Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of health care-associated infections. Additionally, over the decades, the spread of community-associated (CA-MRSA) clones has become a serious problem. The aim of this study was to gain data on the current epidemiology of MRSA in Slovakia. Between January 2020 and March 2020, single-patient MRSA isolates (invasive and/or colonizing) were collected in Slovakia from hospitalized inpatients (16 hospitals) or outpatients (77 cities). Isolates were characterized via antimicrobial susceptibility testing, spa typing, SCCmec typing, the detection of mecA/mecC, genes coding for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and the arcA gene (part of the arginine catabolic mobile element [ACME]). Out of 412 isolates, 167 and 245 originated from hospitalized patients and outpatients, respectively. Inpatients were most likely older (P < 0.001) and carried a strain exhibiting multiple resistance (P = 0.015). Isolates were frequently resistant to erythromycin (n = 320), clindamycin (n = 268), and ciprofloxacin/norfloxacin (n = 261). 55 isolates were resistant to oxacillin/cefoxitin only. By clonal structure, CC5-MRSA-II (n = 106; spa types t003, t014), CC22-MRSA-IV (n = 75; t032), and CC8-MRSA-IV (n = 65; t008) were the most frequent. We identified PVL in 72 isolates (17.48%; 17/412), with the majority belonging to CC8-MRSA-IV (n = 55; arcA+; t008, t622; the USA300 CA-MRSA clone) and CC5-MRSA-IV (n = 13; t311, t323). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the epidemiology of MRSA in Slovakia. The presence of the epidemic HA-MRSA clones CC5-MRSA-II and CC22-MRSA-IV was found, as was, importantly, the emergence of the global epidemic USA300 CA-MRSA clone. The extensive spread of USA300 among inpatients and outpatients across the Slovakian regions warrants further investigation. IMPORTANCE The epidemiology of MRSA is characterized by the rise and fall of epidemic clones. Understanding the spread, as well as the evolution of successful MRSA clones, depends on the knowledge of global MRSA epidemiology. However, basic knowledge about MRSA epidemiology is still fragmented or completely missing in some parts of the world. This is the first study of MRSA epidemiology in Slovakia to identify the presence of the epidemic HA-MRSA clones CC5-MRSA-II and CC22-MRSA-IV and, importantly and unexpectedly, the emergence of the global epidemic USA300 CA-MRSA clone in the Slovakian community and hospitals. So far, USA300 has failed to spread in Europe, and this study documents an extensive spread of this epidemic clone in a European country for the first time.
- MeSH
- infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce * epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata MeSH
- infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí MeSH
- infekce získané v komunitě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika klasifikace účinky léků MeSH
- molekulární epidemiologie metody MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce dějiny etnologie genetika MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Agentury pro zdravotnický výzkum MZ ČR
nestr.
Projekt je sentinelovou studií zaměřenou na vyhledávání Enterobacteriaceae s přenositelnou na plazmid vázanou rezistencí ke kolistinu (rezervnímu antibiotiku v humánní medicíně avšak antibiotiku používaném i ve veterinárním sektoru) u hospitalizovaných pacientů a cestovatelů, potravinových zvířat a jejich mase a v prostředí.; The proposed one health approach project is the sentinel testing survey of the occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae with plasmid-mediated transferable resistance to colistin ( a reserve antibiotic used in human medicine but also in the veterinary sector) in hospitalised patients and travellers, livestock, retail meat and in the environment.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- Enterobacteriaceae účinky léků MeSH
- kolistin MeSH
- plazmidy MeSH
- sentinelová surveillance MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- farmacie a farmakologie
- epidemiologie
- bakteriologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR
Background: In order to estimate the prevalence of plasmid borne colistin resistance and to characterize in detail the mcr-positive isolates, we carried out a sentinel testing survey on the intestinal carriage of plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in hospitalized patients. Methods: Between June 2018 and September 2019, 1922 faecal samples from hospitalised patients were analysed by selective culture in presence of colistin (3.5 mg/L), and in parallel by direct detection of the mcr-1 to mcr-8 genes by qPCR. The mcr-positive isolates were characterised by whole-genome sequencing. Results: The prevalence of the mcr-1 gene was 0.21% (n = 4/1922); the mcr-2 to 8 genes were not detected. The mcr-1 gene was found to be localised in the IncX4 (n = 3) and IncHI2 (n = 1) plasmid type. One Escherichia coli isolate was susceptible to colistin due to the inactivation of the mcr-1 gene through the insertion of the IS2 element; however, the colistin resistance was inducible by culture in low concentrations of colistin. One human mcr-1 positive E. coli isolate was related genetically to the mcr-1 E. coli isolate derived from turkey meat of Czech origin. Conclusions:mcr-mediated colistin resistance currently poses little threat to patients hospitalised in Czech healthcare settings. The presence of the mcr-1 gene in the human population has a possible link to domestically produced, retail meat.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To gain data on the current molecular epidemiology and resistance of MRSA in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Between September 2017 and January 2018, a total of 441 single-patient MRSA isolates were collected from 11 Czech hospitals and analysed by spa typing, SCCmec typing, antibiotic susceptibility testing, detection of the PVL toxin and the arcA gene. RESULTS: Of all MRSA isolates, 81.41% (n = 359) belonged to the CC5-MRSA clone represented by the spa types t003 (n = 136), t586 (n = 92), t014 (n = 81), t002 (n = 20) and other spa types (n = 30); a majority of the CC5 isolates (n = 348, 96.94%) carried SCCmec type II. The occurrence of CC5-MRSA was more likely in older inpatients and associated with a healthcare origin (P < 0.001). The CC5-MRSA isolates were resistant to more antimicrobial drugs compared with the other MRSAs (P < 0.001). Interestingly, t586 was detected in blood samples more often than the other spa types and, contrary to other spa types belonging to CC5-MRSA, t586 was not associated with patients of advanced age. Other frequently found lineages were CC8 (n = 17), CC398 (n = 11) and CC59 (n = 10). The presence of the PVL was detected in 8.62% (n = 38) of the MRSA isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The healthcare-associated CC5-MRSA-II lineage (t003, t586, t014) was found to be predominant in the Czech Republic. t586 is a newly emerging spa type in the Czech Republic, yet reported rarely in other countries. Our observations stress the need for MRSA surveillance in the Czech Republic in order to monitor changes in MRSA epidemiology.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- molekulární epidemiologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce * epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Fast and accurate detection of causative agents of bloodstream infections remains a challenge of today's microbiology. We compared the performance of cutting-edge technology based on polymerase chain reaction coupled with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) with that of conventional broad-range 16S rRNA PCR and blood culture to address the current diagnostic possibilities for bloodstream infections. Of 160 blood samples tested, PCR/ESI-MS revealed clinically meaningful microbiological agents in 47 samples that were missed by conventional diagnostic approaches (29.4% of all analyzed samples). Notably, PCR/ESI-MS shortened the time to positivity of the blood culture-positive samples by an average of 34 hr. PCR/ESI-MS technology substantially improved current diagnostic tools and represented an opportunity to make bloodstream infections diagnostics sensitive, accurate, and timely with a broad spectrum of microorganisms covered.
Fast and accurate detection of causative agents of bloodstream infections remains a challenge of today's microbiology. We compared the performance of cutting-edge technology based on polymerase chain reaction coupled with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) with that of conventional broad-range 16S rRNA PCR and blood culture to address the current diagnostic possibilities for bloodstream infections. Of 160 blood samples tested, PCR/ESI-MS revealed clinically meaningful microbiological agents in 47 samples that were missed by conventional diagnostic approaches (29.4% of all analyzed samples). Notably, PCR/ESI-MS shortened the time to positivity of the blood culture-positive samples by an average of 34 hr. PCR/ESI-MS technology substantially improved current diagnostic tools and represented an opportunity to make bloodstream infections diagnostics sensitive, accurate, and timely with a broad spectrum of microorganisms covered.
- MeSH
- bakteriemie diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sepse diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Bacteroides pyogenes can cause infections in humans. We describe a case of bloodstream infection caused by Bacteroides denticanum that probably originated from a dog bite. MALDI-TOF MS misidentified this new species as B. pyogenes. Subsequent analysis using the 16S rRNA sequencing approach identified the species as B. denticanum.
- MeSH
- Bacteroides chemie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- bakteriemie diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Bacteroides diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psi MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- psi MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Kmeny Staphylococcus aureus, pozitivní na Pantonův - Valentinův leukocidin, mohou být (kromě kožních infek-cí) příčinou závažných, život ohrožujících rozpadových pneumonií. V příspěvku prezentujeme již čtvrtý letošní případ tohoto onemocnění, který skončil úmrtím.
Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive strains can cause, apart from skin infections, severe life-threatening disinte-grating pneumonia. A case report is presented of the fourth fatal case of PVL pneumonia this year.
- MeSH
- chřipka lidská komplikace MeSH
- cytotoxiny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- leukocidiny izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pneumonie stafylokoková * diagnóza farmakoterapie mortalita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- tabulky MeSH
