- MeSH
- veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- úvodníky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Numerous serotypes which belong to the genus Enterovirus (EV) show variability in their virulence and clinical manifestations. They are also known to undergo changes caused by mutations and recombination during their circulation in the environment and the population. Various EV serotypes are prevalent in groundwater, wastewater and surface waters. Our previous studies showed that oral infection induces pancreatitis depending on specific conditions, such as gravidity, in an outbred murine model. Our aim in the present study was to further explore the pancreatic histopathology in an outbred mouse model following oral infection with clinical isolates from a patient who had aseptic meningitis and an isolate from a treated-sewage sample recovered from the residential area of the patient. The isolates were identified as coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) in tissue culture. The CVB4 sewage-isolate induced pancreatitis after oral infection. In contrast, pancreatitis was absent following infection with the clinical isolates. Comparison of polyprotein sequences showed that the treated-sewage strains differed from the patient's isolates by 9 and 11 amino acids. We conclude that the isolates of clinical and environmental origin differed in their pathogenic properties and showed genetic variation.
- MeSH
- coxsackie virózy * virologie MeSH
- enterovirus B lidský * patogenita fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- odpadní vody * virologie MeSH
- pankreatitida * chemicky indukované virologie MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
S nadchádzajúcim obdobím, v ktorom sa zvyčajne zvyšuje aktivita chrípky v severnej hemisfére, sa pri súčasne prebiehajúcej pandémii covidu-19 dostáva do popredia otázka možnej kolízie dvoch epidémií (tzv. "twindémie"), prípadne výskytu zmiešaných infekcií a ich dopadu na zdravie jednotlivcov ako aj ich potenciálnych verejno-zdravotníckych dôsledkov. Syntéza výsledkov doteraz publikovaných štúdií naznačuje, že katastrofická kolízia epidémie sezónnej chrípky a covidu-19 v podmienkach uplatňovania nefarmakologických opatrení proti šíreniu covidu-19 nie je pravdepodobná, o čom svedčí okrem iného aj mimoriadne nízka aktivita sezónnej chrípky v roku 2020 v južnej hemisfére. Naproti tomu však existencia zmiešaných infekcií SARS-CoV-2 a influenza vírusmi bola u jednotlivcov spoľahlivo preukázaná. Pretrvávajúca neistota ohľadom výskytu a potenciálnej závažnosti týchto zmiešaných infekcií zdôrazňuje význam očkovania proti sezónnej chrípke v súčasnej epidemiologickej situácii a nastoľuje potrebu zabezpečiť: a) dostupnosť očkovacej látky, b) podporiť záujem verejnosti o očkovanie a c) zjednodušiť prístup k bezpečnému očkovaniu proti sezónnej chrípke v podmienkach prebiehajúcej epidémie covidu-19.
In times of COVID-19 pandemics, the upcoming period of the year when influenza activity usually increases in the Northern Hemisphere brings new medical and public health challenges. These challenges include the risk of mixed infections and/or a possible collision of the two epidemics (“twindemia”) with a potentially serious impact on individual health and public health. In this report, we discuss the results of the published studies and conclude that the catastrophic collision of the seasonal influenza and COVID-19 epidemics is unlikely when efficient non-pharmaceutical public health measures are applied to control or mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. This conclusion is supported by several lines of evidence, including the extremely low seasonal influenza activity registered in the Southern Hemisphere in 2020. On the other hand, the existence of mixed SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infections has been demonstrated in humans. The continuing uncertainty about the occurrence and potential severity of these mixed infections emphasizes the importance of seasonal influenza vaccination in the current epidemiological situation and raises the need to: (i) ensure vaccine availability, (ii) facilitate access to safe seasonal influenza vaccination under the conditions of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic, and (iii) promote the vaccine to the public.
