Aesthetic surgery of the female genitalia is on the rise. Many procedures are performed. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder and often goes unrecognized in plastic surgery. This review examines actual knowledge of plastic surgery in gynecology, knowledge of motivational factors of women, and BDD. We carried out a systematic electronic search. We used a combination of relevant keywords to construct the search strategy. Included studies were systematic reviews or primary studies published 1990-2017 and containing information about BDD. Reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed quality, undertaking narrative synthesis. The research revealed a variety of plastic procedures available and why women consider undergoing labia reduction surgery.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- představa o vlastním těle psychologie MeSH
- rozhodování * MeSH
- spokojenost pacientů MeSH
- tělesné dysmorfické poruchy psychologie chirurgie MeSH
- vulva chirurgie MeSH
- zákroky plastické chirurgie psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
PURPOSE: To evaluate intravesical loss of onabolunumtoxinA (onaBTA) during endoscopic injection into the bladder wall for treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). The intraluminal loss of onaBTA cannot be determined directly, therefore we added methylene blue (MB) to reconstitute onaBTA. Subsequently we used spectrophotometry to determine the total amount of MB in the irrigation fluid, which allowed us to calculate total intraluminal loss of onaBTA. METHODS: The study population was consisted of 48 patients with NDO. The mean age was 36.6±8.9 years. Forty-two patients suffered from NDO due to spinal cord injury and 6 patients suffered from multiple sclerosis. Each patient received 200 units of onaBTA administered by 30 endoscopic injections (1 mL per injection) using a 23-G needle. The entire volume of irrigation fluid was collected and spectrophotometry was used to determine the MB concentration. The total amount of injected onaBTA, total amount of irrigation solution and the known amount of MB used during reconstitution, allowed for the determination of intravesical loss of onaBTA. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were included in the final analysis. The mean volume of irrigation fluid was 603.33±400.14 mL. The mean absorbance was 0.14±0.12 with the mean MB concentration 0.19±0.18 mg/L. The mean calculated loss of onaBTA was 4.14±4.11 units. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic injection of onaBTA marked by MB into the bladder wall is associated with minimal intravesical loss of the agent, representing less than 3% of the administered dose of MB. This may reflect the amount of the onaBTA detected in the irrigation fluid.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Forests cover approximately one-third of Central Europe. Oak (Quercus) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) are considered the natural dominants at low and middle elevations, respectively. Many coniferous forests (especially of Picea abies) occur primarily at midelevations, but these are thought to have resulted from forestry plantations planted over the past 200 years. Nature conservation and forestry policy seek to promote broadleaved trees over conifers. However, there are discrepancies between conservation guidelines (included in Natura 2000) and historical and palaeoecological data with regard to the distribution of conifers. Our aim was to bring new evidence to the debate on the conservation of conifers versus broadleaved trees at midelevations in Central Europe. We created a vegetation and land-cover model based on pollen data for a highland area of 11,300 km2in the Czech Republic and assessed tree species composition in the forests before the onset of modern forestry based on 18th-century archival sources. Conifers dominated the study region throughout the entire Holocene (approximately 40-60% of the area). Broadleaved trees were present in a much smaller area than envisaged by current ideas of natural vegetation. Rather than casting doubt on the principles of Central European nature conservation in general, our results highlight the necessity of detailed regional investigations and the importance of historical data in challenging established notions on the natural distribution of tree species.
