Autoinflamatorní onemocnění (autoinflammatory diseases, AID) tvoří skupinu vzácných zánětlivých nemocí, způsobených poruchou regulace mechanismů nespecifické imunity. Bez zjevné příčiny při nich dochází ke spontánním celkovým a/nebo lokálním projevům zánětlivé aktivity. Mezi typická autoinflamatorní onemocnění řadíme syndromy periodických horeček. Patří sem u nás nejčastěji se vyskytující periodická horečka asociovaná s aftózní stomatitidou, zánětem hltanu a mízních uzlin (syndrom PFAPA), u níž je příčina multifaktoriální a genetický podklad zatím nebyl definován, ale také klasické monogenní horečky, například syndrom hyper IgD nebo familiární středozemní horečka, s již objasněnými genetickými mutacemi. Podezření na geneticky vázané horečky vzniká při rodinném výskytu febrilních epizod, začátku potíží již v raném věku, ale také při opakujících se přidružených příznacích, například kožních, očních či kloubních. Hlavním rizikem neléčených monogenních periodických horeček je rozvoj sekundární amyloidózy. Vzniku orgánového poškození včetně ledvinného selhání může zabránit včasná protizánětlivá léčba.
Autoinflammatory diseases (AID) are a group of rare inflammatory diseases caused by the dysregulation of nonspecific immunity mechanisms. In the absence of an obvious cause, they result in spontaneous general and/or local manifestations of inflammatory activity. Typical autoinflammatory diseases include periodic fever syndromes. These include in our country prevailing periodic fever associated with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and lymph node inflammation (PFAPA syndrome), in which the cause is multifactorial and the genetic cause has not yet been defined, as well as classic monogenic fevers, such as Hyper-IgD syndrome or Familial Mediterranean fever, with genetic mutations already known. Genetically linked fevers are suspected when there is a family history of febrile episodes, the onset of problems at an early age, but also when there are recurrent associated symptoms, such as skin, eye or joint symptoms. The main risk of untreated monogenic periodic fevers is the development of secondary amyloidosis. Early anti-inflammatory treatment can prevent the development of organ damage, including renal failure.
A quarantine organism, "Candidatus Phytoplasma mali," is the causal agent of apple proliferation, one of the most important apple diseases in Europe. The genetic diversity of this pathogen in Central and Southern Europe has already been reported; however, almost no data exists from Eastern Europe. In this study, "Ca. P. mali" strains, which were identified in 14 apple trees from the Bulgarian germplasm collection, were characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analysis of four genomic loci. In total, nine distinct genetic lineages were recognized based on the combination of the following detected RFLP profiles: two profiles for the 16S-23S rDNA region (16SrX-A2, -A3), four profiles for the secY gene (one previously known: secY(X)-A, and three new: secY-C, secY-D, secY-E), three profiles for the rpl22-rps3 genes (rpX-A, rpX-B, rpX-F), and one profile for the nitroreductase- and rhodanese-like gene (AT-1). Phylogenetic analysis of the Bulgarian and other European "Ca. P. mali" strains based on 16S-23S rRNA gene sequences confirmed RFLP grouping, regardless of the phytoplasma origin. In a phylogenetic tree based on the secY data, only German strains formed separate clade from the other strains. The tree based on rp genes did not correspond to RFLP profiles. Unexpectedly, when using nitroreductase and rhodanese-like gene sequences, the Bulgarian strains clustered separately from the other European strains. Apart from the identification of different "Ca. P. mali" strains, the paper also recommends the unification of the rpX-subgroup nomenclature to avoid future confusions. Both aims of this paper provide valuable tools to understand the epidemiology of this quarantine pathogen.
- MeSH
- bakteriální geny MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- genetická variace * MeSH
- genom bakteriální MeSH
- Malus mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- Phytoplasma klasifikace MeSH
- polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
- proliferace buněk MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 23S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- semenná banka MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Bulharsko MeSH
Virus diseases of strawberry present several complex problems. More than 25 viruses have been described in the genus Fragaria thus far. Here, we describe a novel rhabdovirus, tentatively named strawberry virus 1 (StrV-1), that infects F.ananassa and F.vesca plants. Genomic sequences of three distinct StrV-1 genotypes co-infecting a single F.ananassa host were obtained using combined Illumina and Ion Proton high-throughput sequencing. StrV-1 was transmitted to herbaceous plants via Aphisfabae and A.ruborum, further mechanically transmitted to Nicotianaoccidentalis 37B and sub-inoculated to N.benthamiana, N.benthamiana DCL2/4i, N.occidentalis 37B, and Physalisfloridana plants. Irregular chlorotic sectors on leaf blades and the multiplication of calyx leaves seem to be the diagnostic symptoms for StrV-1 on indexed F.vesca clones. StrV-1 was detected in asymptomatic grafted plants and in 49 out of 159 field strawberry samples via RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The bacilliform shape of the virions, which have a cytoplasm-limited distribution, their size, and phylogenetic relationships support the assignment of StrV-1 to a distinct species of the genus Cytorhabdovirus. Acyrthosiphonmalvae, A.fabae, and A.ruborum were shown to transmit StrV-1 under experimental conditions.
- MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genom virový MeSH
- jahodník virologie MeSH
- listy rostlin virologie MeSH
- mšice fyziologie virologie MeSH
- nemoci rostlin parazitologie virologie MeSH
- Rhabdoviridae klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Long plantains (Plantago lanceolata L.) with symptoms resembling those associated with phytoplasma infection were observed repeatedly during the period 2000-2008 in southern Bohemia (Czech Republic). The symptoms of the plants were leaf yellowing, stunted growth, flower phyllody and lack of seed production. Transmission electron microscopy showed phytoplasmas in the sieve cells of affected plants but not in healthy ones. Association of phytoplasmas with the disease was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using phytoplasma-specific universal ribosomal primers R16F2n/R16R2. An amplification product of the expected size (1.2 kb) was observed in all samples of the symptomatic long plantains. The restriction profiles obtained from digestion of the PCR products with three endonucleases (AluI, HhaI, MseI) showed that the phytoplasmas infecting long plantains in the Czech Republic were indistinguishable from those belonging to the aster yellows group (subgroup 16SrI-B). Sequence analysis of 1748 bp of the ribosomal operon indicated that the closest related phytoplasma was that associated with 'Rehmannia glutinosa var. purpurea', originating also in Bohemia. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' in plants of P. lanceolata.
Testování antidiabetického a antioxidačního účinku flavonoidu osajinu v experimentu Záměrem pilotní studie bylo sledovat antidiabetický a antioxidační efekt osajinu u alloxanového diabetu v experimentu in vivo. Zvířata byla metodou náhodného výběru rozdělena do 2 skupin (n=7). Skupině léčené byl podáván osajin v dávce 10 mg/kg v 0,5% roztoku Avicelu perorálně 1× denně, skupině placebo byl podáván pouze roztok Avicelu. Poslední skupina byla intaktní (bez zákroku a bez medikace). U zvířat byly stanoveny vybrané laboratorní parametry (glukosa, urea a cholesterol v séru, ztráty glukosy a bílkovin močí), diuréza, antioxidační enzymy (superoxiddismutasa, glutathionperoxidasa), celková antioxidační kapacita a hladina malondialdehydu, a to na konci experimentu. Byly odebrány vzorky ledvinné tkáně a pankreatu pro histopatologické vyšetření. Byl zjištěn statisticky významný vzestup (p?0,05) katalytické aktivity glutathionparoxidasy a celkové antioxidační kapacity (p?0,01) u léčené skupiny ve srovnání se skupinou placebo. Dále byl zjištěn statisticky významný pokles hladiny malondialdehydu (p?0,01) u léčené skupiny ve srovnání se skupinou placebo. Superoxiddismutasa nevykázala signifikantní změny. Byl zjištěn statisticky vysoce významný pokles (p?0,01) diurézy, glykosurie a ztrát bílkovin močí u léčené skupiny ve srovnání se skupinou placebo. Hodnoty cholesterolu a urey vykázaly nesignifikantní změny. Výsledky biochemického vyšetření ukazují na antidiabetický a antioxidační efekt osajinu. Histopatologické nálezy s těmito výsledky korelují pouze částečně.
The antidiabetic and antioxidative effect of osajin was monitored under the conditions of alloxaninduced diabetes mellitus in an in vivo experiment. The animals were divided by random selection into 2 groups (n=7). The treated group was administered osajin in peroral doses of 10 mg/kg in Avicel, the placebo diabetic group was given only the solution of Avicel, and the last group was intact. Selected laboratory parameters (glucose, urea, cholesterol, antioxidative enzymes, total antioxidative capacity, malondialdehyde in serum, diuresis, total glucose and protein losses through urine) were determined in all animals. Kidney tissue and pancreas samples were taken for histopathological analysis. The findings included a statistically significant increase (p?0.05) in the glutathione peroxidase catalytic activity, total antioxidative capacity (p?0.01) and a statistically significant decrease (p?0.01) on malondialdehyde level in the treated group compared to the placebo group. A statistically highly significant decrease (p?0.01) in diuresis, glucose and protein losses through urine were identified in the treated group compared to the placebo group. The superoxide dismutase catalytic activity, urea and cholesterol levels involved non-significant changes. The results of biochemical examination show a protective antidiabetic and antioxidative effect of osajin. The results of histopathological examination correlate with them only partially.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- cholesterol metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- diabetes mellitus metabolismus terapie MeSH
- flavonoidy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- funkční testy pankreatu metody MeSH
- hypolipidemika chemie metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- potkani Wistar fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- vyšetření funkce ledvin metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Daphne shrubs with light green rings and mosaic on leaves contained flexuous filamentous virions (696 x 13 nm) and cylindrical inclusions typical of the subdivision III of Edwardson's classification for inclusions induced by members of the family Potyviridae. Decoration tests using antisera to 67 potyviruses revealed distant serological relations among chilli veinal mottle virus, Colombian datura virus, papaya ringspot virus, tobacco vein mottling virus and yam mosaic virus. The 3' terminal region of the virus genome was amplified by RT-PCR using primers specific for cloned and sequenced members of the family Potyviridae. The most similar sequences in the GenBank were those of isolates of wild potato mosaic virus (WPMV) and yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV), originating from Peru and Guadeloupe, respectively. The new sequence had 63.2% and 61.9% nucleotide identity to WPMV and YMMV in the coat protein gene. The results suggest that the Czech isolate from daphne should be regarded as a new member of the genus Potyvirus. The name daphne mosaic virus (DapMV) is suggested for this virus.
- MeSH
- Daphne virologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- genom virový MeSH
- listy rostlin virologie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- Potyvirus genetika klasifikace MeSH
- sekvenční homologie nukleových kyselin MeSH
- virové plášťové proteiny genetika MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
