmel, 1993 from Vietnam is synonymized with Ceroleptus sulcatus (Fleutiaux, 1903), a representative of Elateridae: Oxynopterinae.

• MeSH
• brouci * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• populační skupiny MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• zkameněliny MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Vietnam MeSH

An annotated catalogue of the tribe Senodoniini (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) is presented. Altogether, 21 extant species are classified in genera Senodonia Laporte, 1838 (20 species) and Sossor Candèze, 1883 (one species). Genus Parallotrius Candèze, 1878 is placed into Dendrometrinae incertae sedis, and Allotriopsis Champion, 1896 is tentatively transferred to Elaterinae: Dicrepidiini. Senodonia bicoloris Vats Chauhan, 1993 is transferred to Arhaphes Candèze, 1860 (Elateridae: Negastriinae) as A. bicoloris (Vats Chauhan, 1993) comb. nov. Senodoniini are distributed in the Himalayas, China and South East Asia. For each taxon we provide synonyms, information on types, type localities, distribution, and bibliography. Additionally, a list of genera earlier classified in Senodoniini but currently placed outside the group is given.

• MeSH
• brouci * MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH
• jihovýchodní Asie MeSH