- MeSH
- lesnictví MeSH
- lesy * MeSH
- stromy MeSH
- zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
BACKGROUND: Healthcare-acquired infections by pathogenic microorganisms including viruses represent significant health concern worldwide. Next to direct transmission from person-to-person also indirect transmission from contaminated surfaces is well documented and important route of infections. Here, we tested antiviral properties of hybrid coating containing silver, copper and zinc cations that was previously shown to be effective against pathogenic bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Hybrid coatings containing silver, copper and zinc cations were prepared through radical polymerization via sol-gel method and applied on glass slides or into the wells of polymethylmethacrylate plates. A 10 μl droplet of several viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), influenza, dengue virus, herpes simplex virus, and coxsackievirus was added to coated and uncoated slides or plates, incubated usually from 5 to 240 min and followed by titer determination of recovered virus. RESULTS: Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed better adhesion of coatings on glass surfaces, which resulted in 99.5-100 % HIV-1 titer reduction (3.1 ± 0.8 log10TCID50, n = 3) already after 20 min of exposure to coatings, than on coated polymethylmethacrylate plates with 75-100 % (1.7 ± 1.1 log10TCID50, n = 3) and 98-100 % (2.3 ± 0.5 log10TCID50, n = 3) HIV-1 titer reduction after 20 and 120 min of exposure, respectively. Slower virucidal kinetics was observed with other enveloped viruses, where 240 min exposure to coated slides lead to 97 % (dengue), 100 % (herpes simplex) and 77 % (influenza) reduction in virus titers. Interestingly, only marginal reduction in viral titer after 240 min of exposure was noticed for non-enveloped coxsackie B3 virus. CONCLUSIONS: Our hybrid coatings showed virucidal activity against HIV and other enveloped viruses thus providing further findings towards development of broad-spectrum antimicrobial coating suitable for surfaces in healthcare settings.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- HIV infekce MeSH
- HIV-1 účinky léků MeSH
- infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí prevence a kontrola virologie MeSH
- kationty chemie farmakologie MeSH
- kontaminace zdravotnického vybavení prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měď chemie farmakologie MeSH
- stříbro chemie farmakologie MeSH
- viry účinky léků MeSH
- vybavení a zásoby nemocnice virologie MeSH
- zinek chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In coppice-with-standards, once a common type of management in Central European lowland forests, selected trees (standards) were left to grow mature among the regularly harvested coppice stools to obtain construction wood. After the underwood was harvested, the forest canopy opened rapidly, giving standard trees an opportunity to benefit from reduced competition. Although this silvicultural system virtually disappeared after WWII, historical management cycles can still be traced in the tree-rings of remaining standards. Our research aims at answering the question whether tree-ring series of standard trees can be used to reconstruct past management practices. The study was carried out on 117 oak standard trees from five sites situated in formerly coppiced calcareous oak-hornbeam and acidophilous oak forests in the Bohemian Karst Protected Landscape Area, Czech Republic. The evaluation was based on the analysis of growth releases representing the response of the standards to coppicing events, and comparison to the archival records of coppice events. Our results showed that coppicing events can be successfully detected by tree-ring analysis, although there are some limitations. Altogether 241 releases were identified (49% of major releases). Large number of releases could be related to historical records, with the major ones giving better results. The overall probability of correct detection (positive predictive power) was 58%, ranging from 50 to 67%, probability for major releases was 78%, ranging from 63 to 100% for different sites. The ability of individual trees to mirror past coppice events was significantly affected by competition from neighboring trees (their number and the sum of distance-weighted basal areas). A dendro-ecological approach to the study of forest management history can serve as an input for current attempts of coppice reintroduction and for conservation purposes.
Cíl: Cílem práce je dokumentovat možnou ztrátu onabotulinumtoxinu A (onaBTA), která vzniká při endoskopické aplikaci do detruzoru močového měchýře v léčbě neurogenní hyperaktivity detruzoru. Metoda: Soubor byl tvořen jedenácti pacienty s neurogenní hyperaktivitou detruzoru, u kterých nebyla standardní léčba anticholinergiky úspěšná. Pacienti byli léčeni endoskopickou aplikací 200 U onaBTA do 30 míst detruzoru 23 G flexibilní endoskopickou jehlou. K monitoraci ztráty onaBTA při endoskopické aplikaci jsme použili barvení roztoku léku metylenovou modří. Po vyšetření jsme spektrofotometricky stanovili koncentraci metylenové modři v lavážním roztoku po endoskopické aplikaci, ze které byla vypočítána výsledná ztráta onaBTA. Výsledky: U prvního pacienta jsme provedli ověření metody monitorace ztráty onaBTA s prokázanou ztrátou U onaBTA 13 U. V souboru dalších deseti pacientů jsme prokázali při endoskopické aplikaci onaBTA do detruzoru ztrátu 2,6 ? 1,67 U onaBTA. Závěr: V pilotní fázi studie jsme prokázali, že ztráta onaBTA při endoskopické aplikaci do detruzoru je z hlediska podané dávky zanedbatelná.
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the possible loss of the onabotulinumtoxin A (onaBTA) in the course of endoscopic injection into the detrusor muscle in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Methods: The study group included 11 patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity who failed standard treatment with anticholinergics. Patients were treated with endoscopic injection of 200 U onaBTA divided into 30 injection sites using a 23 G flexible endoscopic needle. In order to determine the content of onaBTA lost during endoscopic administration, methylene blue dye was added to the solution of the drug. The concentration of methylene blue was quantified using spectrofotometry in the bladder irrigant collected immediately after the final intradetrusor injection. The volume of onaBTA that was lost in the course of each procedure was subsequently calculated based the concentration of methylene blue in the solution. Results: In the first patient, the method for monitoring the loss of onaBTA was performed using a known loss of 13 U of onaBTA. In the following 10 patients there was a loss of 2.6 ? 1.67 U onaBTA during endoscopic administration onaBTA to detrusor. Conclusions: In this pilot study, we demonstrated that compared to the total injected volume, the loss onaBTA during endoscopic injection in the detrusor was negligible.