- Klíčová slova
- twindémie,
- MeSH
- chřipka lidská * epidemiologie MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
OBJECTIVE: In most indicators of the way of life, the Roma community is generally different from the majority population and dominant culture. The objective of the study was to describe factors affecting the health of the Roma living in Slovakia, with an emphasis on the sexual and reproductive health of Roma women, and report on the results of analysis of high-risk pregnancies of Roma women in the district of Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia. METHODS: A retrospective study of medical documentation was used. The results were analyzed using the absolute and relative frequencies. Statistical methods were used. RESULTS: A total of 1,256 high-risk pregnancies were analyzed, of which 622 (49.52%) were in Roma women. The average age of Roma respondents was lower by 5 years compared to non-Roma. The age of Roma women at the first pregnancy was statistically significantly lower compared to non-Roma (p < 0.001). The Roma respondents achieved statistically significantly lower levels of education than non-Roma. There was a demonstrably higher number of pregnancies as well as a higher number of artificial and spontaneous abortions per Roma woman. These results were statistically significant. For Roma women, pregnancy began to be risky demonstrably earlier than for non-Roma (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in attending prenatal counselling. Roma women attended prenatal counselling statistically significantly less frequently than non-Roma (p < 0.001). A significant statistical dependence was found between attending prenatal counselling and the onset of pregnancy problems in Roma women. There was no significant difference in the incidence of other diseases associated with high-risk pregnancy among Roma and non-Roma respondents. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that Roma women are exposed to health problems in the area of sexual and reproductive health in Slovakia. In the approach to the Roma, it is essential to focus on improving accessibility to health care, prevention, knowledgeableness and effectively preventing, eradicating and strongly penalizing all forms of discrimination in access to health care, especially for Roma women, who are more likely to receive health care.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- indukovaný potrat statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- komplikace těhotenství etnologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- parita MeSH
- prenatální péče statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- reprodukční zdraví etnologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- rizikové těhotenství etnologie MeSH
- Romové etnologie MeSH
- samovolný potrat etnologie MeSH
- služby v oblasti reprodukčního zdraví statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- sociální determinanty zdraví MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
V článku sa uvádza prehľad úspechov československých, českých a slovenských mikrobiológov v identifikácií mikroorganizmov, kde pri jeho pomenovaní bolo zvolené ako kritérium geografické miesto jeho výskytu, poprípade meno jeho objaviteľa. Bez šťastnej súhry okolností a mravčej práce jednotlivých mikrobiológov by sme možno boli ochudobnení o vedecké poznatky, ktoré zostanú navždy súčasťou historického dedičstva v oblasti mikrobiológie oboch našich národov Čechov a Slovákov.
A review is presented of achievements of Czechoslovak, Czech, and Slovak microbiologists in the identification of microorganisms named after geographical locations or their discoverers. Without a fortunate coincidence of circumstances and the rigorous work of microbiologists, there could be gaps in our scientific knowledge we use to our benefit and which will always remain part of the heritage in the area of microbiology of both nations - Czechs and Slovaks.
- MeSH
- Bacteria MeSH
- mikrobiologie * dějiny MeSH
- terminologie jako téma * MeSH
- viry MeSH
- zeměpis MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
V článku sa uvádza prehľad úspechov československých, českých a slovenských mikrobiológov v identifikácií mikroorganizmov, kde pri jeho pomenovaní bolo zvolené ako kritérium geografické miesto jeho výskytu, poprípade meno jeho objaviteľa. Bez šťastnej súhry okolností a mravčej práce jednotlivých mikrobiológov by sme možno boli ešte dnes ochudobnení o vedecké poznatky, ktoré takto máme možnosť využívať a ktoré zostanú navždy súčasťou historického dedičstva v oblasti mikrobiológie oboch našich národov, Čechov a Slovákov.
