Anastomotic leakage and gastrointestinal obstruction due to formation of peritoneal adhesions are major postoperative complications in colorectal surgery. There are no available materials on the market capable of preventing such complications. The aim of the project is to develop a unique double-layered nanofibrous material to cover the intestinal anastomoses. The material will be composed of synthetic biocompatible and biodegradable polymers and prepared by combining the electrospinning and the electrospraying via NanospiderTM. The inner polymeric fibers will adhere to anastomosis and support healing. The outer anti-adhesive side will be inspired by the natural superhydrophobic lotus leaf structure and thus prevent the adhesions. The materials will be assessed in vitro using NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. The adhesion to tissue will be tested mechanically. The functionality of the material will be described in experimental model of complicated healing of colonic anastomosis on pig with three weeks observation period concluded with evaluation of peritoneal adhesions and anastomotic healing.

Anastomotický leak a poruchy pasáže zažívacím traktem způsobené tvorbou peritoneálních adhezí patří mezi zásadní pooperační komplikace v kolorektální chirurgii. Na trhu nejsou k dispozici materiály, které by tyto komplikace spolehlivě eliminovaly. Cílem projektu je vyvinout unikátní dvouvrstvý nanovlákenný materiál s odlišnými vlastnostmi jednotlivých stran pro krytí chirurgických anastomóz. Materiál se bude skládat ze syntetických biokompatibilních a biodegradabilních polymerů a bude připraven kombinací electrospinningu a electrosprayingu na NanospiderTM. Vnitřní polymerní vlákna přilnou k anastomóze a podpoří hojení. Morfologie vnější antiadhezivní strany bude inspirována nativním superhydrofobním lotosovým povrchem a bude sloužit jako prevence adhezí. Materiály budou analyzovány in vitro testy za použití NIH/3T3 fibroblastů. Přilnavost k tkáni bude testována mechanicky. Funkce materiálu bude popsána na prasečím modelu komplikovaného hojení anastomózy na tračníku s třítýdenní observací zvířat zakončenou systematickým hodnocením peritoneálních adhezí a kvality anastomózy.

• Klíčová slova
• biokompatibilita, biocompatibility, nanovlákna, nanofibers, biodegradabilita, biodegradability, gastrointestinální anastomóza, anastomotický leak, pooperační adheze, abdominální chirurgie, superhydrofobicita, gastrointestinal anastomosis, anastomotic leakage, postoperative adhesion, abdominal surgery, superhydrophobic surface,

• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

INTRODUCTION: The gold standard for serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) determination is the single molecule array (SIMOA), the use of which is limited by availability and cost. The VEUS method is a fully automated, user-friendly diagnostic system requiring no sample preparation, with high reported sensitivity, multiplexing capability, and rapid diagnostics. The aim of this study was to compare the SIMOA and VEUS methods for determining sNfL levels in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODOLOGY: A single-centre cross-sectional study was conducted at the MS Centre of University Hospital Ostrava. Patients were enrolled in the study from January 18 to January 31, 2024. Inclusion criteria were: 1) diagnosis of MS according to the revised 2017 McDonald criteria, 2) age ≥18 years, and 3) signed informed consent. The NF-light V2 diagnostic kit (SIMOA, Quanterix) and the Singleplex Neurology assay kit (VEUDx, EZDiatech) were used to determine sNfL concentrations. The two methods were compared by use of Spearman correlation, Passing-Bablok regression, and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: A total of 49 patients were included in the study, of whom 39 (79.6 %) were female. The median sNfL concentration was 7.73 (IQR 5.80-9.93) ng/L determined by SIMOA and 1.31 (IQR 1.18-1.65) ng/L by VEUS. We did not find a correlation between SIMOA and VEUS (rs = 0.025, p = 0.866). Passing-Bablok regression demonstrated a systematic and proportional difference between the two methods. A significant disagreement between them was also confirmed by the Bland-Altman plots. On average, sNfL values measured by SIMOA were 3.56 ng/L (95 % CI 0.78 to 6.34) higher than those measured by VEUS. CONCLUSION: Our investigation uncovered noteworthy disparities between the SIMOA and VEUS techniques in determining sNfL levels. Specifically, the VEUS technique systematically produces lower estimates of sNFL levels. This substantial variance emphasizes the importance of carefully evaluating assay methods when quantifying sNfL.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurofilamentové proteiny * krev   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * krev   diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Glaucoma is a significant cause of blindness worldwide, and its treatment remains challenging. The disease progressively leads to damage to the optic disc and thus loss of visual acuity and visual field. High intraocular pressure (IOP) is a common risk factor. There are three major methods to treat this disease: topical, laser, and surgical. None of these are completely satisfactory; therefore, alternatives using new biomaterials are being sought. Since biomaterial engineering has experienced significant growth in recent decades, its products are gradually being introduced to various branches of medicine, with the exception of ophthalmology. Biomaterials, such as glaucoma drainage implants, have been successfully used to treat glaucoma. There is significant ongoing research on biomaterials as drug delivery systems that could overcome the disadvantages of topical glaucoma treatment, such as poor intraocular penetration or frequent drug administration. This article summarizes the use of novel biomaterials for glaucoma treatment presented in the literature. The literature search was based on articles published in English on PubMed.gov, Cochranelibrary.com, and Scopus.com between 2018 and 2023 using the following term "biomaterials in glaucoma." A total of 103 published articles, including twenty-two reviews, were included. Fifty-nine articles were excluded on the basis of their titles and abstracts.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The development of an ideal vascular prosthesis represents an important challenge in terms of the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with respect to which new materials are being considered that have produced promising results following testing in animal models. This study focuses on nanofibrous polycaprolactone-based grafts assessed by means of histological techniques 10 days and 6 months following suturing as a replacement for the rat aorta. A novel stereological approach for the assessment of cellular distribution within the graft thickness was developed. The cellularization of the thickness of the graft was found to be homogeneous after 10 days and to have changed after 6 months, at which time the majority of cells was discovered in the inner layer where the regeneration of the vessel wall was found to have occurred. Six months following implantation, the endothelialization of the graft lumen was complete, and no vasa vasorum were found to be present. Newly formed tissue resembling native elastic arteries with concentric layers composed of smooth muscle cells, collagen, and elastin was found in the implanted polycaprolactone-based grafts. Moreover, the inner layer of the graft was seen to have developed structural similarities to the regular aortic wall. The grafts appeared to be well tolerated, and no severe adverse reaction was recorded with the exception of one case of cartilaginous metaplasia close to the junctional suture.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: The aim of this study was to identify whether NfL and CXCL13 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations at diagnostic lumbar puncture can predict the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) in terms of relapses, higher expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity. METHODS: We conducted a single-centre prospective observational cohort study at the MS center, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic. CSF NfL (cNfL) and CXCL13 concentrations were examined (ELISA method) in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) at the time of diagnostic lumbar puncture. RESULTS: A total of 44 patients with CIS or early RRMS were enrolled, 31 (70.5%) of whom were women. The median age at the time of CSF sampling was 31.21 years (IQR 25.43-39.32), and the follow-up period was 54.6 months (IQR 44.03-59.48). In the simple and multiple logistic regression models, CXCL13 levels did not predict relapses, MRI activity or EDSS > 2.5. Similarly, cNfL concentrations did not predict relapses or MRI activity in either model. In the multiple regression, higher cNfL levels were associated with reaching EDSS > 2.5 (odds ratio [OR] 1.002, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.000 to 1.003). CONCLUSIONS: Our data did not confirm cNfL and/or CXCL13 CSF levels were predictive factors for disease activity such as relapses and MRI activity at the time of diagnostic lumbar puncture in patients with RRMS. While cNfL CSF levels predicted higher disability only after adjustment for other known risk factors, elevated CSF CXCL13 did not predict higher disability at all.

• MeSH
• biologické markery mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• chemokin CXCL13 MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• intermediární filamenta MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * diagnostické zobrazování   mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * diagnóza   mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

Steroid­-responzivní encefalopatie asociovaná s autoimunitní thyreoiditidou (SREAT) je vzácný syndrom charakterizovaný neuropsychiatrickými příznaky, vysokými antithyreoidálními protilátkami a rychlou klinickou odpovědí na podání kortikosteroidů. Prezentujeme kazuistický případ pacientky přijaté k hospitalizaci pro akutně vzniklou dezorientaci, poruchu řeči charakteru perceptivní fatické poruchy a inkoherenci myšlení, s hyperthyreózou v anamnéze bez současné terapie. Výpočetní tomografie i magnetická rezonance mozku nebyly diagnosticky průkazné. V rámci širší diferenciální diagnostiky byly odebrány hormony štítné žlázy a antithyreoidální protilátky. Protilátky proti thyreoidální peroxidáze (anti­-TPO) byly silně pozitivní. Pro suspekci na encefalopatii související s autoimunitním poškozením štítné žlázy byl nově do medikace nasazen nitrožilně metylprednisolon 1 000 mg s úpravou ad integrum již druhý den aplikace.

Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) is a rare syndrome characterised by neuropsychiatric symptoms, high antithyroid antibodies and rapid clinical response to corticosteroids. We present a case of a patient admitted for hospitalisation for acute disorientation, perceptive speech disorder and incoherence of thinking, with a history of hyperthyreosis without recent concomitant therapy. CT and MRI brain scans were not diagnostically conclusive. Thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid antibodies were collected as part of a wider differential diagnosis. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies were strongly positive. To treat the encephalopathy, related to autoimmune thyroid damage, intravenous methylprednisolone 1000 mg was newly introduced to the medication with clinical recovery ad integrum second day of application.

• MeSH
• autoimunitní tyreoiditida * diagnóza   komplikace   MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci mozku * etiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Tato kniha se snaží rozklíčovat, zda tvrzení ""Šaty dělají člověka"" je skutečně pravdivé. Přestože se jedná o populární sousloví, na poli vědy a výzkumu se jej ještě nikomu nepodařilo jednoznačně potvrdit ani vyvrátit. Proto za tímto účelem autorka provedla analýzu historických a soudobých koncepcí pojednávajících o souvislostech mezi osobností a odíváním.

Glaucoma disease therapy frequently involves the application of a glaucoma implant. This approach is effective in terms of reducing the intraocular pressure via the filtering of intraocular fluid from the anterior chamber into the drainage pathways. The basic properties of such implants comprise of long-term stability and the filtering of fluids without the occurrence of undesirable blockages. This study describes the design and production of a novel material for the treatment of glaucoma disease that is based on electrospinning technology. Non-toxic, biocompatible and non-degradable polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) was selected as the implant material. The research investigated the resistance of this material to the growth of a fibroblast cell line without the use of antifibrotic agents such as mitomycin C. Three different types of PVDF were electrospun separately and mixed with polyethyleneoxide (PEO), following which the degree of cell growth resistance was evaluated. It was discovered that the fiber layers that contained PVDF blended with PEO evinced a statistically significant difference in metabolic activity compared to the PURE PVDF layers. Only small cell clusters formed on the layers that were resistant to cell fibrotization. As a result of the observed clustering, a new program was developed in MATLAB software for the determination of the number of cells involved in cluster formation, which then allowed for the determination of the spatial dependence between the cells in the form of a point pattern. The study describes a simple technique for the production of composite PVDF+PEO structures suitable for use in the field of glaucoma treatment.

• MeSH
• drenážní implantáty glaukomové * MeSH
• glaukom * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• komorová voda MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitomycin MeSH
• nitrooční tlak MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND/AIM: Anastomotic leakage is a feared complication in colorectal surgery. Postoperative peritoneal adhesions can also cause life-threatening conditions. Nanofibrous materials showed their pro-healing properties in various studies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of double-layered nanofibrous materials on anastomotic healing and peritoneal adhesions formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two versions of double-layered materials from polycaprolactone and polyvinyl alcohol were applied on defective anastomosis on the small intestine of healthy pigs. The control group remained with uncovered defect. Tissue specimens were subjected to histological analysis and adhesion scoring after 3 weeks of observation. RESULTS: The wound healing was inferior in the experimental groups, however, no anastomotic leakage was observed and the applied material always kept covering the defect. The extent of adhesions was larger in the experimental groups. CONCLUSION: Nanofibrous materials may prevent anastomotic leakage but delay healing.

• MeSH
• adheze tkání prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• anastomóza chirurgická škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• kolon patologie   MeSH
• nanovlákna * MeSH
• netěsnost anastomózy * etiologie   patologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Anastomotic leakage is a dreadful complication in colorectal surgery. It has a negative impact on postoperative mortality, long term life quality and oncological results. Nanofibrous polycaprolactone materials have shown pro-healing properties in various applications before. Our team developed several versions of these for healing support of colorectal anastomoses with promising results in previous years. In this study, we developed highly porous biocompatible polycaprolactone nanofibrous patches. We constructed a defective anastomosis on the large intestine of 16 pigs, covered the anastomoses with the patch in 8 animals (Experimental group) and left the rest uncovered (Control group). After 21 days of observation we evaluated postoperative changes, signs of leakage and other complications. The samples were assessed histologically according to standardized protocols. The material was easy to work with. All animals survived with no major complication. There were no differences in intestinal wall integrity between the groups and there were no signs of anastomotic leakage in any animal. The levels of collagen were significantly higher in the Experimental group, which we consider to be an indirect sign of higher mechanical strength. The material shall be further perfected in the future and possibly combined with active molecules to specifically influence the healing process.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH