INTRODUCTION: For many infectious diseases, women are at higher risk and have a more severe disease course than men for many reasons, including biological differences, social inequalities, and restrictive cultural norms. The study focuses on infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the form of cervical cancer as a gender-specific disease. The main goal is to evaluate cervical tumour incidence trends in the Czech female population in the HPV vaccination period 2012-2020 in relation to selected demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic indicators. METHODS: This is a retrospective ecological study. Data from publicly available databases about the incidence and mortality of cervical tumours (C53 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri, D06 Carcinoma in situ of cervix uteri according to ICD 10) and HPV vaccination rate were analysed and compared with demographic, socioeconomic and territorial data. Associations were searched using correlation analysis. RESULTS: There was a decreasing trend in the incidence of cervical cancer in the observed period. Regarding cervical tumours (C53, D06) and malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri incidence (C53), the decrease was approximately 11 and 20%, respectively. Differences between regions were observed in incidences and vaccination rates. Based on correlation analysis, indicators connected with urban/rural aspects, such as a share of urban population and population density, were statistically significant. The indicators related to higher cervical cancer incidence are the high unemployment rate of women, the high number of divorces, the high number of abortions, the high share of the urban population, the high number of students, and the high number of women with only primary education. On the other hand, the indicators related to lower cervical cancer incidence are the high gross domestic product (GDP), the high average gross monthly wage per employee, the high employment rate of women, the higher average age of mothers at birth, and the high number of women with tertiary education. CONCLUSION: Results underline the problem of economically disadvantaged regions and families. Increasing vaccination rates, promoting regular screening for cervical cancer, and supporting awareness in the population, especially in regions with higher incidence rates, should be priorities for public health efforts.

• MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku * epidemiologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
• vakcinace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• vakcíny proti papilomavirům aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: The perception of the quality of care provided by the medical institution to patients is directly affected by the job satisfaction of nurses. The feeling of job satisfaction is caused besides other things by the subjective expectations of employees about what their work should provide them with in return. The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare job satisfaction of hospital nurses in the Czech Republic in 2011 and 2021 by identifying differences between their personal preferences and perceived saturation. METHODS: The respondents are hospital nurses in the Czech Republic in 2011 and 2021. A developed questionnaire was used to determine the job satisfaction factors. The order of factors of personal preferences, perceived saturation and differences between them was compiled. For evaluation was used the Euclidean distance model that enables to capture the order and determine the significance given by the distance in which the factors are located. RESULTS: At the top of personal preferences of hospital nurses, the factors salary and patient care are in the first two places with a similar distance. The salary factor is the most preferred by hospital nurses in both evaluated periods, and at the same time there is the greatest discrepancy between personal preferences and perceived saturation. By contrast, image of profession and working conditions were sufficiently saturated by the employer in both periods, but nurses do not significantly prefer these factors. CONCLUSIONS: The salary and patient care (i.e. the mission of the nurse's work itself) are at the top of personal preferences of hospital nurses, with an exclusive position among other factors. We consider it important that the hospital management emphasizes them in the management of hospital nurses. At the same time, the patient care is perceived by the hospital nurses as one of the most saturated factors - in contrast to salary, which is located at the complete opposite pole as the least saturated factor and therefore emerges from the mutual comparison as the factor with the greatest degree of divergence. The stated conclusions are valid for both compared periods. New method of data evaluation was successfully tested.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background: Gait disturbance accompanies many neurodegenerative diseases; it is characteristic for Parkinson's disease (PD). Treatment of advanced PD often includes deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus. Regarding gait, previous studies have reported non-significant or conflicting results, possibly related to methodological limitations. Objective: The objective of this prospective study was to assess the effects of DBS on biomechanical parameters of gait in patients with PD. Methods: Twenty-one patients with advanced PD participated in this prospective study. Gait was examined in all patients using the Zebris FDM-T pressure-sensitive treadmill (Isny, Germany) before DBS implantation and after surgery immediately, further immediately after the start of neurostimulation, and 3 months after neurostimulator activation. We assessed spontaneous gait on a moving treadmill at different speeds. Step length, stance phase of both lower limbs, double-stance phase, and cadence were evaluated. Results: In this study, step length increased, allowing the cadence to decrease. Double-stance phase duration, that is, the most sensitive parameter of gait quality and unsteadiness, was reduced, in gait at a speed of 4.5 km/h and in the narrow-based gaits at 1 km/h (tandem gait), which demonstrates improvement. Conclusion: This study suggests positive effects of DBS treatment on gait in PD patients. Improvement was observed in several biomechanical parameters of gait.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The main aim of the study was to document the occurrence and evolution of post-stroke spasticity (PSS). The secondary goal was to identify predictors for increases and decreases in PSS rates during 12 months of subsequent follow-up. METHODS: In a longitudinal, multicenter, prospective cohort study, assessments were done at 7 days (V1), 6 months (V2), and 12 months (V3) after stroke onset. A total of 307 consecutive patients from four comprehensive stroke centers with the first-ever stroke of carotid origin and the presence of motor deficit at day 7 were included. The demographic data, baseline characteristics, Barthel index, degree and pattern of paresis and muscle tone were evaluated and recorded. Spasticity was assessed using the modified Ashworth scale. RESULTS: Spasticity was present in 45.0% of patients at V1, in 49.5% at V2, and in 43.2% at V3. A significant number of patients experienced changes in spasticity between visits: increased/new occurrence of spasticity in 32.5% (V1 and V2) and in 13.6% (V2 and V3) of patients; decreased occurrence/disappearance of spasticity in 18.5% (V1 and V2) and in 18.3% (V2 and V3) of patients. The number of patients with severe spasticity increased throughout the year, from 2.6% to 13.0% (V2) and 12.5% (V3). CONCLUSIONS: Spasticity developed in almost half of the included patients. The degree of spasticity often changed over time, in both directions. The rate of severe spasticity increased during the first year, with the maximum at 6 months following stroke onset. Copyright © 2019 EAN.

• MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda * komplikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• svalová spasticita * epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Fenomén bolesti se bohužel již v dětském věku vyskytuje poměrně často. Příčiny mohou být různé a je nutné včas reagovat jak nefarmakologickými postupy, tak také adekvátní farmakoterapií. Léčbu je potřeba optimalizovat vzhledem k hmotnosti dítěte a závažnosti diagnózy.

Pain is unfortunately a common pediatric problem and its causes may be different. The treatment should be started as soon aspossible. Dosing of the drugs might be adjusted to the weight of the child and type of diagnose.

• MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bolest * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management bolesti metody   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• opioidní analgetika aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním opiátů MeSH
• rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
• způsoby aplikace léků MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

AIMS: The main aim of this study was to provide an estimate of the incidence and prevalence of spasticity following stroke in the internal carotid artery territory for Regional Stroke Centers in the Czech Republic. A secondary goal was to identify predictors for the development of spasticity. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, 256 consecutive patients with clinical signs of central paresis due to a first-ever stroke were examined in the acute stage. All patients had primary stroke of carotid origin and paresis of the upper and/or lower limb for longer than 7 days after stroke onset. All were examined between 7-10 days after the stroke. We evaluated the degree and pattern of paresis, spasticity using the Modified Ashworth scale and the Barthel Index, baseline characteristics and demographic data. RESULTS: Of 256 patients (157 males; mean age 69.9±12.4 years), 115 (44.9%) patients developed spasticity during the first 10 days after stroke onset. Eighty-three (32.5%) patients presented with mild neurological deficit (modified Rankin Scale 0 - 2) and 69 (27.0%) patients were bedridden. CONCLUSION: Spasticity was noted in 44.9% patients with neurological deficit due to first-ever stroke in the carotid territory in the first 10 days after stroke onset. Severe spasticity was rare.

• MeSH
• arteria carotis interna patologie   MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda * komplikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• svalová spasticita * diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH