Alcohol has been implicated in the high mortality in Central and Eastern Europe but the magnitude of its effect, and whether it is due to regular high intake or episodic binge drinking remain unclear. The aim of this paper was to estimate the contribution of alcohol to mortality in four Central and Eastern European countries. We used data from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe is a prospective multi-centre cohort study in Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland), Kaunas (Lithuania) and six Czech towns. Random population samples of 34,304 men and women aged 45-69 years in 2002-2005 were followed up for a median 7 years. Drinking volume, frequency and pattern were estimated from the graduated frequency questionnaire. Deaths were ascertained using mortality registers. In 230,246 person-years of follow-up, 2895 participants died from all causes, 1222 from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 672 from coronary heart disease (CHD) and 489 from pre-defined alcohol-related causes (ARD). In fully-adjusted models, abstainers had 30-50% increased mortality risk compared to light-to-moderate drinkers. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) in men drinking on average ≥60 g of ethanol/day (3% of men) were 1.23 (95% CI 0.95-1.59) for all-cause, 1.38 (0.95-2.02) for CVD, 1.64 (1.02-2.64) for CHD and 2.03 (1.28-3.23) for ARD mortality. Corresponding HRs in women drinking on average ≥20 g/day (2% of women) were 1.92 (1.25-2.93), 1.74 (0.76-3.99), 1.39 (0.34-5.76) and 3.00 (1.26-7.10). Binge drinking increased ARD mortality in men only. Mortality was associated with high average alcohol intake but not binge drinking, except for ARD in men.
- MeSH
- alkoholismus komplikace mortalita MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci etiologie mortalita MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nárazové pití alkoholu komplikace mortalita MeSH
- otrava alkoholem komplikace mortalita MeSH
- pití alkoholu škodlivé účinky mortalita MeSH
- příčina smrti * MeSH
- proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- východní Evropa MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To assess differences in cognitive functions by year of birth in Russia and the Czech Republic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study in the general population of Novosibirsk (Russia) and 6 cities of the Czech Republic recruited random samples of men and women (3,874 Russians, 3,626 Czechs) aged 45-69 years in 2002 (i.e. born in 1933-1957). Word recall, verbal fluency (number of animals named in 1 min) and letter search were assessed in a clinic. RESULTS: Except letter search in men, we found similar levels of cognitive functioning in Russians and Czechs in the youngest subjects and a steeper association of functioning with year of birth in Russia than in the Czech Republic. For example, the difference in the mean word recall, associated with 10 years difference in year of birth, was 0.9 (SE 0.06) words in Russian men, compared to 0.4 (0.06) words in Czech men; in women, these figures were 0.8 (0.05) and 0.3 (0.05), respectively. For all outcomes, except letter search in men, the interactions between year of birth and country were statistically highly significant, and the differences in the year of birth effects between countries were largely unexplained by socioeconomic indicators and risk factors. CONCLUSION: The slope of association between lower cognitive functioning and earlier year of birth is much steeper in Russia than in the Czech Republic. Given that poor cognitive functioning is a risk factor for dementia, long-term follow-up of this cohort and other studies into population rates of cognitive impairment in Russia should be a priority.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- kognice * fyziologie MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy epidemiologie etiologie psychologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pití alkoholu škodlivé účinky epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- psychologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zdravotní stav MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Rusko MeSH
BACKGROUND: Relatively little is known about depression in countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union, especially Russia. AIMS: To investigate the rates and distribution of depressive symptoms in urban population samples in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected men and women aged 45-64 years (n=2151 in total, response rate 69%) in Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland) and Karvina (Czech Republic). The point prevalence of depressive symptoms in the past week was defined as a score of at least 16 on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. RESULTS: In men the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 23% in Russia, 21% in Poland and 19% in the Czech Republic; in women the rates were 44%, 40% and 34% respectively. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with material deprivation, being unmarried and binge drinking. The association between education and depression was inverse in Poland and the Czech Republic but positive in Russia. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in these eastern European urban populations was relatively high; as in other countries, it was associated with alcohol and several sociodemographic factors.
- MeSH
- depresivní poruchy epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pití alkoholu epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- zdraví ve městech statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
- Rusko MeSH
BACKGROUND: Data on the health status of the Roma people in Central and Eastern Europe are sparse and the reasons for their poor health are not clear. The objective of this study was to quantify the differences in birth outcomes between Roma and non-Roma mothers in the Czech Republic and to investigate the potential causes of such differences. METHOD: A population-based study recruited 8938 non-Roma and 1388 Roma hospitalised singleton births that occurred in two Czech districts (Teplice and Prachatice) between 1995 and 2004. During their stay in hospital, mothers completed a questionnaire on their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and maternal smoking and alcohol consumption. Data on maternal height and weight and on infants' birth weight and gestational age were taken from hospital records. RESULTS: Birth weight and gestational age of Roma infants was 373 (SE 15) g and 0.92 (0.05) weeks, respectively, lower than in non-Roma infants. Controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and behavioural factors reduced these differences to 133 (18) g and 0.57 (0.06) weeks, respectively (all p-values < 0.001). In terms of binary outcomes, the Roma vs. non-Roma odds ratios were 4.5 (95% CI 3.7-5.4) for low birth weight (< 2500 g), 2.8 (2.2-3.4) for preterm birth (< 37 weeks of gestation), and 2.9 (2.5-3.4) for intrauterine grown retardation (<10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age); controlling for all covariates reduced these odds ratios to 1.7 (1.3-2.2), 1.5 (1.1-2.0) and 1.3 (1.0-1.6), respectively. Maternal education made the largest contribution to the ethnic differences; the role of health behaviours was relatively modest. CONCLUSION: There are striking differences in birth outcomes between Roma and non-Roma mothers. The causes of these differences are complex but largely socioeconomic.
- MeSH
- běloši statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gestační stáří MeSH
- hospitalizace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- multivariační analýza MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- odds ratio MeSH
- porodní hmotnost MeSH
- regresní analýza MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Romové statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- stupeň vzdělání MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- věk matky MeSH
- výsledek těhotenství etnologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- hypertenze diagnóza epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza krev MeSH
- homocystein MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie mortalita patologie MeSH
- karotenoidy MeSH
- ovoce MeSH
- zelenina MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hustota populace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- náboženství MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- stupeň vzdělání MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