A review is presented of achievements of Czechoslovak, Czech, and Slovak microbiologists in the identification of microorganisms named after geographical locations or their discoverers. Without a fortunate coincidence of circumstances and the rigorous work of microbiologists, there could be gaps in our scientific knowledge we use to our benefit and which will always remain part of the heritage in the area of microbiology of both nations - Czechs and Slovaks.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace MeSH
- mikrobiologie * MeSH
- terminologie jako téma * MeSH
- viry klasifikace MeSH
- zeměpis MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
A case of food-borne botulism occurred in Slovakia in 2015. Clostridium botulinum type A was isolated from three nearly empty commercial hummus tubes. The product, which was sold in Slovakia and the Czech Republic, was withdrawn from the market and a warning was issued immediately through the European Commission's Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). Further investigation revealed the presence of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) subtype BoNT/A3, a very rare subtype implicated in only one previous outbreak (Loch Maree in Scotland, 1922). It is the most divergent subtype of BoNT/A with 15.4% difference at the amino acid level compared with the prototype BoNT/A1. This makes it more prone to evading immunological and PCR-based detection. It is recommended that testing laboratories are advised that this subtype has been associated with food-borne botulism for the second time since the first outbreak almost 100 years ago, and to validate their immunological or PCR-based methods against this divergent subtype.
- MeSH
- botulismus diagnóza epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- botulotoxiny typ A genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Clostridium botulinum typ A genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Alimentárny botulizmus u ľudí predstavuje intoxikáciu botulickými neurotoxínmi (BoNT) sérotypov A, B, E a výnimočne aj F, ktoré sa vytvorili v potravinách pomnožením anaeróbnych baktérií Clostridium botulinum skupiny I alebo II, alebo toxigénnych kmeňov C. butyricum, prípadne C. baratii. Možnosti vstupu BoNT-produkujúcich klostrídií z prostredia do potravinového reťazca sú značné a tieto klostrídie sa môžu za vhodných podmienok pomnožiť a produkovať BoNT v širokom okruhu potravín. Kým v minulosti boli riziká alimentárneho botulizmu spájané najmä s jedlami konzervovanými v domácnostiach, v súčasnosti narastá epidemiologický význam potravín vyrobených priemyselne alebo pripravených v reštauračných zariadeniach. V tomto prehľade sú diskutované verejno-zdravotnícke aspekty alimentárneho botulizmu, vrátane problémov jeho klinickej, epidemiologickej a laboratórnej diagnostiky a rizík súvisiacich s minimálne tepelne spracovanými potravinami s predĺženou trvanlivosťou, ktoré sú vákuovo balené a určené na priamu spotrebu bez ďalšej tepelnej úpravy.
Human foodborne botulism is an intoxication caused by ingestion of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) of serotypes A, B, E, and rarely also serotype F, produced in contaminated food by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum group I, group II, or by toxigenic strains of C. butyricum and C. baratii. BoNT-producing Clostridia are ubiquitously distributed in the environment and, under suitable conditions, they can enter the food chain, proliferate and produce BoNT in a variety of foods. In the past, the risk of foodborne botulism was primarily associated with homemade canned foods; however, the epidemiological importance of commercial and restaurant food is increasing nowadays. In this article, we review the public health aspects of foodborne botulism, including its clinical, epidemiological and laboratory diagnosis and discuss potential risks associated with minimally heated, vacuum or modified atmosphere-packed, ready-to-eat foods of extended durability.
- MeSH
- bezpečnost potravin MeSH
- botulismus * diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- botulotoxiny MeSH
- Clostridium botulinum MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Enteroviruses (EVs) infections occur worldwide. Although, infections by these viruses are often asymptomatic and go unnoticed, they can be shed in stool for several weeks. The EVs re associated with sporadic outbreaks and a wide range of clinical symptoms, occasionally accompanied with fatal consequences. Presently in the Slovak Republic (SR) recreational waters are tested only for bacterial indicators. Our aim was to monitor EVs in recreational waters. Water samples were collected during the years 2012-2014 from different recreational natural lakes in Central and West regions of SR. The samples were concentrated by centrifugation using the two-phase separation method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) used for EVs surveillance in the treated sewage waste water. Each of the two phases collected from the samples was analysed by polymerase chain reaction for detection of EVs and primary sequencing was done. Our study demonstrated presence of EVs in three localities consecutively for three years, indicating a probability of constant local source of faecal contamination. This is the first monitoring report on the occurrence of EVs in the natural recreational waters in SR.
- MeSH
- Enterovirus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologie vody * MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- rekreace * MeSH
- sladká voda virologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