- MeSH
- botulotoxiny typ A * analýza aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endoskopie * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- hyperaktivní močový měchýř * farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methylenová modř analýza diagnostické užití MeSH
- monitorování léčiv metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- spektrofotometrie metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Coppicing was one of the most important forest management systems in Europe documented in prehistory as well as in the Middle Ages. However, coppicing was gradually abandoned by the mid-20(th) century, which has altered the ecosystem structure, diversity and function of coppice woods. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Our aim was to disentangle factors shaping the historical growth dynamics of oak standards (i.e. mature trees growing through several coppice cycles) in a former coppice-with-standards in Central Europe. Specifically, we tried to detect historical coppicing events from tree-rings of oak standards, to link coppicing events with the recruitment of mature oaks, and to determine the effects of neighbouring trees on the stem increment of oak standards. Large peaks in radial growth found for the periods 1895-1899 and 1935-1939 matched with historical records of coppice harvests. After coppicing, the number of newly recruited oak standards markedly grew in comparison with the preceding or following periods. The last significant recruitment of oak standards was after the 1930s following the last regular coppicing event. The diameter increment of oak standards from 1953 to 2003 was negatively correlated with competition indices, suggesting that neighbouring trees (mainly resprouting coppiced Tilia platyphyllos) partly suppressed the growth of oak standards. Our results showed that improved light conditions following historical coppicing events caused significant increase in pulses of radial growth and most probably maintained oak recruitment. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our historical perspective carries important implications for oak management in Central Europe and elsewhere. Relatively intense cutting creating open canopy woodlands, either as in the coppicing system or in the form of selective cutting, is needed to achieve significant radial growth in mature oaks. It is also critical for the successful regeneration and long-term maintenance of oak populations.
- MeSH
- dub (rod) fyziologie MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- stromy chemie růst a vývoj MeSH
- zachování přírodních zdrojů MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Many exotic plant invaders pose a serious threat to native communities, but little is known about the dynamics of their impacts over time. In this study, we explored the impact of an invasive plant Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) at 24 grassland sites invaded for different periods of time (from 11 to 48 years). Native species' richness and productivity were initially reduced by hogweed invasion but tended to recover after ~30 years of hogweed residence at the sites. Hogweed cover declined over the whole period assessed. A complementary common garden experiment suggested that the dynamics observed in the field were due to a negative plant-soil feedback; hogweed survival and biomass, and its competitive ability were lower when growing in soil inocula collected from earlier-invaded grasslands. Our results provide evidence that the initial dominance of an invasive plant species and its negative impact can later be reversed by stabilising processes.
- MeSH
- bolševník fyziologie MeSH
- čas MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- lipnicovité fyziologie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- zavlečené druhy * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Dva ježci bělobřiší byli přineseni spolu s morčetem do ordinace s anamnézou pruritu. Zvířata byla chována společně v jedné domácnosti. Klinicky bylo nalezeno množství šupin na kůži, krusty a hypotrichóza. Po vyšetření kožního seškrabu byla stanovena diagnóza svrab. Diferenciálně diagnosticky jsme zvažovali a následně vyloučili další ektoparazitární infestace, dermatofytovou infekci, bakteriální dermatitidu, potravní alergie, autoimunitní onemocnění. Terapie byla provedena opakovanou aplikací ivermectinu a byla úspěšná.
A pair of four-toed hedgehogs were brought to our clinic with anamnesis of pruritus along with a guinea pig, which was kept in the same household. We found squamae on the skin, crusts and hypotrichosis during the clinical examination. Based on the deep skin scrapings the final diagnosis of mange was established. Differential diagnoses of other ectoparasite infestation, dermatophyte mfection, bacterial dermatitis, food allergy as well as autoimmune disease were ruled out. We used multiple doses of ivermectin for the treatment and this therapy was successful.
- MeSH
- antiparazitární látky aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- ivermektin * terapeutické užití MeSH
- ježkovití MeSH
- morčata MeSH
- nemoci zvířat MeSH
- pruritus etiologie MeSH
- svrab * diagnóza farmakoterapie veterinární MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- morčata MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
