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- MeSH
- akrolein analogy a deriváty farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chemické bojové látky * farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chloracetáty chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dráždivé látky * dějiny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- fosgen analogy a deriváty farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sloučeniny bromu chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- slzné plyny chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The subjects of this article are cyclic alcohols with hydroxyl group bound directly to one carbon of the three- up to six-membered ring. They are thus predominantly secondary alcohols. These are substances frequently used as synthons in organic synthesis and many of them are important raw materials of chemical industry, such as cyclohexanol. Some cyclic alcohols were also found in nature, the bulk of them belong to the category of monoterpene substances. Many of them have biological activity, which is also discussed in this article.
- MeSH
- alkoholy * chemie klasifikace MeSH
- bornany chemie MeSH
- cyklobutany klasifikace MeSH
- cyklohexany chemie MeSH
- ethery cyklické * chemie klasifikace MeSH
- inositol analogy a deriváty chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- menthol chemie MeSH
- monoterpeny chemie MeSH
- pojmy organické chemie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The objective of the experiment was to verify that HI-6 dimethanesulphonate (HI-6 DMS) is able to penetrate the skin in amounts sufficient to protect against organophosphate poisoning using a rat model. HI-6 2Cl is a major component of Transant, a transdermal patch, used as a protective agent against organophosphate intoxication in the Czech and Slovak armies, although there is little evidence that HI-6 would penetrate the skin in sufficient amounts. HI-6 DMS at a total amount of 127 mg or 635 mg was applied as a buffer solution on the Transant patch which was fixed on the back of the rat. Two, seven or twenty-four hours later, rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected to determine the levels of HI-6 in plasma by HPLC on reversed phase with isocratic elution and UV/VIS detection. HI-6 was not detectable in plasma samples of animals exposed to 127 mg of HI-6 DMS. The highest levels of HI-6 (20.6 ± 18.8 ng/ml) were found in plasma of animals exposed to 635 mg of HI-6 DMS 2 hours after patch application, whereas after 7 or 24 hours the levels were very low. Based on these results, the ability of HI-6 DMS to penetrate the skin is discussed and some possibilities of improving the transdermal penetration are suggested.
- MeSH
- acetylcholinesterasa škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- aplikace kožní MeSH
- chemické bojové látky * toxicita MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory terapeutické užití MeSH
- experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- otrava organofosfáty * farmakoterapie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- reaktivátory cholinesterázy * terapeutické užití MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to inform about different techniques used to improve treatment of nerve agents intoxication at the Department of Toxicology. METHODS: Different methods are briefly mentioned and their importance for development of more effective reactivators is discussed. RESULTS: Basic characterization of nerve agents and therapeutic drugs is necessary after literature survey. Usage of different techniques and properties of various reactivators are studied and, on this basis, the most effective ones are tested in details and proposed for practical use. CONCLUSIONS: The results described in this study clearly demonstrate that for the development of new and more effective cholinesterase reactivators, a complex approach using different methodical attitudes is necessary.
- MeSH
- acetylcholinesterasa škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- biochemie metody MeSH
- chemické bojové látky otrava MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
- histocytochemie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nervový systém účinky léků MeSH
- organofosforové sloučeniny toxicita MeSH
- otrava organofosfáty * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- reaktivátory cholinesterázy * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- výzkum * MeSH
- výzkumné techniky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Toxic alcohols that clinicians commonly encounter are ethylene glycol, methanol, and isopropanol. Adults ingest these either for suicidal intent or to achieve inebriation, since these substances are readily available and cheaper than alcohol. Nevertheless, assorted alcohols are used very often in many applications and any alcohol can be toxic if ingested in large enough quantities. Toxic alcohols discussed here include all saturated aliphatic alcohols containing from 1 to 6 carbons in their molecules.
- Klíčová slova
- isobutanol, sec-butanol, 2-ethylhexanol,
- MeSH
- 1-propanol otrava toxicita MeSH
- 2-propanol otrava toxicita MeSH
- alkoholismus MeSH
- alkoholy * klasifikace otrava toxicita MeSH
- butanoly otrava toxicita MeSH
- ethanol metabolismus otrava toxicita MeSH
- hexanoly otrava toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methanol metabolismus otrava toxicita MeSH
- n-butanol otrava toxicita MeSH
- otrava alkoholem * etiologie metabolismus MeSH
- pentanoly otrava toxicita MeSH
- pití alkoholu metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- terc-butanol otrava toxicita MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- alkaloidy izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- aminokyseliny cyklické izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- aminokyseliny farmakologie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- antibakteriální látky izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Bacteria MeSH
- farmakologické účinky MeSH
- houby MeSH
- isomerasy aminokyselin farmakologie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny karboxylové farmakologie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- peptidy farmakologie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- rostliny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
A recent epidemiological study in Germany, the so-called KiKK study, came to the conclusion that there was a relationship between a child's risk of contracting leukaemia in the first 5 years of life and the distance of its residence from the nearest nuclear power plant. The risk of children inside a 5 km radius was found to be 2.19 times that of children outside, with a lower 95% confidence limit of 1.51. The study seems to be epidemiologically sound and solid, and its results agree with earlier evidence about childhood leukaemia in the vicinity of nuclear installations. It does not show, however, nor does it at all claim to show, that the phenomenon was due to radiation exposure. The measured doses in the area around German nuclear power plants are at least a factor 1000 smaller than what would be needed to explain the number of leukaemia cases observed. Additional evidence suggests that the main effect was a shift of the age distribution towards younger ages, with the overall incidence for all age groups not affected, which would be rather unexpected as a radiation effect. Still other studies have shown that elevated risks can even be observed around so-called "planning sites", where no nuclear facility has ever been built. It thus seems justified to speak of "missing links" between the elevated risk of childhood leukaemia around nuclear power plants on the one hand, and the radiation exposure caused by their normal operation on the other.
- Klíčová slova
- KiKK, radiation, risk, leukaemia, health,
- MeSH
- epidemiologická měření MeSH
- epidemiologické studie MeSH
- hygiena záření MeSH
- jaderné elektrárny normy MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
- monitorování radiace metody normy MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- radiační leukemie diagnóza MeSH
- radiační poranění MeSH
- radiační účinky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- těhotenství účinky záření MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- těhotenství účinky záření MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- antioxidancia terapeutické užití MeSH
- apoptóza účinky záření MeSH
- bifenylové sloučeniny terapeutické užití MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum metody MeSH
- farmakologické účinky MeSH
- fenylethery terapeutické užití MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- fytoterapie metody využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lignany terapeutické užití MeSH
- Magnolia genetika účinky léků MeSH
- nádory farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- trankvilizéry terapeutické užití MeSH
- zánět farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
